This paper summarized the nowadays positioning technologies, such as absolute positioning methods and relative
positioning methods, indoor positioning and outdoor positioning, active positioning and passive positioning. Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technologies were introduced as the omnipresent out-door positioning technologies,
including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BD-1/2. After analysis of the shortcomings of GNSS, indoor positioning
technologies were discussed and compared, including A-GPS, Cellular network, Infrared, Electromagnetism, Computer
Vision Cognition, Embedded Pressure Sensor, Ultrasonic, RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification), Bluetooth, WLAN
etc.. Then the concept and characteristics of Ubiquitous Positioning was proposed. After the ubiquitous positioning
technologies contrast and selection followed by system engineering methodology, a navigation system model based on
Incorporate Indoor-Outdoor Positioning Solution was proposed. And this model was simulated in the Galileo
Demonstration for World Expo Shanghai project. In the conclusion, the prospects of ubiquitous positioning based
navigation were shown, especially to satisfy the public location information acquiring requirement.
|