The structure of the bioluminescence field (BF) and thermohaline features have been analyzed along with the accompanying characteristics of the plankton community at the stations of the section from the shelf to the central region of the north-eastern part of the Black Sea. The trend of increase in the BF intensity and in the quantitative development of Dinophyta from coastal areas to the open-sea ones has been stated. The quantity and biomass of luminous zooplankton organisms and Noctiluca are noticed to have increased several times during that period. The dependence of the parameters of bioluminescence fine-scale structure on hydrodynamics and thermohaline structure of the sea as well as on the composition of bioluminescent species of plankton community is shown. Parameters of a small-scale variability of the intensity of bioluminescence with the depth possesses well-distinguished ranges of values depending on the location of the sounding stations – shelf, open sea and intermediate waters. The smallest range corresponded to the shelf waters alternating with the transformed waters of the Azov Sea.
Zooplankton samples were collected in layers by Judey net at the same times with batyphotometric sounding by hydroand biophysical measuring complex “Salpa-M” in the northern part of the Black Sea. Interlinking of bioluminescence field and spatial distribution of different groups of zooplankton community were determined for the layers of water stratification. Close correlation between copepod concentration as well as the total amount of zooplankton and bioluminescence intensity integrated from the upper quasi-homogeneous layer down to the thermocline were established. A regression equation was obtained enabling to assess zooplankton abundance in a certain layer using integrated bioluminescent potential as a predictor.
Modern methodology in analysing the spatial distribution and functional characteristics of plankton combines methods classical for the planktology and methods used in investigation of pelagic zone by the parameters of biophysical (bioluminescent, fluorescent, etc.) fields they produce. The use of real-time information systems is one of the advantages of biophysical methods. It allows evaluation of the correlations between plankton structural features and structure of hydrophysical fields, and ultimately leads to the development of predictive pelagic ecosystem models. Data collected within five marine research cruises were used to analyze seasonal variability of the bioluminescence field of the active layer of the Black Sea. Chlorophyll a concentration variability in the surface waters was analyzed based on the remote sensing data. Correlation coefficients between bioluminescence field parameters and chlorophyll a concentration had opposite signs in different seasons owing to the seasonal changes in the taxonomic structure of the phytoplankton communities.
Seasonal and interannual dynamics of bioluminescence field (BF) generated by Dynophyta in the upper 60m depth layer was studied using the data of biophysical monitoring in the coastal zone near Sevastopol lasted from Jan 2009 till Dec 2014. In addition, satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) data and long-term standard measurements at the nearest meteorological station (30 years long) were used. From these datasets pronounced monthly SST anomalies were extracted. SST anomalies were shown to induce taxonomic restructuring of phytoplankton community and changes in the BF vertical structure.
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