This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10846 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.

Small scale Readout Integrated Circuit (ROIC) still remain application requirements because of its lower cost, lower power and smaller structure size. A 128×128 format flexible small pixel ROIC was promoted in this paper. In the 30μm pitch pixel, an integration capacitance high to 2.1pF was realized, so the input charge handling ability can reach to 47 Million electrons. The ROIC can work in both integrate-then-read (ITR) and integrate-while-read (IWR) mode, which is decided by the integration signal. A serial data is used to realize some flexible functions, such as fixed windows select, output number select, anti-blooming and the detector bias voltage adjust. A 64×64 fixed window is selectable combined with the complete 128×128 array. Single output or two outputs can be selected for higher frame rate. By the means of the built-in digital to analog converter (DAC) circuits, the detector bias voltage can be changed from -600mV to 100mV. Some digital control methods are promoted to reduce the power consumption of the whole ROIC.

To a high resolution digital camera which works in visible light and is on the space-based platform flying in 500 km orbit, analyzed the principle of image acquisition, established the collinear equation and target location model from the system measured the pose of camera and single image without control points, and researched the method to calculate the geographic coordinate of target point. Analyzed the consisted factors of target location accuracy, and generated the formula for calculating target location accuracy based on the accuracy theory. For the cameras working in this mode, gave the elements of orientation and the parameters of camera, then obtained the target location accuracy is 16.1 meter through the simulation analysis to the model. The analysis to the target location accuracy provides a theoretical base for the practical use of the space camera. Analyzed the impact of the camera parameters and operation mode on the location accuracy, and put forward some measures to improve the target location accuracy.

In this paper, subjective and objective image quality evaluation algorithms are reviewed, and point out the disadvantages of these algorithms. Aim at infrared image and human visual system, a non-reference image quality objective evaluation algorithm based on neural network is proposed, which is optimized from histogram, information entropy and wavelet transform algorithms. According to NIIRS, the algorithm is optimized after a lot of machine study works have been done. The experiment results are very similar with the results from NIIRS, a fast algorithm for image quality evaluation is implemented.

Based on the polarization period of 11.73um magnesium-oxide-doped lithium niobate (MgO: PPLN) Crystal, frequency up-conversion of continuous-wave (CW) 1559.5nm signal light has been demonstrated. It is pumped with an actively Qswitched diode-pumped Nd: YAG laser at 1064nm in micro cavity scheme. When operating at the temperature of 110.3 °C, the wavelength of output light is 632.5nm, and the maximum energy conversion efficiency is 1.1×10^-4. The change of the output light characteristic as the operating temperature varies is studied, and the beam quality of the output laser is also analyzed.

In free space optical communication links, due to the fast divergence of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam, the issue of aperture mismatch is very common. However, in order to realize the aperture adaptation, this problem can be solved by introducing a defocusing double-lens-system at transmitter-side to control the transmitting beam divergence. In this paper, the expression for equivalent radius of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams through defocusing double-lens-systems after a certain propagation distance is derived using Collins' diffraction integral formula. The expression of defocus distance with a determined transformation beam size is also derived. We numerically analyze how the defocus distance changes with OAM modes, transmitting beam size and transmission distance in free space. The calculating results show that the divergence of high-order OAM-beams in free space transmission can be effectively restrained by setting proper defocus distance to realize the aperture adaptation at the receiver. The results also show that defocus distance decreases with topological charge number, transmitting beam size or transmission distance increasing when equivalent focal length is smaller than transmission distance. When equivalent focal length is larger than transmission distance, defocus distance increases with increasing topological charge number or transmitted beam size and decreases with increasing transmission distance, in the meanwhile the smaller the ratio of equivalent radius of OAM beam at the receiver to the transmitted beam size is, the larger the required defocus distance for same OAM modes is. This paper will be beneficial to the parameters choosing for the OAM-FSO communication system.

