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SUBSCRIPTIONS & PRICING
GENERAL INFORMATION
chapter 5, Detectors of Optical Radiation
Table of Contents
- E. Glossary
Chapter Contents
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Definitions
- 5.3 Figures of Merit
- 5.4 #N$O%&I*S@E∼^
- 5.4.1 Introduction to noise concepts
- 5.4.2 Effective noise bandwidth
- 5.4.3 Catalog of most unpleasant noises
- 5.4.3.1 Johnson noise
- 5.4.3.2 Shot noise
- 5.4.3.3 1∕f noise
- 5.4.3.4 Generation-recombination noise
- 5.4.3.5 Temperature fluctuation noise
- 5.4.3.6 Photon noise
- 5.4.3.7 Microphonic noise
- 5.4.3.8 Triboelectric noise
- 5.4.3.9 CCD noises
- 5.4.3.10 Amplifier noise
- 5.4.3.11 Quantization noise
- 5.4.4 Noise factor, noise figure, and noise temperature
- 5.4.5 Some noise examples
- 5.4.6 Computer simulation of Gaussian noise
- 5.5 Thermal Detectors
- 5.5.1 Thermal circuit
- 5.5.2 Thermoelectric detectors
- 5.5.2.1 Basic principles
- 5.5.2.2 Combinations and configurations
- 5.5.3 Thermoresistive detector: bolometer
- 5.5.4 Pyroelectric detectors
- 5.5.4.1 Basic principles
- 5.5.4.2 Pyroelectric materials
- 5.5.4.3 Operational characteristics of pyroelectric detectors
- 5.5.4.4 Applications of pyroelectric detectors
- 5.5.5 Other thermal detectors
- 5.6 Photon Detectors
- 5.6.1 Detector materials
- 5.6.2 Photoconductive detectors
- 5.6.2.1 Basic principles
- 5.6.2.2 Noises in photoconductive detectors
- 5.6.2.3 Characteristics of photoconductive detectors
- 5.6.2.4 Applications of photoconductive detectors
- 5.6.3 Photoemissive detectors
- 5.6.3.1 Basic principles
- 5.6.3.2 Classes of emitters
- 5.6.3.3 Dark current
- 5.6.3.4 Noises in photoemissive detectors
- 5.6.3.5 Photoemissive detector types
- 5.6.4 Photovoltaic detectors
- 5.6.4.1 Basic principles
- 5.6.4.2 Responsivity and quantum efficiency
- 5.6.4.3 Noises in photovoltaic detectors
- 5.6.4.4 Photovoltaic detector materials and configurations
- 5.7 Imaging Arrays
- 5.7.1 Introduction
- 5.7.2 Photographic film
- 5.7.2.1 History
- 5.7.2.2 Physical characteristics
- 5.7.2.3 Spectral sensitivity
- 5.7.2.4 Radiometric calibration
- 5.7.2.5 Spatial resolution
- 5.7.2.6 Summary
- 5.7.3 Electronic detector arrays
- 5.7.3.1 History
- 5.7.3.2 Device architecture description and tradeoffs
- 5.7.3.3 Readout mechanisms
- 5.7.3.4 Comparison
- 5.7.4 Three-color CCDs
- 5.7.5 Ultraviolet photon-detector arrays
- 5.7.6 Infrared photodetector arrays
- 5.7.7 Uncooled thermal imagers
- 5.7.8 Summary
- For Further Reading
- References
Excerpt
5.1 Introduction
Optical radiation detectors are transducers that transform optical radiant energy into a different form of energy that is more readily measured. Electrical energy is typically used for this purpose, as electrical measurement technologies are well established. Both thermal and photon detectors convert incident optical energy into electrical signals; in the thermal detector, the initial output takes the form of heat before conversion. Either detector type may be a “point” or an “area” detector. The former are single-element detectors, designed to respond to incident energy. The latter are one- or two-dimensional arrays used particularly for imaging, and include mechanisms to read out the signal on the array. Table 5.1 gives examples of photon and thermal detectors, while Table 5.2 lists differences between them.
©2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers
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