Prof. William E. Higgins Profile

Prof. William E. Higgins

Distinguished Professor at Pennsylvania State Univ

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Author

Publications (96)

SPIE Journal Paper | 30 May 2024

Automatic lesion detection for narrow-band imaging bronchoscopy

Vahid Daneshpajooh, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

JMI, Vol. 11, Issue 03, 036002, (May 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.11.3.036002

KEYWORDS: Video, Object detection, Education and training, Bronchoscopy, Cancer detection, Endoscopy, Lung cancer, Video processing, Visualization, Databases

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Proceedings Article | 2 April 2024 Poster + Paper

Interactive analysis system for narrow-band imaging bronchoscopy

Vahid Daneshpajooh, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12930, 129301G (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000395

KEYWORDS: Video, Navigation systems, Bronchoscopy, Visualization, Cancer detection, Imaging systems, Lung cancer, Cameras, Computed tomography, 3D modeling

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Synchronization and analysis of multimodal bronchoscopic airway exams for early lung cancer detection

Qi Chang, Vahid Daneshpajooh, Patrick Byrnes, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12928, 129281B (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3004212

KEYWORDS: Video, 3D modeling, Bronchoscopy, Video processing, Lung cancer, Cancer detection, Data modeling, Volume rendering, Visualization, Chest

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Because lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, early disease detection is vital. To help with this issue, advances in bronchoscopy have brought about three complementary noninvasive video modalities for imaging early-stage bronchial lesions along the airway walls: white-light bronchoscopy (WLB), autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB), and narrow-band imaging (NBI). Recent research indicates that performing a multimodal airway exam — i.e., using the three modalities together — potentially enables a more robust disease assessment than any single modality. Unfortunately, to perform a multimodal exam, the physician must manually examine each modality’s video stream separately and then mentally correlate lesion observations. This process is not only extremely tedious and skill-dependent, but also poses the risk of missed lesions, thereby reducing diagnostic confidence. What is needed is a methodology and set of tools for easily leveraging the complementary information offered by these modalities. To address this need, we propose a framework for video synchronization and fusion tailored to multimodal bronchoscopic airway examination. Our framework, built into an interactive graphical system, entails a three-step process. First, for each of the three airway exams performed with a given bronchoscopic modality, several key airway video-frame landmarks are noted with respect to the patient’s CT-based 3D airway tree model (CT = computed tomography), where the airway tree model serves as a reference space for the entire process. These landmarks create a set of connections between the videos and the airway tree to facilitate subsequent fine registration. Second, the landmark set, along with a set of additional video frames, which either contain detected lesions flagged by two deep-learning-based detection networks or lie between landmarks to help fill surface gaps, are finely registered to the airway tree, using a CT-video-based global registration method. Lastly, the registered frames are mapped and fused, via texture mapping, to the CT-based 3D airway tree’s endoluminal surface. This enables sequential revising of synchronized multimodal surface structure and lesion locations through interactive graphical tools along a path navigating the airway tree. Results with patient multimodal bronchoscopic airway exams show the promise of our methods.

Proceedings Article | 29 March 2024 Poster + Paper

Automatic procedure planning for radial-probe endobronchial ultrasound

Austin Kao, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12928, 129281P (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3004841

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Bronchoscopy, Ultrasonography, Navigation systems, Displays, Computed tomography, Algorithm development, Windows, Video, Lung cancer

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2024 Presentation + Paper

Self-supervised monocular depth and ego-motion estimation for CT-bronchoscopy fusion

Qi Chang, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12928, 129280B (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3004499

KEYWORDS: Education and training, Depth maps, Cameras, Video, 3D modeling, Computed tomography, Bronchoscopy, Pose estimation, 3D image processing, Visualization

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The management of lung cancer necessitates robust diagnostic tools, with three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging and bronchoscopy standing as pivotal complementary resources. Bronchoscopy captures live endobronchial video, providing striking detail of the airway tree’s interior, while 3D CT scans contribute extensive anatomical knowledge. A significant gap persists, however, in linking these data-rich sources, such as in the fusion of video data from bronchoscopic airway exams and airway surface data from 3D CT scans. The main issue is the difficulty in simultaneously acquiring depth and camera pose information for bronchoscopic video frames. A solution to this problem can facilitate CT-video fusion/rendering, multimodal registration, and 3D cancer lesion localization. Deep-learning networks have been recently employed to estimate the depth and ego-motion information. Unfortunately, it is challenging to acquire the required training data, consisting of ground-truth pairs of bronchoscopic video frames and corresponding depth maps. Along this line, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown promise in domain transformation from CT-based endoluminal surface views into synthesized bronchoscopic frames. These synthesized views are consequently aligned with their CT-derived depth map, generating valuable training data. Nonetheless, such domain transformation techniques fail to utilize frame sequence knowledge and supply no information about the camera’s ego-motion. Parallel studies in other domains, such as endoscopy, have emphasized the photometric consistency between adjacent frames to jointly offer depth and ego-motion estimation. Nevertheless, the texture-less and smooth endoluminal surface inside the airway restricts the generation of distinct depth maps with enhanced clarity and detail. To address this problem, we present a self-supervised training strategy that incorporates both domain transformation and photometric consistency for the Monodepth2 deep learning architecture, improving the depth and ego-motion prediction of bronchoscopic video frames. Results drawing on well-registered test data illustrate that the proposed strategy achieves clear and precise prediction. In addition, effective reference scaling factors are summarized from the test dataset, enabling real-world applications, such as 3D surface reconstruction, camera trajectory generation, and fusion between CT and bronchoscopic video.

