In this study, we present the control over second-harmonic generation (SHG) in MoS2 with single-cell bacteria. SHG signal changes in response to bacteria deposited on monolayer MoS2, resulting in anisotropic polarization responses as a function of bacteria orientation relative to MoS2 crystal axis; the anisotropic enhancement originated from bacteria tensile stress. By monitoring the UV-induced changes in SHG signals, we determine the rupture and ablation times for individual bacteria. The rupture time differs noticeably between species, which enables us to distinguish individual bacteria sharing the same habitat, such as E. coli and L. casei.
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