Achieving a decarbonized energy sector by 2050 will require the development of cost-effective technologies beyond today’s commercial concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) technologies. Achieving the 2030 target will depend heavily on reducing the cost of heliostats, while improving technical performance. There are several opportunities for metrology, in addressing heliostat optical error, thus increasing the overall heliostat efficiency. In addition, opportunities in reducing the costs of manufacturing, assembly, calibration, or operations & maintenance exists.

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David Haas, "An introduction to heliostats and their role in concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP)," Proc. SPIE PC13132, Nonimaging Optics: Efficient Design for Illumination and Concentration XIX, PC131320E (Presented at Optical Engineering + Applications: August 20, 2024; Published: 2 October 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030312.b0ab50e5-40e2-ee11-a9a1-00505691c5e1.