Proceedings Article | 10 April 2023 Presentation + Paper

ESFPNet: efficient deep learning architecture for real-time lesion segmentation in autofluorescence bronchoscopic video

Qi Chang, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12468, 1246803 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2647897

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Education and training, Video, Lung cancer, Machine learning, Cancer detection, Performance modeling, Deep learning, Transformers

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Proceedings Article | 10 April 2023 Presentation + Paper

Vascular pattern recognition for narrow-band imaging bronchoscopy

Vahid Daneshpajooh, Cedric Dumas, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12468, 124680L (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2647150

KEYWORDS: Lung cancer, Bronchoscopy, Pattern recognition, Image classification, Cancer detection, Cancer

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Proceedings Article | 3 April 2023 Presentation + Paper

Extemporaneous airway route computation during live bronchoscopic procedures

Yuxuan He, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12466, 1246602 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2647901

KEYWORDS: Bronchoscopy, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Navigation systems, Computing systems, Video, Tumors, Robotic systems, Positron emission tomography, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 3 April 2023 Paper

Image-guided radial-probe EBUS bronchoscopy system: live study validation

Wennan Zhao, Trevor Kuhlengel, Qi Chang, Vahid Daneshpajooh, Thomas Schaer, Leslie Brewer, Rachel Hilliard, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12466, 124661O (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2648637

KEYWORDS: Animals, Cameras

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SPIE Journal Paper | 6 September 2022

Efficient procedure planning for comprehensive lymph node staging bronchoscopy

Trevor Kuhlengel, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

JMI, Vol. 9, Issue 05, 055001, (September 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.9.5.055001

KEYWORDS: Lymphatic system, Bronchoscopy, Chest, Tumors, Computed tomography, Lung cancer, Biopsy, Surgery, Lung, Databases

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Purpose: For a patient at risk of having lung cancer, accurate disease staging is vital as it dictates disease prognosis and treatment. Accurate staging requires a comprehensive sampling of lymph nodes within the chest via bronchoscopy. Unfortunately, physicians are generally unable to plan and perform sufficiently comprehensive procedures to ensure accurate disease staging. We propose a method for planning comprehensive lymph node staging procedures.Approach: Drawing on a patient’s chest CT scan, the method derives a multi-destination tour for efficient navigation to a set of lymph nodes. We formulate the planning task as a traveling salesman problem. To solve the problem, we apply the concept of ant colony optimization (ACO) to derive an efficient airway tour connecting the target nodes. The method has three main steps: (1) CT preprocessing, to define important chest anatomy; (2) graph and staging zone construction, to set up the necessary data structures and clinical constraints; and (3) tour computation, to derive the staging plan. The plan conforms to the world standard International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) lymph node map and recommended clinical staging guidelines.Results: Tests with a patient database indicate that the method derives optimal or near-optimal tours in under a few seconds, regardless of the number of target lymph nodes (mean tour length = 1.4% longer than the optimum). A brute force optimal search, on the other hand, generally cannot reach a solution in under 10 min. for patients exhibiting >16 nodes, and other methods provide poor solutions. We also demonstrate the method’s utility in an image-guided bronchoscopy system.Conclusions: The method provides an efficient computational approach for planning a comprehensive lymph node staging bronchoscopy. In addition, the method shows promise for driving an image-guided bronchoscopy system or robotics-assisted bronchoscopy system tailored to lymph node staging.

Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

Video analysis framework for lesion detection in narrow band imaging bronchoscopy

Vahid Daneshpajooh, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12036, 120360M (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2606054

KEYWORDS: Video, Bronchoscopy, Sensors, Lung cancer, Cameras, Network architectures, Motion models, Visualization, Image segmentation, Video processing

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Poster + Paper

Image-guided bronchoscopy for comprehensive lymph node staging

Trevor Kuhlengel, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12034, 120342U (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612203

KEYWORDS: Lymphatic system, 3D modeling, Lung cancer, Chest, Bronchoscopy, X-ray computed tomography, Visualization, Tumors, Computing systems, Cancer

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

Image-guided system for radial-probe endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy

Wennan Zhao, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 12034, 120340B (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612104

KEYWORDS: Bronchoscopy, Video, Visualization, Ultrasonography, Navigation systems, Chest, Computed tomography, 3D modeling, 3D acquisition, Visual process modeling

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Bronchoscopic video synchronization for interactive multimodal inspection of bronchial lesions

Qi Chang, Patrick Byrnes, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 11598, 115981V (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579931

KEYWORDS: Video, Inspection, Bronchoscopy, Cancer, Lung cancer, 3D video streaming, Visualization, Computed tomography, Chest

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Blood vessel segmentation in narrow band imaging bronchoscopic video

Saptarashmi Bandyopadhyay, Vahid Daneshpajooh, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 11600, 116001P (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579930

KEYWORDS: Video, Blood vessels, Image segmentation, Bronchoscopy, Lung cancer, Cancer, Lung

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Poster + Presentation + Paper

