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Diabetes has become a global public health problem and there is a strong relationship between gut flora and diabetes. Modulation of intestinal flora has been shown to be an effective means of improving symptoms in diabetic patients. However, the efficacy and safety of existing drugs in regulating intestinal flora are still controversial. The aim of this paper is to summarise the available data on the modulation of gut flora by different drugs to improve the symptoms and safety of diabetic patients through meta-analysis, in order to provide a more effective treatment for diabetic patients. In this study, literature search was used to collect literature on the regulation of intestinal flora by relevant drugs and meta-analysis was performed. Drug efficacy and safety analyses were performed based on the quality and quantity of literature included. After meta-analysis, we found that drugs such as dextran, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were more effective in regulating intestinal flora and had a better safety profile. In addition, these drugs can effectively improve insulin sensitivity and blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. In this paper, the efficacy and safety of different drugs for regulating intestinal flora are systematically summarised to provide better treatment options for diabetic patients. Future studies can delve into the mechanism of drug regulation of intestinal flora and further optimise drug regimens.
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