We use dynamic scanning laser detection methods to improve the traditional static gaze, and propose a new type of laser proximity detection method based on optical circumferential scanning technology. We optimize the optical structure of laser proximity detection system and design a set of multi-level optical focusing plastic lens. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional single-stage focusing lens, the brightness of center irradiation is enhanced by nearly 10 times. The experimental results show that the system can effectively realize proximity 360° circumferential detection, increase the echo energy of pulsed laser and enhance the detection range.

Hyperspectral remote sensing images contain not only spatial information, but also abundant spectral information, which are widely used in the field of space-spectrum joint target detection. Unlike other target detection algorithms, the anomaly detection doesn’t require any prior knowledge, and can effectively identify the pixels that stand out from the cluttered backgrounds in high spectral images. At the same time, compared with the background objects, the abnormal target is composed of sub-pixels and has distinctive spectral characteristics. In this paper, a new anomaly target detection algorithm based on Laplace of Gaussian (LoG) operator is proposed to solve the problem that spatial information is not fully utilized and the real-time detection capability is not strong. Firstly, the algorithm uses the LoG operator to obtain the target detection results under different bands with analyzing the spatial characteristics of the anomaly, combined with the blob detection theory which is widely used in the field of the image recognition field. The results are finished by the spatial filtering, which highlights the anomaly and effectively suppress the background. Then, a Boolean map-based fusion approach and morphological expansion theory is used to synthesize the detection results of different bands. In the end, the real AVIRIS Imagery and HYDICE Imagery are used for simulation, and the results show that the algorithm is with strong robustness, high detection probability and low false alarm rate.

Due to the impact of urban lighting in low illumination environment, the images that collected by the low illumination sensor may appear “local saturation” phenomenon. When the traditional image sensor captures high dynamic range (HDR) of the sense, either the brighter part of the generated image is over exposure that may lost many details, or the dark part of the generated image is underexposure which cannot be resolved. In order to overcome this problem, it makes a research on the dual channel monochrome scientific complementary metal oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) sensor, which can generate both a high gain (HG) channel image and a low gain (LG) channel image in a same frame exposure. Take the way of image fusion by using these two images; it can get the HDR image in low illumination environment. Comparing with the traditional image sensor, the dynamic range of dual channel monochrome sCMOS sensor is obviously extended. The scheme based on dual channel sCMOS can effectively conquer the defects of low dynamic range bring by traditional image sensor, and it can overcome the problem of insufficient real time performance due to multiframe exposure. For dual channel sCMOS has the features of HDR, it can operate at a lower illuminative condition and will have a wide application area.

Six-light-screen vertical target is an ideal equipment for the projectile flight parameter measurement of the rapid-fire weapon, the light-screen-array model of this kind of equipment is mainly divided into double V shaped and double N shaped, which build different light-screen structure in the space respectively. By recording the time that the projectile reaching each light-screen, and combining with the known spatial structure of the lightscreen array, the flight parameter of projectiles can be measured. Due to the measuring formula is determined by the light-screen-array model, the error influencing factors are considered under different model, and the influence of each factors were analyzed in the selected target plane, respectively. The error distribution were compared under the same condition of each error influencing factors. Then the combined error are calculated and the combined error distribution in the 1m×1m target plane were estimated. The research can provide a useful reference for error analysis in practice, and provide new ideas for improving the measurement precision of rapid-fire weapons.