Super-resolution and deblurring enhancement for narrow band imaging bronchoscopy

Vahid Daneshpajooh, Saptarashmi Bandyopadhyay, Danish Ahmad, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 11596, 1159625 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2579922

KEYWORDS: Super resolution, Bronchoscopy

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation + Paper

Autonomous planning and guidance for convex-probe endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy

Vitalii Vasyliev, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 11598, 115980T (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2580180

KEYWORDS: Lymphatic system, Computing systems, Biopsy, System integration, Lung cancer, Bronchoscopy, Ultrasonography

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

Multi-destination procedure planning for comprehensive lymph node staging bronchoscopy

Trevor Kuhlengel, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 11315, 113151T (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2542851

KEYWORDS: Lung cancer, Tumors, Chest, Diagnostics, Lung, Bronchoscopy, Computed tomography, Cancer

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Lung cancer is the deadliest form of cancer. New lung cancer screening programs are currently being deployed worldwide. This increases the premium on accurate lung cancer staging as well as increasing the number of detected early-stage cancer patients. Accurate staging requires sampling lymph nodes in a sufficient number of nodal stations throughout the central chest. To this end, physicians use the world standard International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer’s (IASLC) TNM lung cancer staging model and lymph node station map. To determine the nodal stage, the physician performs a bronchoscopic lymph node staging procedure, a minimally-invasive procedure in which the physician samples lymph nodes from multiple diagnostic sites in the central chest using a bronchoscope. Image guided-bronchoscopy (IGB) systems, now a part of widely-accepted practice, greatly assist in this procedure by drawing upon information from the patient’s three-dimensional (3D) x-ray computed tomography (CT) scan. Unfortunately, even with modern IGB systems, most physicians still do not stage lung cancer in a comprehensive manner, sampling only a few nodes for each patient. Furthermore, current IGB systems do not integrate N stage information into their planning or guidance strategies, nor do they attempt to optimize procedure routes to efficiently visit multiple diagnostic sites. To bridge this gap, we propose new methods tailored to planning more comprehensive lymph node staging procedures. Specifically, our development features two interconnected contributions toward creating a computer-based planning and guidance system. First is a method for defining the nodal staging zones and automatically labeling the nodal stage value of each defined lymph node. Second, we develop a method for creating efficient multi-destination guidance plans visiting diagnostic sites throughout the central chest. We demonstrate our methods using CT image data collected from human lung cancer patients.

Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

Virtual radial-probe endobronchial ultrasound for image-guided bronchoscopy

Wennan Zhao, Rebecca Bascom, Jennifer Toth, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 11315, 113151U (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2543063

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Chest, Bronchoscopy, Biopsy, Computed tomography, Visualization, Ultrasonography, Tumors

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Proceedings Article | 8 March 2019 Paper

Guidance system development for radial-probe endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy

Wennan Zhao, Rebecca Bascom, Jennifer Toth, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 10951, 109511P (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2505827

KEYWORDS: Biopsy, Navigation systems, Ultrasonography, Bronchoscopy, Computed tomography, Chest

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Proceedings Article | 8 March 2019 Paper

Robust video-frame classification for bronchoscopy

Matthew McTaggart, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 10951, 109511Q (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2507290

KEYWORDS: Video, Bronchoscopy, Video processing, Convolutional neural networks, Specular reflections, Lung cancer, Lung

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Proceedings Article | 8 March 2019 Paper

Bronchoscopic procedure planning for systematic lymph node analysis

Trevor Kuhlengel, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 10951, 109511O (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2505788

KEYWORDS: Lymphatic system, 3D modeling, Chest, Lung cancer, Visualization, Image segmentation, Navigation systems, Computed tomography

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2018 Presentation + Paper

Optimal multimodal virtual bronchoscopy for convex-probe endobronchial ultrasound

William Higgins, Xiaonan Zang, Ronnarit Cheirsilp, Patrick Byrnes, Trevor Kuhlengel, Jennifer Toth, Rebecca Bascom

Proceedings Volume 10576, 1057618 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292099

KEYWORDS: Biopsy, Bronchoscopy, Lymphatic system, Ultrasonography, Navigation systems, Lung cancer, Chest, Tissues, Safety, Image registration

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2017 Paper

A system for endobronchial video analysis

Patrick Byrnes, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 10135, 101351Q (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254975

KEYWORDS: Video, Data modeling, Bronchoscopy, Cancer, Oncology, Visualization, Chest, Video processing, Inspection, Computed tomography

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Proceedings Article | 21 March 2016 Paper

Deformable image registration for multimodal lung-cancer staging

Ronnarit Cheirsilp, Xiaonan Zang, Rebecca Bascom, Thomas Allen, Rickhesvar P. Mahraj, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 9784, 97843Z (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2208482

KEYWORDS: Image registration, Chest, Lung cancer, Positron emission tomography, X-ray computed tomography, Diagnostics, Image processing, Computed tomography, Bronchoscopy, Image analysis, Lymphatic system, Lung, Scanners

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2016 Paper

Method for endobronchial video parsing

Patrick Byrnes, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 9786, 97861B (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2208939

KEYWORDS: Video, Endoscopy, Bronchoscopy, Motion analysis, Video processing, Lung cancer, Lung, Tissues, Natural surfaces, Motion models, Silicon, Databases, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2016 Paper

