A series of seven earthquakes with magnitude М>5.0 recorded during the year from September 2020 to September 2021 in the southern part of the Baikal region was studied. Based on ground data “background” time intervals were identified when there was a seismic lull in this area. Based on satellite data ATMS/SNPP seismo-gravitational fluctuations in temperature and pressure at the isobaric level of 300 hPa were detected. It was revealed that during the preparation of the Baikal earthquakes harmonics with a period of 92-96 hours appear in the spectrum of temperature fluctuations. Such harmonics are absent in the background temperature series.
The present study deals with the strong earthquakes (M>5.0) that occurred in the Baikal Rift Zone between 2008 and 2020. Reference time intervals, with no earthquakes occurring, have been chosen. The effect of seismic activity on the ozone layer has been investigated by analyzing the trends of total ozone (TO) onset obtain from the Aura/OMI satellite data, using singular spectrum analysis. In the periods preceding seismic events, TO trends have been found to be more variable than the reference ozone trends. In the pre-earthquake time intervals, the oscillation period of the TO first harmonic decreases by a factor of 1.5–2 compared to the period of the reference first harmonic of ozone.
The aim of the study was to reveal the reasons of variations in the time of the beginning of spring filling of the Antarctic ozone hole (AOH). We used data from NASA satellites on the total ozone (TO). Data on the zonal wind speed at the latitude of 60°S and the isobaric level of 50 GPA and, respectively, the rotation speed of the circumpolar vortex were used. Increased speed leads to greater centrifugal force and increased delay of the meridional mass transfer of ozone from middle latitudes to the polar region. So, filling in the AOH starts later. When the speed decreases, the delay decreases, and the AOH filling starts earlier. The study focuses on the correlation between the time series of three geophysical phenomena between 1979 and 2018. The first series is data on TO in the polar latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere in early October. The second series describes the wind speed at 60°S. The third is a series of indices of the El Nino phenomenon. Close correlations have been found between the zonal wind speed and TO and between the zonal wind speed and El Niño–La Niña indices. The El Niño–La Niña events, changing the zonal wind speed, control the dates when the AOH begins to be filled due to the meridional ozone mass transfer from the middle latitudes to the polar region that occurs every October.
KEYWORDS: Earthquakes, Satellites, Statistical analysis, 3D modeling, Data processing, Data modeling, Earth observing sensors, 3D image processing, Computational modeling, Computing systems
The study is devoted to the analysis of the features of the EWH (Equivalent Water Height) parameter over the geoid using satellite measurements of the GRACE space system in seismically active areas of the strongest underwater earthquakes. Created archive of satellite data GRACE. Interpretation of the disturbed state of the geomedia using digital maps of the spatial distribution of the parameter EWH is performed.
Satellite data were used to study changes in the Antarctic ozone hole (AOH) in 2014 and 2015. The formation of AOH is probably caused by the ozone mass transport from the polar areas to the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. In November-December, the AOH is filled with the ozone moving from the midlatitudes. In 2014, the ozone masses moving from the Polar region to the mid-latitudes and back were equal to each other, reaching over 70 million tons. No signs of ozone destruction were found in September – December 2014. In 2015, the difference between the ozone masses reached 70.9%. The most likely reason for this was the destruction of the stratospheric ozone by the products of the eruption of Calbuco Volcano in Chile.
The total ozone anomalies in the lower stratosphere over the seismically active zones of Iraq and Iran at the end of 2017 were studied during the earthquake preparation, the main shock, and the aftershocks. The ozone anomalies are elongated and oriented approximately from west to east. Ozone contour lines were found to be considerably distorted over the peak zone on the day of the seismic event. The unstable TO field is likely to be caused by the disturbed geophysical environment in the seismically active regions of the Middle East, reflecting its response to emissions of gases through Earth’s crust fractures in the lowest atmospheric layer.
Satellite data – the "zonal means" – are used to study the processes of formation and disappearance of the Antarctic ozone anomaly (AOA). During the formation of the AOA in September-October, the masses of ozone are transported from the polar region to the middle latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. In November-December, the AOA is filled with ozone moving from the middle latitudes. The same mass of ozone, reaching more than 70 million tons, is transported from the polar latitudes to middle latitudes and back. No signs of ozone depletion were detected in the Southern Hemisphere in September-December.
In this work we have studied the appearance of analogue of the Antarctic ozone hole in the Northern hemisphere in March 2011. The study is based on AURA satellite data. Possible reasons of this phenomenon were the low temperature in the polar region and intense solar flares. The solar activity led to changes in the atmospheric circulation. As a result, in the stratosphere for a while have any rotating circumpolar vortex in the form of a ring in mid-latitudes and low ozone content in the polar region. Our studies revealed a redistribution of ozone mass between the inner and outer part of the vortex with decreasing the total ozone content in the inner part and increases in the outer. A model of the formation of the circumpolar vortex based on atmospheric physics is proposed.
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