International standards for Olive Oil (OO) analysis face challenges, especially with the rampant adulteration of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). As demands grow for innovative methods beyond conventional techniques, VIS + NIRS spectroscopy emerges prominently. This study postulates enhanced efficacy through integrating VIS + NIRS with Fluorescence spectroscopy. Addressing challenges like instrument optimization and data security is paramount. Our research evaluates a hand-held multi-mode spectroscopy system combining fluorescence and reflectance. Employing three prototypes, we analyzed EVOO, VOO, and LOO categories. Results, compared against a benchtop instrument, provide insights into tackling EVOO adulteration through advanced spectral sensing.
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