Image-guided endobronchial ultrasound

William Higgins, Xiaonan Zang, Ronnarit Cheirsilp, Patrick Byrnes, Trevor Kuhlengel, Rebecca Bascom, Jennifer Toth

Proceedings Volume 9786, 97862G (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2208771

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Bronchoscopy, Ultrasonography, Positron emission tomography, Lung cancer, Multimodal imaging, X-ray computed tomography, Image-guided intervention, In vivo imaging, Diagnostics, Video, Chest, Computed tomography

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

Multimodal system for the planning and guidance of bronchoscopy

William Higgins, Ronnarit Cheirsilp, Xiaonan Zang, Patrick Byrnes

Proceedings Volume 9415, 941508 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2077242

KEYWORDS: Navigation systems, Bronchoscopy, Positron emission tomography, Lymphatic system, Computing systems, 3D scanning, Chest, Imaging systems, Computed tomography, Laser scanners

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Proceedings Article | 20 March 2014 Paper

3D endobronchial ultrasound reconstruction and analysis for multimodal image-guided bronchoscopy

Xiaonan Zang, Rebecca Bascom, Christopher Gilbert, Jennifer Toth, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 9040, 90400X (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2036115

KEYWORDS: Video, Bronchoscopy, 3D video streaming, 3D image processing, Visualization, Navigation systems, Ultrasonography, 3D acquisition, 3D image reconstruction, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2014 Paper

3D intrathoracic region definition and its application to PET-CT analysis

Ronnarit Cheirsilp, Rebecca Bascom, Thomas Allen, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 9035, 90352J (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2037076

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, 3D image processing, Chest, Computed tomography, Lung, Positron emission tomography, X-ray computed tomography, Bromine, Bone, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2014 Paper

Construction of a multimodal CT-video chest model

Patrick Byrnes, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 9036, 903607 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2041609

KEYWORDS: Video, Bronchoscopy, Chest, 3D modeling, 3D video streaming, Data modeling, Video processing, Visualization, Volume rendering, Navigation systems

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2013 Paper

3D segmentation and reconstruction of endobronchial ultrasound

Xiaonan Zang, Mikhail Breslav, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 8675, 867505 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004901

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, 3D modeling, Bronchoscopy, 3D image processing, 3D metrology, Reconstruction algorithms, Video, Ultrasonography, Diagnostics, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 8 March 2013 Paper

Technician-free system for image-guided bronchoscopy

Rahul Khare, Rebecca Bascom, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 8671, 867101 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004880

KEYWORDS: Bronchoscopy, Navigation systems, Image registration, Video, Control systems, 3D scanning, Visualization, Lung cancer, Lung, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 28 February 2013 Paper

Multimodal 3D PET/CT system for bronchoscopic procedure planning

Ronnarit Cheirsilp, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 8670, 86702X (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004571

KEYWORDS: Positron emission tomography, Chest, 3D modeling, Visualization, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Data modeling, Lung, Bronchoscopy, Opacity

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2012 Paper

Optimization of CT-video registration for image-guided bronchoscopy

Rahul Khare, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 8316, 831636 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910911

KEYWORDS: Image registration, Light sources and illumination, Video, Image segmentation, Bronchoscopy, Printed circuit board testing, Image processing, Light, 3D modeling, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2012 Paper

Bronchoscopy guidance system based on bronchoscope-motion measurements

Duane Cornish, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 8316, 83161G (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910914

KEYWORDS: Video, Bronchoscopy, Navigation systems, Detection and tracking algorithms, Sensors, Visualization, Optical tracking, Computing systems, Lung cancer, Bayesian inference

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2012 Paper

Planning and visualization methods for effective bronchoscopic target localization

Jason Gibbs, Pinyo Taeprasarsit, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 8316, 83161H (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.910913

KEYWORDS: Biopsy, Visualization, Lymphatic system, Safety, Navigation systems, Tissues, 3D modeling, Diagnostics, 3D acquisition, Computing systems

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Proceedings Article | 14 March 2011 Paper

Robust method for extracting the pulmonary vascular trees from 3D MDCT images

Pinyo Taeprasartsit, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7962, 796237 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.876721

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Lung, 3D image processing, Bromine, Veins, Statistical analysis, Arteries, Blood vessels, Biopsy, Computer programming

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2011 Paper

Real-time method for bronchoscope motion measurement and tracking

Duane Cornish, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7964, 79640M (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.873086

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Bronchoscopy, 3D modeling, Video, Navigation systems, Computing systems, Curium, Optical sensors, Cameras, Lung

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2011 Paper

System for robust bronchoscopic video distortion correction

Brett Flood, Lav Rai, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7964, 79641L (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.876657

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Distortion, Video, Cameras, Light sources and illumination, Endoscopy, MATLAB, 3D image processing, Imaging systems, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2011 Paper

Image-based global registration system for bronchoscopy guidance

Rahul Khare, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7964, 79640I (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.873085

KEYWORDS: Bronchoscopy, Navigation systems, Visualization, Video, Image registration, Lung, Lung cancer, Cancer, Chest, Data processing

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2010 Paper

Robust extraction of the aorta and pulmonary artery from 3D MDCT image data

Pinyo Taeprasartsit, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7623, 76230H (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.839478

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Arteries, Data modeling, 3D modeling, Image segmentation, Blood vessels, Scanners, 3D image enhancement, Lung, Heart