Synthetic aperture laser radar (inverse) combines the technology of laser radar with synthetic aperture, which has high imaging resolution, strong anti-interference, and good concealment. Due to the short laser wavelength and fast imaging time, the tiny vibrations of the moving target may achieve the target inverse synthetic aperture (range -Doppler) imaging in a very short time, which increases identification characteristics compared to the traditional optical remote point target detection and recognition; it reduces the complexity of data processing compared to radar, and optical imaging is easier to understand. Therefore, synthetic aperture laser radar has the advantages of both optics and radar, and has attracted more and more attention in long-distance target detection and recognition. Since 1960's, MIT Lincoln Laboratory has conducted research on the long-range target tracking and identification using laser radar. In this paper, the micro-motion feature extraction and recognition method for inverse synthetic aperture laser radar after target imaging is studied. The target images of different micro-motion form are analyzed by range-Doppler imaging model, and the geometric features of the target are extracted by the optical target segmentation algorithm. The Hough transform theory is used to extract the characteristics of the micro-motion period, and the micro-motion angle is inversed through the change of the target geometric features. The simulation test in field shows that this method can effectively extract the micro-motion characteristics of the target and lay a foundation for the micro-motion target recognition of synthetic aperture laser radar.

This study proposes a complex design for the recovery of the line shape function of gas absorption spectrum. Laser power passing through trace gas is divided into real-time and delayed components, and the difference between them, regarded as equivalent to the first-order derivative spectrum, is recorded and integrated to reconstruct the absorption line profile. As the real-time and delayed signals are derived from the same gas cell and photo detector, the elimination of the background is more convenient and effective than in the generally used double-beam detection that involves two gas cells and photo detectors. Compared with the first harmonic detection used in wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS), the generation of the derivative spectrum is achieved without modulating the injection current of the laser. Moreover, the expensive lock-in amplifier in WMS is replaced by a simply designed device composed of an all-pass filter and an instrumentation amplifier. Complexity and cost are thus reduced significantly, and stability improves. For system validation, the absorption spectroscopy of ammonia from 4986.5 cm^-1 to 4987.5 cm^-1 was recovered, and the obtained data agreed well with the theoretical calculations.

In this paper, we report on the utilization of a novel background-free method for trace gas sensing. The classical combination of wavelength modulation spectroscopy and phase sensitive detection is replaced by a balanced amplified photodetector based differential detection system. Through a beam splitter, the transmitted laser beam from the gas medium is divided into the real-time and delayed branches. An optic fiber delay line is introduced to create a time-delay between the separated branches, and the following differential detection yields the derivative of absorption spectrum that is equivalent to the first harmonic in wavelength modulation spectroscopy. Via this straight-forward approach, the quantitative analysis of gas is performed in the absence of the background which is caused by optical intensity modulation. The gas sensor is validated using ammonia and nitrogen mixture in a laboratory controlled environment (296 K in temperature and 1.01×10⁵ Pa in total pressure), and yielding a detection limit of 6.4 ppm for ammonia. Experimental result shows the accuracy and potential utility of this gas sensor for industrial applications.

In order to solve the problem that the conventional optical system can not be placed apart in different areas, fiber bundle imaging optical system is needed. With a flexible fiber bundle, the detection target can be imaged onto the sensor. This paper uses a fiber bundle with φ8mm, length 50mm, resolution 30lp/mm, hexagonal arrangement, and 0.3 numerical aperture as the main component. The front objective and rear magnifying optical system of the optical system are designed. It provides a complete imaging solution for fiber bundle imaging. Through the glass fitting of the designed optical system, the results show that the field of view of the system can reach 35°, the numerical aperture of the front objective is 0.29, the numerical aperture of the rear optical system is 0.3，.the modular transfer function of the front objective lens can reach 0.38 in 30 lp/mm,, and the modular transfer function of the rear magnifying optical system can reach 0.65 in 30 lp/mm,. It meets the requirements of field of view, numerical aperture matching, resolution and other parameters for fiber bundle imaging system. Furthermore, the selected glass are Chengdu Guangming's existing products, the system has high feasibility.

