Study of aberrational performance and manufacturing tolerances of Klevtsov family of optical telescopes is presented,
with focus on determination of practical boundaries in design space of two-glass solution, which provides correction of
spherochromatic aberration comparable with complex full-aperture catadioptric designs at expense of using dense and
ultra-dense crowns for sub-aperture meniscus elements with careful mating of Mangin mirror glass. This allows radical
improvement of spherochromatic correction in comparison to basic Klevtsov design with corrector lenses of same glass,
with increase of both primary mirror’s and whole system’s speed. This family of designs is subject of late Klevtsov’s
patents from middle of 90’s and allows building of very compact systems with moderate overall focal ratio, like
presented analyzed examples with 0.5 m aperture with f/1.5 primary mirror and f/5 equivalent focal ration, with
diffraction-limited on-axis performance within whole visible range Comparison of practical Klevtsov designs with pure
reflective designs such as Cassegrain, Ritchey- Chretien, Dall-Kirkham and full-aperture catadioptric designs such as
Schmidt-Cassegrain, Maksutov-Cassegrain and Volosov-Houghton designs is taken for field and axial aberrations
correspondingly. A number of field correctors for Klevtsov telescope is presented, with near-neutral and focal-converting
designs. Overall combination of investigated basic variants and correctors forms perspective multi-focal all-spherical
optical telescope, highly suitable for large-volume production, combining low cost, short optical tubes, moderate
secondary mirror obscuration and decent field for both high-quality visual observations and CCD imaging.
Work covers design and optimization of optical systems for observation of transient events and moving targets in space,
such as gamma-ray bursts, asteroids, comets, meteors, satellites, space debris etc. Several all-spherical full-aperture
catadioptric designs with focal ratios within f/3-f/0.8 range optimized for large format CCD detectors are presented.
Analyzed systems may be grouped in following families: a) Prime-focus/folded Newtonian systems: 1. Hamilton. 2.
Sonnefeld. 3. Richter-Slevogt. b) Cassegrain systems: 1.
Richter-Slevogt-Cassegrain. 2. Hamilton-Cassegrain. 3.
Shenker. Principal results of the work are: 1. Development of several optical designs suitable for realization. 2.
Comparison of systems of different design families with comparable performance. 3.. Atmospheric dispersion correction
in large-aperture systems is analyzed, with proposal of compensation by motion of principal optical elements. 4.
Historical survey and comparison of all-spherical full-aperture catadioptric systems is performed.
Work is focused on study of capability of solid Schmidt camera to serve as a wide-field infrared lens for aircraft system
with whole sphere coverage, working in 8-14 um spectral range, coupled with spherical focal array of megapixel class.
Designs of 16 mm f/0.2 lens with 60 and 90 degrees sensor diagonal are presented, their image quality is compared with
conventional solid design. Achromatic design with significantly improved performance, containing enclosed soft
correcting lens behind protective front lens is proposed. One of the main goals of the work is to estimate benefits from
curved detector arrays in 8-14 um spectral range wide-field systems. Coupling of photodetector with solid Schmidt
camera by means of frustrated total internal reflection is considered, with corresponding tolerance analysis. The whole
lens, except front element, is considered to be cryogenic, with solid Schmidt unit to be flown by hydrogen for
improvement of bulk transmission.
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