Drones interconnected in a multi-hop ad-hoc fashion and forming a Flying Ad-Hoc Network (FANET) can be used for accomplishing a lot of different tasks. this context, a key role is played by routing protocols in order to allow data exchange following the best path between source and destination. The contribution of this work is to explore and compare two different typologies of routing protocols such as the classical protocols based on link state or those based on heuristics approach such as bio-inspired (swarm intelligence) ones that make use of real life behaviors in order to resolve complex problems. These new kinds of protocols based on heuristic approach can be lighter and more efficient in comparison with classical protocols and leading to a sub-optimal solution, in a few time and with a more efficient resource consumption remaining always able to resolve in a satisfactory way the specific task.
The drones are nowadays devices able to help human operators in a lot of fields, one of these regards the operations of rescue in disasters or emergency events. In these scenarios, the possibility of using in a rapid way a fleet of drones which can be deployed rapidly and are able to cover a particular disaster area and provide connectivity has high importance. This importance regards the possibility for the drones of permitting the communications between the operators that, otherwise, could have serious difficulties because the current communication technologies heavily rely on the backbone network and the failure of base stations (BSs) due to natural disasters causes communication difficulties for public-safety and emergency communications. The contribution of this work is to explore the use of drones for providing safety communications during natural disasters, where part of the communication infrastructure becomes damaged and dysfunctional. We introduce in the system a human mobility model for disaster events in order to take into account the behavior of the people that in these situations has to move in the area full of obstacles created by the considered disaster. The human mobility affects how to provide connectivity in the area where it is possible to have part of the area most crowded than other. So, the drone that covers this particular region has an overload of traffic and, then it is opportune to redirect the traffic flow in order to guarantee the communication between the operators' devices inside the disaster area.
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