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We report the results from proton and gamma ray radiation testing of HgCdTe avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays
developed by Leonardo DRS for space lidar receivers. The devices were tested with ~60 MeV protons up to 100 krad(Si)
without the read-out integrated circuit (ROIC) and 30 krad(Si) with the ROIC. We also measured the transient responses
with the device fully powered and the APD gain set to >1000. The detectors output a large current impulse in response to
each proton hit, which could saturate the ROIC but recovered within 1 μs. The APD dark currents increased linearly with
the proton dose. The quantum efficiency and APD gain decreased slightly with dose. The dark currents due to the radiation
damage went up many times after the devices were warmed to room temperature and cooled to 80K again. The radiation
damage was found to completely anneal after baking the device at 85°C or higher. These results showed the HgCdTe APD
arrays are suitable for use in space lidar for typical Earth orbiting and planetary missions provided that provisions are made
to heat the detector chip to 85°C when the system performance is impacted.
Xiaoli Sun,James B. Abshire,Jean-Marie Lauenstein,William Sullivan III,Jeff Beck, andJohn E. Hubbs
"Evaluation of space radiation effects on HgCdTe avalanche photodiode arrays for Lidar applications", Proc. SPIE 10624, Infrared Technology and Applications XLIV, 106240G (31 May 2018); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304601
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Xiaoli Sun, James B. Abshire, Jean-Marie Lauenstein, William Sullivan III, Jeff Beck, John E. Hubbs, "Evaluation of space radiation effects on HgCdTe avalanche photodiode arrays for Lidar applications," Proc. SPIE 10624, Infrared Technology and Applications XLIV, 106240G (31 May 2018); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304601