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Using a comprehensive model proposed by the author, it is found that the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) propagating opposite to the pump beam causes depression to pump and signal evolution near to the pump input end of a high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). In a m-stage cascaded EDFA chain, the S/N ratio is inversely proportional to m, and the gain may decrease with increasing m if the signal wavelength markedly deviates from the ASE peak wavelength.
Chongcheng Fan
"Influence of amplified spontaneous emission on erbium-doped fiber amplifier characteristics under various pump schemes", Proc. SPIE 1979, 1992 International Conference on Lasers and Optoelectronics, (11 May 1993); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.144157
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Chongcheng Fan, "Influence of amplified spontaneous emission on erbium-doped fiber amplifier characteristics under various pump schemes," Proc. SPIE 1979, 1992 International Conference on Lasers and Optoelectronics, (11 May 1993); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.144157