Page 8, Velocity Fluctuations

Table of Contents

• Front Matter

• Atmospheric Structure
• Atmospheric Structure

• Atmospheric Structure with Altitude

• Absorption and Scattering

• Transmittance, Optical Depth, and Visibility

• Meteorological Phenomena

• Kolmogorov Theory of Turbulence
• Kolmogorov Theory of Turbulence

• Classical Turbulence

• Velocity Fluctuations

• Temperature Fluctuations

• Optical Turbulence

• Structure Parameter and Inner Scale

• Cn2 Profile Models

• Power Spectrum Models

• Optical Wave Models in Free Space
• Optical Wave Models in Free Space

• Paraxial Wave Equation

• Plane Wave and Spherical Wave Models

• Gaussian-Beam Wave at Transmitter

• Gaussian-Beam Wave at Receiver

• Hermite-Gaussian Beam Wave

• Laguerre-Gaussian Beam Wave

• Example

• Atmospheric Propagation: Second-Order Statistics
• Atmospheric Propagation: Second-Order Statistics

• Rytov Approximation

• Extended Huygens-Fresnel Principle

• Parabolic Equation Method

• Mean Irradiance and Beam Spreading

• Beam Wander

• Spatial Coherence Radius: Plane Wave

• Spatial Coherence Radius: Spherical Wave

• Spatial Coherence Radius: Gaussian-Beam Wave

• Fried's Parameter and the Phase Structure Function

• Angle-of-Arrival and Image Jitter

• Example

• Atmospheric Propagation: Fourth-Order Statistics
• Atmospheric Propagation: Fourth-Order Statistics

• Rytov Approximation: Fourth-Order Specializations

• Scintillation Index: Theory

• Scintillation Index: Plane Wave

• Scintillation Index: Spherical Wave

• Scintillation Index: Gaussian-Beam Wave

• Covariance Function: Plane Wave

• Temporal Power Spectrum: Plane Wave

• Aperture Averaging: Plane Wave

• Aperture Averaging: Spherical Wave

• Example

• Imaging Systems and Adaptive Optics
• Imaging Systems and Adaptive Optics

• Fried's Atmospheric Parameter and Greenwood's Time Constant

• Point Spread Function and Modulation Transfer Function

• Spatial Resolution

• Strehl Ratio and Image Resolving Power

• Isoplanatic Angle and Point-Ahead Angle

• Zernike Polynomials and Wave Front Representation

• Zernike Polynomials for Atmospheric Imaging

• Modal Expansion and Aperture Filter Functions

• Zernike Tilt, Piston, and Angle-of Arrival Jitter

• Free Space Optical Communication Systems
• Free Space Optical Communication Systems

• Direct Detection System

• Threshold Detection

• Signal-to-Noise Ratio: Direct Detection

• Bit Error Rate

• Coherent Detection System

• Signal-to-Noise Ratio: Coherent Detection

• Probability of Fade: Lognormal Model

• Probability of Fade: Gamma-Gamma Model

• Lasersatcom: Mean Irradiance and Beam Spreading

• Lasersatcom: Uplink Scintillation under Weak Fluctuations

• Lasersatcom: Downlink Scintillation under Weak Fluctuations

• Lasersatcom: General Theory for Uplink/Downlink Scintillation

• Lasersatcom: General Theory for Downlink Covariance and Correlation Width

• Laser Radar and Optical Remote Sensing
• Laser Radar and Optical Remote Sensing

• Basic Radar Principles

• Statistical Characteristics of Echo Beam

• Enhanced Backscatter: Spherical Wave

• Enhanced Backscatter: Gaussian-Beam Wave

• Spatial Coherence

• Scintillation Index: Spherical Wave and Point Target

• Scintillation Index: Gaussian-Beam Wave and Point Target

• Scintillation Index: Smooth Target

• Scintillation Index: Diffuse Target—I

• Scintillation Index: Diffuse Target—II

• Appendix
• Equation Summary

• Back Matter