We present a theoretical proposal for an EP sensor utilizing a grating waveguide structure made up of silicon nitride(Si3N4). EPs are singularities where eigenfrequencies as well as eigenvectors coalesce. EP singularities demonstrate extraordinary sensitivity to small perturbations. Unlike conventional systems that respond linearly to perturbations, EP singularities exhibit square root dependence on small perturbations. Employing a finite element method-based numerical simulation using Comsol Multiphysics, we calculate the eigenspectrum of our structure. To confirm the presence of the EP, we examine the intensity profile along the grating, which exhibits a polynomial trend, contrary to the typical exponential behavior expected in lossy media. Moreover, we showcase the practical application of our optimized design by developing an ultrahigh sensitive refractive index sensor, capitalizing on the unique physics associated with EPs.
Van der Waals materials, with their unique properties, have significantly advanced research in integrated photonics. Among these materials, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) stands out for its optically and electronically desirable characteristics, including on-chip integration, availability, and manipulability. Particularly noteworthy are hBN's colour centres, which serve as single photon emitters in the UV and visible spectrums, essential for quantum communication and computing applications. Enhancing and controlling the emission wavelengths and quality is crucial. Plasmonic cavities, a common method for emission enhancement, are utilized in our study, employing plasmonic nanocones to investigate both the enhancement and the variability in emission wavelength. Our observations reveal a power dependence in emitter quenching. We substantiate our findings by comparing results from unstrained hBN without plasmonic enhancement with simulations. Additionally, we discuss the impact of gold emission on the quality of these emitters, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms at play.
Silicon nitride (SiN) has emerged as a promising platform for the development of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) covering a wide range of application areas from the visible to the infrared regime. Optical microcavity has evolved to be a highly versatile component in PICs, enabling the development of various disciplines, including lasers, filters, sensors, tele/data communication, and quantum technologies. SiN microring resonators are particularly compatible with already established micro or nanofabrication protocols and display useful properties, such as ultra-compactness, low loss, and planar nature. In this work, we have demonstrated the hybrid nanophotonic chip modeling, nanofabrication, two-dimensional semiconductor (TMDC) integration, and chip testing of high-Q ultra-compact SiN microring resonators supporting the Terahertz (THz) free spectral range (FSR) cavity modes at the visible wavelength. Counterpart, the monolithic integration of solid-state color centers with photonic elements of the same material is a promising approach to overcome the constraints of fabrication complexity and coupling losses in traditional hybrid integration approaches. We have engineered a novel
Atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have garnered tremendous attention from researchers owing to their distinct electrical and optical properties. Improving the photoluminescence of these two-dimensional atomic semiconductors is imperative for their seamless integration into photonic and optoelectronic devices. Concurrently, the advent of two-dimensional materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides has ushered in opportunities within the realm of valleytronics. Valleytronics endeavors to exploit valley degrees of freedom for information processing, mirroring the principles of spin-based spintronics and charge-based electronics. Notably, these materials demonstrate a unique spin-valley locking mechanism, thereby enabling modulation of the electronic valley degree of freedom through light. In the present study, we fabricated cost-effective nanocone structures via colloidal lithography and subsequently integrated them with a monolayer of WSe2. Through this methodology, we amplified both the photoluminescence and valley polarization enhancement of the WSe2 monolayer by harnessing plasmonic hotspots.
Radiative losses in nanophotonic devices are a fundamental challenge in their miniaturization. Plasmonic metals overcome the radiation losses, but high ohmic losses hinder the optical performance. Supercavity modes, also known as quasi-bound states in the continuum (BIC), help circumvent this problem. In this work, we propose a low refractive index 2D-periodic array of slotted disk that supports symmetry protected BIC and accidental BIC at off-gamma point. This BIC point is very fascinating to study the exciton-cavity interaction. To study the exciton-cavity, TMDCs have the great potential to generate the exciton. This exciton is coupled with BIC mode to generate the polariton state in a strong coupling region.
Conventional sensing techniques including electrochemical, voltammetric, colorimetry, and non-enzymatic are widely used for the detection of chronic diseases. However, such techniques suffer from poor selectivity, complexity, low sensitivity, monofunctional, and expensive development procedures, which limits its widespread and accessibility across the medical field. Replacing these techniques with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based optical sensors can be much more beneficial as these are real-time, label-free devices, highly reproducible, cheap, and hold higher sensitivity to changes in the refractive index of samples. The plasmonic nanoparticles like - Ag, Au and Cu are highly sensitive to their local environment and undergoes spectral response due to their strong scattering or absorption. The easy monitoring of these light signals paves the way for its utilization in the sensor market. This work studies the influence of morphology of Au on optical tapered fibers for sensing applications.