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2010 Paper

Semi-automatic central-chest lymph-node definition from 3D MDCT images

Kongkuo Lu, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7624, 76240T (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.839515

KEYWORDS: Lymphatic system, Image segmentation, 3D image processing, Bromine, Chest, Computing systems, Chromium, Silicon, Gaussian filters, Visualization

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2010 Paper

Toward image-based global registration for bronchoscopy guidance

Rahul Khare, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7625, 762510 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.839479

KEYWORDS: Image registration, Bronchoscopy, Video, Image segmentation, Printed circuit board testing, 3D image processing, 3D modeling, Lung, Sensors, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 27 March 2009 Paper

System for definition of the central-chest vasculature

Pinyo Taeprasartsit, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7259, 725918 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.811143

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Arteries, 3D image processing, Chest, Biopsy, Veins, Computed tomography, Blood vessels, Data modeling, Tumors

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2009 Paper

Fusion of MDCT-based endoluminal renderings and endoscopic video

Lav Rai, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7261, 726107 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.808228

KEYWORDS: Video, Volume rendering, Visualization, 3D image processing, 3D modeling, 3D scanning, Bronchoscopy, Associative arrays, Video processing, Computed tomography

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2009 Paper

Improved navigation for image-guided bronchoscopy

Rahul Khare, Kun-Chang Yu, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7261, 72612J (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.811142

KEYWORDS: Navigation systems, Bronchoscopy, Video, Cameras, Visualization, Human-machine interfaces, 3D image processing, Biopsy, Image registration, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2009 Paper

Quantitative analysis of the central-chest lymph nodes based on 3D MDCT image data

Kongkuo Lu, Rebecca Bascom, Rickhesvar P. M. Mahraj, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 7260, 72600U (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.811040

KEYWORDS: Lymphatic system, 3D image processing, Chest, Databases, Image segmentation, 3D scanning, Quantitative analysis, Lung cancer, Computing systems, Cancer

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Proceedings Article | 26 March 2008 Paper

Continuous endoscopic guidance via interleaved video tracking and image-video registration

Lav Rai, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6918, 69182R (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768702

KEYWORDS: Video, Endoscopy, Endoscopes, 3D image processing, Biopsy, Computed tomography, Image registration, Video processing, Chest, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 25 March 2008 Paper

Method for radiometric calibration of an endoscope's camera and light source

Lav Rai, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6918, 691813 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768687

KEYWORDS: Endoscopes, Cameras, Endoscopy, Light sources, Calibration, Video, Vignetting, Image fusion, Tissues, Natural surfaces

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2008 Paper

Extraction and visualization of the central chest lymph-node stations

Kongkuo Lu, Scott Merritt, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6915, 69151B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768691

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Lymphatic system, Chest, Lung, 3D image processing, Computing systems, Arteries, Visualization, Lung cancer, Cancer

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Proceedings Article | 12 March 2008 Paper

Integrated system for planning peripheral bronchoscopic procedures

Jason Gibbs, Michael Graham, Kun-Chang Yu, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6916, 69160H (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768707

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Biopsy, Information technology, Chest, Lung cancer, Video, 3D image processing, Image registration, Image processing, Bronchoscopy

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2008 Paper

Robust system for human airway-tree segmentation

Michael Graham, Jason Gibbs, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6914, 69141J (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.768706

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image processing algorithms and systems, Reconstruction algorithms, Visualization, Image filtering, Lung, Nonlinear filtering, Scanners, Chest, Bronchoscopy

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2007 Paper

Method for continuous guidance of endoscopy

Scott Merritt, Lav Rai, Jason Gibbs, Kun-Chang Yu, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6511, 65110O (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.708532

KEYWORDS: Video, Endoscopy, Endoscopes, Cameras, Image registration, 3D image processing, Biopsy, Bronchoscopy, 3D displays, Natural surfaces

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Proceedings Article | 22 March 2007 Paper

3D path planning and extension for endoscopic guidance

Jason Gibbs, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6509, 65091K (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.708513

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Image segmentation, Medical imaging, Endoscopy, 3D acquisition, Chest, Diagnostics, Visualization, Bronchoscopy, Lung cancer

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2007 Paper

Method for extracting the aorta from 3D CT images

Pinyo Taeprasartsit, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6512, 65120J (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.708522

KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Model-based design, Data modeling, Image segmentation, Biopsy, Optimization (mathematics), Arteries, Lymphatic system

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2006 Paper

Real-time CT-video registration for continuous endoscopic guidance

Scott Merritt, Lav Rai, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6143, 614313 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.651695

KEYWORDS: Video, Image registration, Cameras, Bronchoscopy, 3D image processing, 3D modeling, Video processing, Image processing, Algorithm development, Lung cancer

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Proceedings Article | 10 March 2006 Paper

Improved 3D live-wire method with application to 3D CT chest image analysis

Kongkuo Lu, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6144, 61440L (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.651723

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, 3D image processing, Computed tomography, Chest, Image processing, Medical imaging, Scanners, Distributed interactive simulations, Lymphatic system, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 10 March 2006 Paper

Image-based rendering method for mapping endoscopic video onto CT-based endoluminal views

Lav Rai, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6141, 614103 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.651717