The development of materials with spectral characteristics of plants is a hot topic in the field of camouflage.Based on the similarity and molecular modifiability of phthalocyanine (Pc) and chlorophyll-porphyrin structures, tetra nitro cobalt phthalocyanine(TNCoPc) with central cobalt ion and alpha position nitro substituted are designed and analysed.Structural optimization of phthalocyanine, cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), tetra nitro phthalocyanine (TNPc) and TNCoPc are carried out using the density functional theory B3LYP / 6-31G (d), after which the TD-DFT is used to calculate the UV-Vis spectra. The HOMO-LUMO level comparison diagram of CoPc and Pc molecules and frontier molecular orbital map according to the calculation results of TD-DFT which is based on the optimized geometry are drawn out and compared respectively. The results show that, affected by the d7 electronic structure of cobalt ion and the ligands, 7 electrons of 3d orbitals involved in forming four equivalent dsp2 hybrid orbitals so that the valence electron layer has unpaired single spins, resulting in two kinds of energy gaps of alpha and beta.The energy difference of CoPc is 0.1ev larger than that of Pc so that the blue shift of Q band is observed.The absorption of TNPc is influenced by the electron withdrawing group and the conjugation of the C=O double bond on the nitro group,the energy level difference decreases and the absorption band shifts to longer wavelengths.The absorption of TNCoPc at 652.84nm is mainly the transition of electrons from orbit 188HOMO-1 to 191LUMO+2, and the absorption at 603.19nm is mainly the transition of electrons from orbit 190HOMO to 191LUMO.The results of TNCoPc quantitative calculation provides a reliable and convenient method for the use of phthalocyanines to fit the spectrum of plants.

In case of light absorption and diffusion, the clarity of the underwater images are degraded. The color of the underwater image is distortion. In order to improve the quality of the original underwater image quality, a method based on RGB channels histogram equalization is proposed. The method improves the contrast of the underwater image based on strength the histogram of the RGB channels respectively. The real-world experiment confirms the effectiveness of the method.

To solve the question of monocular pose measurement of the non-projected-axisymmetric targets, a Contour Image Length matching method is proposed,firstly,the contour of the targets is simplified as many triangles based on nose to solve the information redundancy and visual occlusion;secondly,the simplified target is projected to the image plane to get virtual image length，the actual image length is extracted simultaneously, then the pitch, yaw and roll angle can be obtained by length matching between virtual image and actual image. The aircraft flight calibration test shows that the precision of the pitch angle, yaw angle and roll angle was 0.9 degrees,1.2 degrees, and 1.5 degrees respectively, which indicated the result is slightly lower than intersection, but can save cost and improve efficiency. Finally, the key factors concerning method error are analyzed; the method can lay an important foundation for monocular pose measurement in range.

In order to detect satellite under sky background, we propose an optimized satellite object detection extraction and tracking algorithm under the sky background. The proposed satellite tracking processing consists of two stages. In the first stage of object detection and extraction, the background template based on the mixture Gaussian model is used to establish background frame, and then the background is removed by inter-frame difference method to obtain the object. In the subsequent object tracking stage, this paper proposes an improved untracked Kalman filter algorithm for object tracking. Firstly, it tracks multiple suspected objects in the background, and then introduces a path coherence function to eliminate the false objects. Compared with other methods, the experimental results show that our method can better meet the real-time requirement, eliminate false objects appeared in the sequence of images more efficiently and make the tracking trajectory smoother.

Compared with visible light imaging systems, the infrared imaging systems have the advantages of strong fogging ability, especially in the high-altitude water vapor and haze environment. and the medium-wave infrared cooling detectors have the advantage of low cost compared to long waves. Therefore, in recent years, The demand for medium-wave infrared continuous zoom systems is increasing. In this design, based on the medium-wave infrared optical system, and summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of the previous zoom structure, a zoom mechanism in the form of a cam and guide was proposed. The cam mechanism, zoom guide mechanism, and compensation guide mechanism were described in detail in this paper. The detailed analysis of the torque demand during zooming was performed. Ansys workbench was used to analyze the main components of the zoom mechanism and the stray light of the system was proposed. The adjustment results show that this kind of structure can realize medium-wave infrared continuous zooming, and the the amount of optical axis shaking during zooming is less than 0.3mrad, which meets the design requirements, and the proposed stray light suppression method effectively suppresses the system's spurious radiation and improves the lens's imaging quality; impact and vibration simulation show that the strength and stiffness of the structure meet the requirements of the mechanical environment, and the imaging system has stable performance.

