Photovoltaic arrays implanted under the degenerated retina can convert light into pulsed electric current to stimulate the second-order retinal neurons for restoration of sight. Images captured by a camera are projected onto the retina from augmented-reality glasses using pulsed near-infrared light. Patients with such implants demonstrated consistent form perception with a letter acuity closely matching the 100um pixel size. Using current steering and 3-dimensional electrodes, pixels as small as 20um can stimulate the inner retina, providing grating acuity matching the pixel pitch, up to the natural resolution limit of 28um in rats. Optimization of these implants for human retina is in progress.
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