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The diffusivities of oxygen along the grain boundary in the PTCR-samples were greater than those in non-PTCR samples. The grain boundary diffusion characteristics drastically changed at the oxygen partial pressure of appearing the PTCR effect. On the other hand, the volume diffusivities of oxygen ions in both samples have the same value. These results lead that the structural change at grain boundary in polycrystalline barium titanate occurred at the oxidizing prossece and enhanced oxygen grain boundary diffusion. The origin of the barrier layer of the PTCR effect is considered to be same.
Hajime Haneda,Junzo Tanaka, andTakamasa Ishigaki
"Oxygen diffusion and defect structure in PTCR-barium titanate", Proc. SPIE 2779, 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Materials and 3rd European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, (26 April 1996); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237181
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Hajime Haneda, Junzo Tanaka, Takamasa Ishigaki, "Oxygen diffusion and defect structure in PTCR-barium titanate," Proc. SPIE 2779, 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Materials and 3rd European Conference on Smart Structures and Materials, (26 April 1996); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237181