When the aerial camera photograph，a variety of image motion is caused by prior to the flight, pitching, rolling and vibration and other reasons，thus leading to the existence of relative motion of the illuminated objects in the focal plane of a photosensitive medium, the image is blured，and the imaging quality of the camera is seriously affected. Various causes of image motion and effects on image is analyzed by this paper,the necessity of image motion compensation is expounded. By analyzing existed methods of image motion compensation ,and on this basis, a new multi degree of freedom motion compensation method is designed,through the parallel mechanism motion,for image motion compensation by optical image motion compensation principle，a variety of airborne camera to take pictures of the image motion also can be eliminated.

In order to test the high dynamic performance of the on-orbit star sensor and develop better software for motion compensation, a simulation algorithm of blurred star image is proposed. First, the projection position of the guide star on the star sensor image plan is calculated by the pinhole model. And considering the motion blurred of the star image because of the carrier motion, the image motion velocity model is build. Second, based on the angular distance of the star sensor bore-sight, searching guided star in the field of view. Third, the gray-scale of the star image is simulated from the image motion velocity model by adding noises. The simulation tests show that the proposed method has better computation speed and precision.

As a two dimensional arrays of micro-channel X-ray imaging precision optics, detection efficiency and imaging quality are crucial to micro-channel optics (MPO). As a key factor of the detection efficiency and imaging quality, cell packed geometries in the Wolter type micro-channel optics were investigated in the paper. The characteristics of simulative images for different cell packed geometries were compared with the software Tracepro by ray trace method of Monte Carlo algorithm. The influences for the amount of symmetry axes, chamber types and stacked density of layers on the focal imaging characteristics and detection efficiency of Wolter type micro-channel optics were explored. The results indicated that the detection efficiency and the quality of focal imaging changing both obeyed Parabola distribution with the increasing of the numbers of symmetry axis from three to six. In the cambered stacking models, focusing images showed a petaline shape dispersion background with the same symmetry axis in non-full-cambered stacking types. In the close-packed loss model, it had a minimal and maximal impact on the detection efficiency in the outmost layer and subouter layer, respectively. Besides, characteristics of simulative images for Lobster eye micro-channel optics (L-MPO) and Wolter type micro-channel optics (W-MPO) were compared by ray trace method in this paper. Results indicated that under a constant illumination with the same cell size, the simulated detection efficiency of ideal W-MPO was over 41.0%, which was 1.3 times than that of ideal L-MPO.

For instantly monitoring the safety status of lithium-ion batteries, this letter provides a scheme of insitu monitoring system of lithium-ion battery based on multifunctional fibers and constructs the corresponding test system. In this scheme the distributed temperature sensing system(DTS) is employed for testing the temperature of lithium-ion batteries and the distributed gas detection system combined with trace gas sensors based on TDLAS technique and optical switch control is utilized for monitoring the leakage of lithium-ion batteries. Aiming at the character of the large deformation of lithium-ion batteries especially in soft packed batteries, a wide-range deformation test scheme is designed. The preliminary test results of the in-situ monitor system of lithium-ion battery indicate that the temperature accuracy of this system is ±1 degrees centigrade and the spatial resolution is 1 meter. The resolution of gas detection of CH4, CO, CO2 and HF gas meets the design. The strain range of the system is 10000με and the accuracy is 100με . The system meets the demand of insitu monitoring of lithium-ion battery.

