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Laser-induced cavitation fascinates because it involves a sequence of nonlinear interactions (plasma formation, shock wave emission, and bubble dynamics) but the experimental investigation is challenging due to the large range of spatial and temporal scales. We imaged laser and bubble interactions with a solid target during laser ablation in liquids in side view using a water immersion microscope objective with high numerical aperture. For stroboscopic and high-speed imaging, femtosecond laser pulses were coupled into a multimode fiber. With optimized fiber length, spatial mode scrambling provides speckle-free illumination that enabled us to freeze bubble and shock wave dynamics at diffraction-limited resolution.
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Norbert Linz, Sebastian Freidank, Lei Fu, Xiao-Xuan Liang, Alfred Vogel, "Stroboscopic and high-speed imaging of shock wave and bubble dynamics in laser-induced ablation in liquids," Proc. SPIE PC12840, Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXXV, PC1284004 (13 March 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3000853