Page 29, Spherical and Cylindrical Refractive Error

Table of Contents

• Front Matter

• Ocular Function
• Eyeball

• Cornea

• Retina

• Photoreceptors

• Retinal Landmarks

• Properties of Ocular Components

• Accommodation

• Pupil Size and Dark Adaptation

• Transmission and Reflectance

• Axes of the Eye

• Stiles-Crawford Effect

• Photopic V(λ) and Scotopic V′(λ) Response

• Eye Movements

• Vergence

• Paraxial Schematic Eye

• Arizona Eye Model

• Aberrations

• Visual Acuity

• Visual Acuity and Eye Charts

• Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF)

• Emmetropia and Ametropia

• Far and Near Points

• Presbyopia

• Correction of Ocular Errors
• Spectacles: Single Vision

• Spectacle Lenses

• Lensmeter

• Spherical and Cylindrical Refractive Error

• Prismatic Error

• Astigmatic Decomposition

• Special Ophthalmic Lenses

• Variable Prisms and Lenses

• Contact Lenses

• Radiuscope

• Spectacle and Contact Lens Materials

• Surgical Correction of Refractive Error

• Cataract Surgery

• Ophthalmic Instrumentation and Metrology
• Purkinje Images

• Fluorescein Imaging

• Indocyanine Green Imaging

• Keratometry

• Corneal Topography

• Corneal Topography: Axial Power

• Corneal Topography: Instantaneous Power

• Anterior Segment Imaging

• Wavefront Sensing: Shack-Hartmann Sensing

• Wavefront Sensing: Tscherning Aberrometry

• Wavefront Sensing: Retinal Raytracing

• Wavefront Sensing: Spatially Resolved Refractometry

• Wavefront Sensing: Reconstruction

• Zernike Polynomials: Wavefront Sensing Standard

• Zernike Polynomials: Cartesian Coordinates

• Zernike Polynomials: Useful Formulas

• Ophthalmoscopy

• Retinal Imaging

• Field of View and Perimetry

• Retinoscopy

• Autorefraction

• Badal Optometer and Maxwellian View

• Common Ophthalmic Lasers

• Eye Safety: Laser Sources

• Eye Safety: Non-Laser Sources

• Color
• Photometry

• Colorimetry: RGB and CIE XYZ Systems

• Colorimetry: Chromaticity Diagram

• Colorimetry: Primaries and Gamut

• Colorimetry: CIELUV Color Space

• Colorimetry: CIELAB Color Space

• Chromatic Adaptation

• L, M, and S Cone Fundamentals

• Appendices
• Aspheric and Astigmatic Surfaces

• Differential Geometry

• Trigonometric Identities

• CIE Photopic V(λ) and Scotopic V′(λ) Response

• 1931 CIE 2° Color Matching Functions

• 1964 CIE 10° Color Matching Functions

• Stockman & Sharpe 2° Cone Fundamentals

• Incoherent Retinal Hazard Functions

• Zernike Polynomials: Table in Polar Coordinates

• Zernike Polynomials: Table in Cartesian Coordinates

• Equation Summary

• Back Matter