Small anomaly detection in ocean evironment is an important problem in airborne remote sensing image processing, especially in hyperspectral data. Traditional algorithms solve this problem by finding the pixels have different appearance pattern with the background. However, these algorithm are not suitable for real-time applications. In this paper, we propose to learn the hyperspectral model of the seawater and localize the targets whose spectral feature do not well fit the trained model. This algorithm only uses historical information and is suitable to be used on airborne line-scanning data. Since hyperspectral property of ocean water is relatively stable, we use Gaussian mixture model to encode the statistical features of the background. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm significantly improves processing efficiency in comparison with conventional methods, and maintains high accuracy with regard to other methods.

This work demonstrates a green-band Scheimpflug lidar system by employing a high-power continuous-wave 520-nm laser diode as the laser source and an image sensor as the detector. Atmospheric remote measurement was continuously performed from October 28th to November 3rd on a near horizontal path, while a severe haze occurred during this period. The time-range backscattering map is obtained and the distribution of the atmospheric extinction coefficient is retrieved from the lidar signals based on the Fernald inversion algorithm. The spatial-averaged aerosol extinction coefficient shows good linearity with the PM10/PM2.5 concentrations measured by a local national pollution monitoring station.

Target tracking is one of the most topic-active research and also the most important part in the field of computer vision. The typical deformable model target tracking algorithm decomposes each target into multi-sub-blocks, and computes the similarity of both the local areas of each target and the spatial location among each sub-block. However, these algorithms define the area and the number of sub-blocks manually. In the practical application, the tracking system can provide the interaction to select the tracking target real-timely. But it’s difficult to provide the interaction to select the sub-blocks. It means the selection of sub-blocks manually has limitation in the practical application. Aimed at the problems mentioned, this paper presents a method for automatic sub-blocks segmentation. The proposed method integrates the local contrast and the richness of texture details to get a measure function of sub-blocks. Saliency detection based on visual attention model was used to extract salient local contrast. The edge direction dispersion has been used to describe the richness of texture details. Then, the discrimination of each pixel in the target will be computed by the mentioned methods above. Finally, sub-blocks with high discrimination will be chosen for tracking. Experimental results show that the method proposed can achieve more tracking precision compared with the current deformable target tracking algorithm which selected the sub-blocks manually

A simulation model for laser triangulation sensor is given based on the non-sequential mode of ZEMAX, and the Lambertian scattering model is adopted to simulate the light intensity received by the detector while the object is tilting. The simulation model includes the power , divergence angle and energy distribution of the laser, as well as the scattering characteristics and construction features of the detector. The simulation results indicate that the tilt error increases when the tilt angle becomes larger under the same displacement, which shows a linear relationship. The tilt error also increases as the displacement increases under the same tilt angle. The maximum tilt error around the X-axis is -22.58μm, while the maximum tilt error around the Y-axis is -1.09 μm. When tilting around the X-axis, the tilt errors caused by positive rotation and negative rotation are the same, but opposite in sign. When tilting around Y-axis, both the value and the sign of the positive and negative tilt errors are the same. The minimum tilt error appears near the reference position. The farther away from the reference position, the greater of tilt error. According to the simulation results, reasons for tilt error are analyzed. Because of the existing of the tilt angle, the scattered field of the laser beam changes, which give rise to the asymmetry of the energy distribution received by the detector. The greater the tilt angle, the larger the spot diameter, which leads to the offset of the centroid and causes the tilt error. Three correction methods for tilt error are proposed. The first method is to install the sensors with the tilt axis paralleling to the receiving plane. The second one is to carry out the measurement near the reference position. The third is to compensate the tilt error with both simulation data and experimental data. The simulation model and one of the correction methods were verified by experiments. A high precision laser triangulation sensor based on our simulation results was developed to verify the simulation model. The object was placed on a rotary platform, and the rotary platform was fixed on a linear guideway in order to obtain an axial displacement. The measured data for different displacements and tilt angles were obtained by our experimental device. A grating scale with the resolution of 0.1 μm was adopted to serve as the standard instrument. The tilt errors were the difference between the measured data and the reference data. The displacement change from -50 mm to 50 mm with a step of 10 mm. The tilt angle change from -30 degrees to 30 degrees with a step of 10 degrees. The centroid of the laser spots with different displacements and tilt angles were calculated to obtain the tilt error by our simulation model. The experimental results show that the characteristics and tendencies of the tilt error were consistent with the simulation results. After error compensation, the tilt error dropped about 57.6%. The simulation model can also analyze the measuring errors caused by many other factors, such as the power variation of the laser source, the color and the roughness of the surface. Our simulation model is of certain significance for analyzing the measuring error of laser triangulation sensor.