KEYWORDS: Video, Volume rendering, 3D image processing, Visualization, Associative arrays, Image registration, Lung cancer, Bronchoscopy, Image fusion, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 10 March 2006 Paper

Globally optimal model-based matching of anatomical trees

Michael Graham, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6144, 614415 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.651719

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Image segmentation, 3D modeling, Mathematical modeling, Computer programming, Computed tomography, 3D scanning, Chest, Model-based design, 3D metrology

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Modern MDCT and micro-CT scanners are able to produce high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) images of anatomical trees, such as the airway tree and the heart and liver vasculature. An important problem arising in many contexts is the matching of trees depicted in two different images. Three basic steps are used in order to match two trees: (1) image segmentation, to extract the raw trees from a given pair of 3D images; (2) axial-analysis, to define the underlying centerline structure of the trees; and (3) tree matching, to match the centerline structures of the trees. We focus on step (3). This task is complicated by several problems associated with current segmentation and axial-analysis methods, including missing branches, false branches, and other topological errors in the extracted trees. We propose a model-based approach in which the extracted trees are assumed to arise from an initially unknown common structure corrupted by a sequence of modelled topological deformations. We employ a novel mathematical framework to directly incorporate this model into the matching problem. Under this framework, it is possible to define the set of matches that are consistent with a given deformation model. The optimal match is the member of this set that maximizes a user-definable similarity measure. We present several such similarity measures based upon geometrical attributes (e.g., branch lengths, branching angles, and relative branchpoint locations as measured from the 3D image data). We locate the globally optimal match via an efficient dynamic programming algorithm. Our primary analytical result is a set of sufficient conditions on the user-definable similarity measure such that our dynamic programming algorithm is guaranteed to locate an optimal match. Experimental results have been generated for 3D human CT chest scans and micro-CT coronary arterial-tree images of mice. The resulting matches are in good agreement with correspondences defined by human experts.

Proceedings Article | 16 November 2005 Paper

System for 3D visualization and data mining of large vascular trees

Kun-Chang Yu, Erik Ritman, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 6016, 60160B (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.629899

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Visualization, Image segmentation, Data mining, Visual analytics, Surgery, 3D visualizations, Computing systems, Image processing, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 16 November 2005 Paper

3D image fusion and guidance for computer-assisted bronchoscopy

W. Higgins, L. Rai, S. Merritt, K. Lu, N. Linger, K. Yu

Proceedings Volume 6016, 60160A (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.629909

KEYWORDS: Video, Biopsy, Bronchoscopy, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Chest, Cameras, Image fusion, Lung cancer, Endoscopy

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Proceedings Article | 14 April 2005 Paper

Virtual bronchoscopy for quantitative airway analysis

Atilla Kiraly, Joseph Reinhardt, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 5746, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.595283

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Stereolithography, 3D image processing, 3D metrology, Bronchoscopy, Analytical research, Visualization, Image processing, Chest, System integration

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2004 Paper

Graphical tools for improved definition of 3D arterial trees

Kun-Chang Yu, Erik Ritman, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 5369, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.533816

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, 3D vision, 3D displays, Image processing, Image segmentation, Feature extraction, Laser scanners, 3D scanning, Visualization, Zoom lenses

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2004 Paper

CT-video registration accuracy for virtual guidance of bronchoscopy

James Helferty, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 5369, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.534125

KEYWORDS: Video, Bronchoscopy, Image registration, Computed tomography, Printed circuit board testing, Biopsy, Lung, Image processing, Chest, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 30 April 2004 Paper

Three-dimensional true color topographical analysis of the pulmonary airways

Melissa Suter, Joseph Reinhardt, Milan Sonka, William Higgins, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan

Proceedings Volume 5369, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.535316

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Computed tomography, Imaging systems, Video, Charge-coupled devices, Image segmentation, Endoscopes, Video processing, Image processing, RGB color model

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2003 Paper

Integrated bronchoscopic video tracking and 3D CT registration for virtual bronchoscopy

William Higgins, James Helferty, Dirk Padfield

Proceedings Volume 5031, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.483825

KEYWORDS: Video, Video processing, Bronchoscopy, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Image registration, Optical tracking, Detection and tracking algorithms, Electroluminescent displays, Biopsy

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Proceedings Article | 2 May 2003 Paper

Toward reliable multigenerational analysis of anatomical trees in 3D high-resolution CT images

Kun-Chang Yu, Erik Ritman, Atilla Kiraly, Shu-Yen Wan, Mair Zamir, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 5031, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.480299

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Image segmentation, Visualization, Computed tomography, Field emission displays, Error analysis, Data mining, Human-machine interfaces, Laser scanners, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 24 April 2002 Paper

3D human airway segmentation for virtual bronchoscopy

Atilla Kiraly, William Higgins, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 4683, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.463580

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, 3D image processing, Lung, Image processing algorithms and systems, Digital filtering, Computed tomography, Image filtering, Bronchoscopy, Chest, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 3 July 2001 Paper

Multigenerational analysis and visualization of large 3D vascular images

Shu-Yen Wan, Erik Ritman, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 4322, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.431155

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Image analysis, Visualization, Image processing, Statistical analysis, Visual analytics, Image visualization, 3D visualizations, Medical imaging, Lithium

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2001 Paper

Experiments in virtual-endoscopic guidance of bronchoscopy

James Helferty, Anthony Sherbondy, Atilla Kiraly, Janice Turlington, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 4321, (2001) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.428127

