Energy-efficient should not be the only design goal in MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks, which involve the
use of battery-operated computing and sensing devices. Low-latency operation becomes the same important as energy-efficient
in the case that the traffic load is very heavy or the real-time constrain is used in applications like tracking or
locating. This paper introduces some causes of traditional time delays which are inherent in a multi-hops network using
existing WSN MAC protocols, illuminates the importance of low-latency MAC design for wireless sensor networks, and
presents three MACs as examples of low-latency protocols designed specially for sleep delay, wait delay and wakeup
delay in wireless sensor networks, respectively. The paper also discusses design trade-offs with emphasis on low-latency
and points out their advantages and disadvantages, together with some design considerations and suggestions for MAC
protocols for future applications and researches.
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