Biosensor, ELISA, and frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) analysis of water associated with frog malformations in Minnesota

Eric A. E. Garber; Judith L. Erb; James G. Downward; Eric M. Priuska; James L. Wittliff; Wenke Feng; Joseph Magner; Gerald L. Larsen

doi:10.1117/12.418737

13 March 2001 Biosensor, ELISA, and frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) analysis of water associated with frog malformations in Minnesota

Eric A. E. Garber, Judith L. Erb, James G. Downward, Eric M. Priuska, James L. Wittliff, Wenke Feng, Joseph Magner, Gerald L. Larsen

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 4206, Photonic Detection and Intervention Technologies for Safe Food; (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.418737
Event: Environmental and Industrial Sensing, 2000, Boston, MA, United States

Abstract

Between 1995 and 1997 over 62% of the counties in Minnesota reported the presence of malformed frogs. While most sites have recently shown a decline in malformed frog populations, one site in northeastern Minnesota with no prior history of malformed frogs was recently discovered to contain > 67% malformed Rana pipiens (northern leopard frogs). As part of an effort to study the presence of hormonally active agents in fresh water sources, water samples were collected from lakes in Minnesota containing malformed frogs and analyzed for the presence of biologically active compounds using a novel evanescent field fluorometric biosensor and the frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) bioassay. The waveguide based biosensor developed by ThreeFold Sensors (TFS biosensor, Ann Arbor, MI) monitors the interaction between free human ER-? and an estrogen immobilized on a sensor fiber. Inhibition of the interaction reflects the presence of estrogenic compounds. The FETAX bioassay is a developmental assay, which measures teratogenicity, mortality, and inhibition of growth during the first 96 hours of organogenesis and thereby provides a universal screen for endocrine disruptors. TFS biosensor and FETAX screening of the water samples suggest a relationship between estrogenic activity, mineral supplementation, and the occurrence of malformed frogs.

Citation Download Citation

Eric A. E. Garber, Judith L. Erb, James G. Downward, Eric M. Priuska, James L. Wittliff, Wenke Feng, Joseph Magner, and Gerald L. Larsen "Biosensor, ELISA, and frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX) analysis of water associated with frog malformations in Minnesota", Proc. SPIE 4206, Photonic Detection and Intervention Technologies for Safe Food, (13 March 2001); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.418737

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