KEYWORDS: Video, Biopsy, Bronchoscopy, Computed tomography, 3D image processing, Endoscopy, Image segmentation, Biological research, Endoscopes, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 20 April 2000 Paper

Heterogeneity of coronary arterial branching geometry

Shu-Yen Wan, Denise Reyes, William Higgins, Erik Ritman

Proceedings Volume 3978, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.383435

KEYWORDS: Arteries, 3D image processing, Heart, X-rays, Veins, Charge-coupled devices, Fractal analysis, X-ray sources, Image segmentation, X-ray imaging

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Past measurements of arterial branching geometry have indicated that the branching geometry is somewhat consistent with an optimal trade-off between the work needed to build and maintain the arterial tree and the work needed to operate the tree as a transport system. The branching geometry is also consistent with the mechanism that acutely adjusts the lumen diameter by way of maintaining a constant shear stress by dilating (or constricting) the arteries via the nitric oxide mechanism. However, those observations also indicate that there is considerable variation about the predicted optimization, both within any one individual and between individuals. Possible causes for this variation include: (1) measurement noise -- both due to the imprecision of the method but also the preparation of the specimen for applying the measurement technique, (2) the fact that the measurement task presents a major logistic problem, which increases as the vessel size decreases (but the number of branches correspondingly doubles at each branching) and results in progressive under-sampling as the vessel size decreases, (3) because of the logistic task involved the number of arterial trees analyzed is also greatly limited, and (4) there may indeed be actual heterogeneity in the geometry which is due to slight variation in implementation of the 'rules' used to construct a vascular tree. Indeed, it is this latter possibility that is of considerable physiological interest as it could result in the observed heterogeneity of organ perfusion and also provide some insight into the relative importance of 'initial ' conditions (i.e., how the vascular tree initially develops during embryogenesis) and the adaptive mechanisms operative in the maturing individual. The use of micro-CT imaging to provide 3D images of the intact vascular tree within the intact organ overcomes or minimizes the logistic problems listed above. It is the purpose of this study to examine whether variability in the branching geometry is constant over the length of an artery or whether this progressively amplifies along the length of the artery.

Proceedings Article | 20 April 2000 Paper

Virtual bronchoscopic approach for combining 3D CT and endoscopic video

Anthony Sherbondy, Atilla Kiraly, Allen Austin, James Helferty, Shu-Yen Wan, Janice Turlington, Tao Yang, Chao Zhang, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 3978, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.383389

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Video, Computed tomography, Bronchoscopy, Visualization, Chest, X-ray computed tomography, Endoscopy, Biopsy, 3D scanning

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Proceedings Article | 18 April 2000 Paper

Improved techniques for fast sliding thin-slab volume visualization

Janice Turlington, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 3976, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.383033

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Tissues, Visualization, Image processing, Computed tomography, Bone, 3D scanning, Volume visualization, Chest, Visual process modeling

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 December 1999

Dynamic template-based method for three-dimensional virtual-endoscopic exploration

Martin Brady, Krishnan Ramaswamy, Srinivasan Rajagopalan, William Higgins

OE, Vol. 38, Issue 12, (December 1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.602325

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Endoscopy, Optical engineering, Video, Opacity, Volume rendering, Navigation systems, Bronchoscopy, Virtual reality, Transparency

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 September 1999

Designing multiple Gabor filters for multitexture image segmentation

Thomas Weldon, William Higgins

OE, Vol. 38, Issue 09, (September 1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.602196

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image filtering, Error analysis, Optical filters, Optical engineering, Statistical analysis, Gaussian filters, Wavelets, Image classification, Image compression

Proceedings Article | 20 May 1999 Paper

Template-based approach for virtual endoscopic navigation

Martin Brady, William Higgins, Krishnan Ramaswamy

Proceedings Volume 3660, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349594

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Navigation systems, Endoscopy, Computing systems, Opacity, Volume rendering, Virtual reality, Volume visualization, Endoscopes, Transparency

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 1999 Paper

Virtual bronchoscopic assessment of major airway obstructions

Geoffrey McLennan, Eric Hoffman, Roderick Swift, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 3660, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349601

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Computed tomography, Bronchoscopy, 3D modeling, Spine, Chest, Stereoscopy, Tumors, Silicon, 3D displays

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Proceedings Article | 20 May 1999 Paper

Extraction and analysis of large vascular networks in 3D micro-CT images

Shu-Yen Wan, Erik Ritman, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 3660, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.349602

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Image segmentation, Image processing, 3D metrology, 3D scanning, Liver, Image filtering, X-ray computed tomography, Computed tomography, Laser scanners

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Proceedings Article | 3 July 1998 Paper

Automatic axis generation for 3D virtual-bronchoscopic image assessment

Roderick Swift, William Higgins, Eric Hoffman, Geoffrey McLennan, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 3337, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312590

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Optical spheres, 3D modeling, Image segmentation, Navigation systems, Spherical lenses, Computed tomography, Information operations, Image analysis, Bronchoscopy

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Proceedings Article | 26 June 1998 Paper

Coherence-based dynamic navigation for virtual endoscopy

Krishnan Ramaswamy, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 3335, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312517

