The feasibility of microwave breast cancer detection with a time reversal algorithm is examined. This time reversal algorithm, based on the finite difference time domain method (FDTD), time reverses not only the recorded field, but also the medium. It compensates for the wave decay and therefore is suitable for lossy media. We present two-dimensional (2D) breast models and geometries, and assume knowledge of the system's response in the absence of tumor (distorted wave Born approximation). Our results illustrate the system's detection and localization abilities, and its robustness to dispersion and measurement noise. Good performance using a simple time reversal mirror shows that this method is a promising technique for microwave imaging, and encourages us to further examine its applicability to microwave breast cancer detection.
KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Receivers, Finite-difference time-domain method, General packet radio service, Reflectors, Antennas, Systems modeling, Transmitters, Data modeling, Land mines
The use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most popular techniques for the detection of anti-personnel mines and therefore it is desirable to accurately model such systems. For many GPR applications, FDTD models used to simulate the system are two-dimensional, because they are simple to implement and computationally inexpensive. However, a three-dimensional model is more accurate and allows complete freedom for the location of the object relative to the receivers. Instead of fully modeling the transmitter and receiver elements, and adding significant complexity, the transmitted field in this study is experimentally measured and used as the model's excitation. The model developed simulates a GPR system consisting of a parabolic reflector transmitter and a multi-static receiver array. The model is tested for both flat and rough ground with a Gaussian variation. The results are compared with experimental data and are found to be very accurate. The validation of this approach makes the model a powerful tool that can be used in different applications, where the exciting field is computationally or experimentally specified.
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