Page 29, Birefringence and Polarization Effects

Table of Contents

• Front Matter

• Basics of Fibers
• Principle of Waveguiding

• Wave Propagation in Fibers

• Calculation of Fiber Modes

• Decomposition into Modes

• Types of Fiber Modes

• Cladding Modes

• Step-Index Fibers

• Single-Mode Fibers

• V Number of Single-Mode Fiber

• Numerical Aperture of a Single-Mode Fiber

• Effective Mode Area

• Multimode Fibers

• Glass Fibers

• Non-Silica Glass Fibers

• Nanofibers

• Plastic Optical Fibers

• Origins of Propagation Losses

• Losses of Silica Fibers

• Bend Losses

• Chromatic Dispersion

• Birefringence and Polarization Effects

• Polarization-Maintaining Fibers

• Nonlinear Effects in Fibers
• Overview on Fiber Nonlinearities

• Effects of the Kerr Nonlinearity

• Self-Phase Modulation

• Numbers on Fiber Nonlinearities

• Soliton Pulses

• Linear Pulse Compression

• Nonlinear Pulse Compression

• Cross-Phase Modulation

• Four-Wave Mixing

• Parametric Amplification

• Raman Scattering

• Brillouin Scattering

• Passive Fibers for Data Transmission
• Wavelength Regions for Data Transmission

• Optimization of Telecom Fibers

• Considerations on Chromatic Dispersion

• Dispersion Compensation

• Important Standards for Telecom Fibers

• Polarization Mode Dispersion

• Photonic Crystal Fibers
• Introduction to Photonic Crystal Fibers

• Guidance According to Average Refractive Index

• Fibers with Large Air Holes

• Photonic Bandgap Fibers

• Birefringent PCFs

• Large Mode Area Fibers
• Large Mode Area Fibers

• Other Solid-Core Fiber Designs

• Photonic Crystal Fiber Designs

• Using Passive Optical Fibers
• Tolerances for Low-Loss Fiber Joints

• Launching Light into Single-Mode Fibers

• Preparing Fiber Ends

• Fusion Splicing

• Fiber Connectors

• Passive Fiber-Optic Components
• Fiber Couplers

• Fiber Bragg Gratings

• Fiber-Coupled Faraday Isolators

• Fiber Polarization Controllers

• Active Fiber Devices
• Rare-Earth-Doped Fibers

• Importance of the Host Glass

• Common Host Glasses

• Double-Clad Fibers

• Pump Absorption in Double-Clad Fibers

• Coreless End Caps

• Amplified Spontaneous Emission

• Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers

• Neodymium- and Ytterbium-Doped Amplifiers

• High-Power Fiber Amplifiers

• Gain Efficiency

• Gain Saturation

• Continuous-Wave Fiber Lasers

• High-Power Lasers vs MOPAs

• Upconversion Fiber Lasers

• Pulsed Fiber Lasers

• Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers

• Equation Summary

• Back Matter