The presence of a vertical component to the transition dipole moment in interlayer excitons, which suppresses electron-hole overlap, results in longer radiative lifetimes as compared to intralayer excitons. Such tightly bound interlayer excitons well-suited candidates for valley-based quantum information processing applications. Their optical accessibility is, however, limited due to their out-of-plane transition dipole moment. We first design a system to strengthen the coupling of interlayer excitons in two-dimensional (2D) material heterostructures with Purcell enhanced out-of-plane resonant modes of a Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) resonator at room temperature. The high quantum confinement of light in a small modal volume and high Q-factor allow a much stronger coupling of these excitons to the electromagnetic field. We then discuss how to engineer an asymmetric transmission of light from these excitons, which facilitates readout from such systems. We also present our attempts to experimentally demonstrate the valley selective separation and routing of interlayer excitons in the MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayer stack of TMDCs material by integrating on a planar silicon nitride (SiN) bus-waveguide coupled with a microring resonator (MRR).
Atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have fascinated researchers due to their unique electronic and optical properties. The control of exciton-trion dynamics in two-dimensional semiconductors is critical for their application in optoelectronic devices. One way to engineer the exciton-trion dynamics is by applying strain in the monolayers of these two-dimensional materials using nanostructured substrates. Here we demonstrate a versatile route to engineering the exciton-trion dynamics in monolayer WSe2 by applying biaxial strain. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanocone array decorated by thin gold film and fabricated via colloidal lithography is used to create the strain in the superposed monolayer. To distinguish the effect of strain and plasmonics, we compare our results on the nanocone surface with the one for monolayer WSe2 on a plane gold film.
Non-Hermitian systems with varying loss-gain profiles are receiving significant attention due to their exotic behavior at a certain point called the exceptional point (EP). EPs are singularities of non-Hermitian systems where the eigenfrequencies as well as the associated eigenstates coalesce. These EP singularities are ultrasensitive to small perturbations. A conventional system follows a linear relation with perturbation whereas these singularities follow a square root dependence for small perturbations.
Large-area nano-patterned surfaces invoking hydrophobicity hold great significance for Surface Enhanced RamanSpectroscopy or SERS substrates. Conventionally, these structures are fabricated using state-of-the-art litho-graphic techniques. These techniques while being efficient, are complex and are cost-ineffective. Here, we report a low-cost, facile and scalable solution for fabrication of periodic array of metallic nanocones using colloidal lithography and reactive ion etching process. Nanocone array coated with gold thin film serves as a hydrophobicsurface with plasmonic properties. Hydrophobicity on the cones helps to keep the analyte molecule localized near the tip of nanocones where, due to plasmonic behavior of metal thin film i.e. field enhancement by the metal gives rise to significant SERS. We validate this concept through our fabricated substrate via detection ofRhodamine 6G molecules using Raman spectroscopy and report the limit of detection upto 1 nM.
Far-infrared wavelength range (30μ- 1000μm) is an important spectral region for several applications such as thermal imaging, chemical sensing, astronomical imaging, among others. Therefore, miniaturization of far infrared (FIR) optical devices is of great technological interest. Recently, anisotropic 2D van der Waals crystals have garnered substantial attention for potential applications in the area of visible to mid-infrared (MIR) photonics. However, these materials have been relatively less explored for their applications in FIR spectral region for photonic devices. Molybdenum Trioxide (α-MoO3) - a member of the van der Waals semiconductor family exhibits strong in-plane anisotropy, using which one can engineer the polarization state of the incident light - a property highly relevant for photonic device applications. As example device applications, in this work we investigate the potential of α-MoO3 for two optical components in the FIR spectral region (265 cm-1-360 cm-1), i.e. polarizer and waveplates. We evaluate the performance metrics of our proposed FIR polarizer system using a theoretical model and predict a large extinction ratio (> 30 dB). Secondly we optimize the thickness of α-MoO3 for waveplate application. Our theoretical analysis will pave the way for the development of efficient thin-film based photonic devices for FIR spectral region.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.