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Endoscopy, Volume rendering, Zinc, Endoscopes, 3D displays, Lawrencium, Argon, Lithium, Navigation systems

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 February 1998

Paradigm for shape-based image analysis

Joseph Reinhardt, William Higgins

OE, Vol. 37, Issue 02, (February 1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.601857

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image processing, Image analysis, 3D image processing, Lung, Optical engineering, Heart, Solids, Optical components, Shape analysis

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 April 1997

Extracting halftones from printed documents using texture analysis

Dennis Dunn, Thomas Weldon, William Higgins

OE, Vol. 36, Issue 04, (April 1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.601289

KEYWORDS: Halftones, Photography, Image segmentation, Optical filters, Image filtering, Bandpass filters, Fourier transforms, Optical engineering, Signal processing, Eye

SPIE Journal Paper | 1 October 1996

Gabor filter design for multiple texture segmentation

Thomas Weldon, William Higgins, Dennis Dunn

OE, Vol. 35, Issue 10, (October 1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.600971

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Optical filters, Image filtering, Error analysis, Statistical analysis, Fourier transforms, Optical engineering, Solids, Gaussian filters, Optimal filtering

Proceedings Article | 16 April 1996 Paper

Distributed system for processing multidimensional radiological images

William Higgins, Roderick Swift

Proceedings Volume 2710, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237994

KEYWORDS: Image processing, 3D image processing, Surgery, Sun, Image segmentation, Medical imaging, Image filtering, Distributed computing, Binary data, Parallel computing

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Proceedings Article | 16 April 1996 Paper

Endoscopic exploration and measurement in 3D radiological images

Krishnan Ramaswamy, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 2710, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237954

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Endoscopy, 3D metrology, Image segmentation, Computing systems, Navigation systems, Endoscopes, Arteries, Visualization, 3D vision

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Proceedings Article | 8 April 1996 Paper

Semiautomatic 4D analysis of cardiac image sequences

William Higgins, Andrien Wang, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 2709, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.237878

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Image analysis, 3D image processing, Biopsy, Heart, Image processing, Medical imaging, Image enhancement, Binary data, Distance measurement

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Proceedings Article | 9 September 1994 Paper

Semiautomatic construction of 3D medical image-segmentation processes

William Higgins, Joseph Reinhardt, Werner Sharp

Proceedings Volume 2359, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.185216

KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, 3D image processing, Image processing, Surgery, Image filtering, Copper, Biopsy, Medical imaging, 3D metrology, Computing systems

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Proceedings Article | 11 May 1994 Paper

Nonlinear filtering approach to grayscale interpolation of 3D medical images

William Higgins, Brian Ledell

Proceedings Volume 2167, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.175062

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, Image filtering, Nonlinear filtering, Image processing, Adaptive optics, Convolution, Medical imaging, Information operations, 3D modeling, Linear filtering

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1994 Paper

Graphical user interface system for 3D medical image analysis

William Higgins, Werner Sharp, M. Hansen, Joseph Reinhardt

Proceedings Volume 2164, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.174045

KEYWORDS: 3D image processing, 3D displays, Image analysis, Image processing, Copper, Medical imaging, 3D metrology, Visualization, Biopsy, Human-machine interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 22 October 1993 Paper

Flexible search-based approach for morphological shape decomposition

Joseph Reinhardt, William Higgins

Proceedings Volume 2094, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.157901

KEYWORDS: Chemical elements, Mathematical morphology, Shape analysis, Image compression, Binary data, Image processing, Error analysis, Computer programming, Aluminum, Chlorine

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 1993 Paper

Interactive relaxation labeling for 3D cardiac image analysis

William Higgins, M. Hansen, Werner Sharp

Proceedings Volume 1905, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.148692

KEYWORDS: Biopsy, 3D image processing, Image segmentation, Medical imaging, Image analysis, Image processing, Silicon, Tissues, Information operations, Ions

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1992 Paper

Determining Gabor-filter parameters for texture segmentation

Dennis Dunn, William Higgins, Joseph Wakeley

Proceedings Volume 1826, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.131586

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1991 Paper

Texture boundary classification using Gabor elementary functions

Dennis Dunn, William Higgins, Anthony Maida, Joseph Wakeley

Proceedings Volume 1606, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.50388

KEYWORDS: Image filtering, Image processing, Image segmentation, Fourier transforms, Visual communications, Sensors, Spatial frequencies, Image classification, Machine vision, Visual process modeling

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 1991 Paper

Automatic analysis system for three-dimensional angiograms

William Higgins, Wolfgang Spyra, Ronald Karwoski, Erik Ritman

Proceedings Volume 1445, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.45225

KEYWORDS: Arteries, Angiography, 3D image processing, Image segmentation, Visualization, Image processing, Human-machine interfaces, 3D scanning, Image filtering, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 1 May 1990 Paper

3-D image-enhancement technique for volumetric cardiac images

William Higgins, Erik Ritman

Proceedings Volume 1245, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.19551

KEYWORDS: Digital filtering, 3D image processing, Image filtering, Nonlinear filtering, Image processing, Image enhancement, 3D image enhancement, X-ray imaging, X-rays, Biomedical optics

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Showing 5 of 96 publications

Proceedings Volume Editor (1)

SPIE Conference Volume | 1 May 1990

Biomedical Image Processing

Conference Committee Involvement (34)