The monthly precipitation and temperature data,soil moisture data and NDVI data from 1981 to 2010 in Eastern Gansu were used to analyze the temperature, precipitation, soil moisture and drought change in this area. The results show that: 1) The climate in Eastern Gansu appeared a significant warming trend, and the temperature increase was extremely significant in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Among them, the spring temperature increase was the largest with the rate of 0.82 °C/10a. 2) The annual precipitation has experienced a process of high-low-high in the past 30 years. Among them precipitation in spring continued to decrease, while other seasons showed increase tendency in the 21st century after a decline in the last 10 years of the 20th century. 3) The soil moisture in the whole layer (10-100cm) in spring showed a significant downward trend, especially in the surface layer. During the growth season, the water storage capacity of the whole layer of soil decreased significantly. 4) The frequency and extent of drought events in Eastern Gansu experienced a change of low-high-low process. The lowest period of drought occurred in the 1980s and the highest period occurred in the 1990s. The frequency and extent in the first 10 years of this century declined. 5) The spring drought occurred most frequently and strongest intensity in the past 30a. AVI has a good consistency with CI and soil moisture on the monitoring of drought process, but the volatility is higher.
The spacing of Gansu Province from the eastern to western regions is very large and adjacent to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. On the one hand, Agriculture in western area is irrigated rather than non-irrigated agriculture in eastern area. On the other hand, elevation where adjacent to the Tibetan Plateau is much higher than other places. In this study, remote sensing drought indices, such as temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI), vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), perpendicular drought index (PDI), and modified perpendicular drought index (MPDI), were calculated using historical MODIS data. The applicability of these remote sensing indices was preliminarily studied by comparing the Relative Soil Moisture (RSM) of the sites. Results showed that:1) In whole area, irrigated areas and high-altitude areas, the remote sensing indices have different degree of indication for the spatial distribution of RSM in the superficial layer in spring, summer, and autumn. Among them, TVDI has the best indication, followed by VCI and TCI, and PDI and MPDI have very limited indication. But TVDI has no indication in May in irrigated areas at all. 2) None of them can indicate the temporal variation characteristics of the RSM in the irrigated areas, and TVDI and TCI based on the surface temperature can indicate the temporal variation of the 10 and 20 cm-deep RSM in the high-altitude areas. In general, TVDI is a good indicator for RSM in the superficial layer in Gansu Province during spring, summer, and autumn.
Radarsat-2 Synthetic Aperature Radar (SAR) remote sensing data were used to record soil surface moisture and evaluate
the utility of a cross polarization (VV/VH) combination. Studies were conducted at Dingxi, in the semi-arid region of the
Loess Plateau, China. We combined these data with MODIS optical data, used a Water-Cloud model to correct for the
influence of vegetation, and then estimated the soil moisture under crop cover. For bare surfaces, the value of the cross
polarization combination model was highly correlated to the measurement of soil moisture at 10~20 cm depth (R=0.75,
P<0.01). The correlations between estimated values and the measured soil moisture at 0~10 cm and 20~30 cm depths
were lower but still significant (R=0.47 and R=0.52, respectively, P<0.05). For soil surfaces covered with vegetation the
model significantly underestimated soil moisture. After vegetation removal, the correlation coefficient increased from
0.30 to 0.70, the standard deviation decreased from 4.99 to 3.05, and the accuracy of the soil moisture model improved.
Most soil moisture readings in the study area were 10~30% and these were consistent with the actual field moisture
levels. Improving the accuracy of soil moisture readings in agricultural fields using optical and microwave remote
sensing data will promote increased use of this technology.
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