Many railway accidents happen under shunting mode. In this mode, train attendants observe the railway condition ahead using the traditional manual method and tell the observation results to the driver to avoid danger. However, human error and fatigue will reduce the safety of shunting operation. To address this issue, a novel object detection framework for a train automatic detecting objects ahead in shunting mode, called Feature Fusion detection neural network (FFDet). It consists of two connected modules, i.e., the refine detection module and the object detection module. The refine detection module coarsely the locations and sizes of prior anchors to provide better initialization for the subsequent module and also reduces search space for the classification, whereas the object detection module aims to regress accurate object locations and predict the class labels for the prior anchors. The experimental results show that FFDet demonstrates good performance in detecting objects and can meet the needs of practical application in shunting mode.

The reconstruction of laser reflection tomography target reconstruction is an important part of the laser reflection tomography radar target detection technology.But currently the acquisition of imaging data for laser reflection tomography mainly stays in the laboratory test acquisition phase, for the complete slave laser pulse. There are still gaps in the comprehensive simulation of the complete process of launch propagation, laser and target effects, acceptance of echo data, and target reconstruction. In this paper, based on the above problems, studying the problem of large computational complexity firstly when the sub-rays and the bins are successively intersected. Proposed a fast intersection algorithm based on the boundary of the laser beam, which improves the computational efficiency. Secondly, based on the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of the lidar signal, the response function of the detection target to the signal is deduced, and the action process model of the two is established. Based on the above key technologies, a target reconstruction simulation system based on laser reflection tomography was constructed. Finally, according to the effect of different sampling intervals and different detection angles on the reconstructed image quality, a contrast simulation experiment was conducted. The image back-propagation algorithm was used to complete the reconstruction of the target 2D contour under different conditions.

The schlieren method was the most common method for measuring the far-field focal spot in high power laser facility. The reconstruction of far-field focal spot was used by manual and autocorrelation matching method usually. Although the problem of the automatic reconstruction of focal spot was solved by the autocorrelation matching method, it searched the best matching point in the whole region of the mainlobe cutting image, which would greatly reduce the efficiency of the reconstruction of far-field focal spot. To solve this problem, a fast method for searching the best matching point based on steepest descent method was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the mainlobe image and sidelobe image were cut into the mainlobe cutting image and sidelobe cutting image, which were named as cutzb and cutpb respectively, and the size of cutting images was 300*300.Then a new image that a circle the same size as the schlieren ball was dug from cutzb image was named as cutzb', while cutzb' and cutpb were converted into two column vectors respectively, and the SAM values of the two vectors are calculated. Secondly, calculated the gradients of 8 neighborhoods of current pixel, the next searching position was the neighborhood located in the direction of the largest gradient (the largest decrease) of 8 neighborhoods while using the steepest descent method. After all the SAM values of the two vectors that met requirement were searched. The upper left corner of mainlobe cutting image was the best matching point when the SAM value was minimal. Finally, according to the best matching point, the far-field focal spot was merged by the mainlobe image and sidelobe image, and the weighted average method was applied to fuse the stitching area of the merged image. The experimental results show that the method can not only realize the automatic reconstruction of the measurement of far-field focal spot while using the schlieren method, but also greatly improve the efficiency of the reconstruction of the far-field focal spot, and realize the accurate measurement of the far-field focal spot in the high dynamic range.

Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) is a common and useful image assessment method, and is better than mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). However, when evaluating the quality of blur images and noise images, the correlation coefficient between the assessment results of SSIM and the subjective ones is low. A method based on visual structural similarity (VSSIM) for image quality assessment is proposed in this paper. The method is based on the multichannel properties of the log-polar Gabor filter and contrast sensitivity function. Multi-channel visual feature of distorted and reference images with log-polar Gabor transformation is extracted, and then the value of each channel’s SSIM is calculated, and finally, all the SSIM are mixed together according to the weight calculated by the contrast sensitivity function. Experimental results show that VSSIM can assess the blur and noise image quality precisely.

Infrared Polarization imaging possesses the ability of distinguishing between natural objects and man-made objects. However, the reflection and radiation of the sea surface and the target have strong infrared polarization characteristics, which makes it difficult to detect the ship's target with infrared polarization. Based on the bidirectional reflectance distribution function model, stokes parameters and Cox model, we analysed the process of the ship-target and environment radiating and reflecting, deduced the mathematical model of target and sea’s degree of polarization(DOP) .Comparing the reflection and radiation distribution curves at the large zenith angle, the polarization characteristic of the target background reflection radiation is obtained, the experiment shows that the correctness of the mathematical model and conclusion. The result of this paper provides a good opportunity for further research on the polarization recognition of ship-targets.

Aimed at wind measurement requirement of pilot balloon observation, the double-theodolite base-line method will be discussed mainly. Then based on GJB6076-2007 and GJB 6556.3-2008, the formulas of wind vector were given and the error propagation model of double-theodolite wind measurement was founded. At last, the system and random errors of some wind measurement data were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that, the error of the double-theodolite method was mainly caused by the elevation and the azimuth angles, including measurement error and tracking error. It increases rapidly with time and height increase, and can be remarkably reduced if the error of balloon tracking is removed.

The large field survey optical telescope system has strong spatial target information acquisition capabilities. Wide-angle telescope array as a typical large-field survey optical telescope system, can be used for the general survey of space targets, access to important parameters such as orbital parameters and shape and size parameters, is a powerful tool to grasp the spatial situation. In order to analyze the tracking effectiveness of the wide-angle telescope array for space targets and explore the best use scheme, this paper compares and analyzes the ability of the typical wide-angle telescope array and the ground-based large-caliber telescope to detect the space target and determine the space target’s initial orbit. First, establish a spatial target orbit model. The STK (Satellite Tool Kit) high-precision orbit model was used to calculate the theoretical position of the space target and ground station. Then based on the positioning accuracy of the telescope and the quality of the detection field of view, the detection error matrix of the wide-angle telescope array and the largecaliber telescope of the foundation is simulated respectively, and the spatial target optical detection position information is given in combination with the detection error matrix. Second, the initial orbit calculation is performed. The simulated space target detection data and ground station location data are substituted into the improved Laplace initial orbit calculation equation, and the spatial target orbital parameter determination research is carried out. Third, conduct the analysis of the orbital error. According to the characteristics of the two detection methods, the initial orbits of the space target under the two use modes are calculated and compared, and the orbit determination errors of the two detection methods under the same detection duration are compared and analyzed. At the same time, using the highprecision orbit model to perform the orbit simulation deduction on the initial orbit, deducing the curve of the orbital error within 5 hours; Finally, in order to analyze the influence of the detection duration on the accuracy of the initial track, the space target observation data with a detection time of 40 seconds to 170 seconds is simulated. The data is brought into the derailment determination equation, and the accuracy of the initial orbit determination of the space target under different detection durations is calculated. The simulation results show that the wide-angle telescope array detection arc length is long. When the detection duration exceeds 100 seconds, the initial orbit determination error is less affected by the telescope detection error, and the orbit accuracy is high, which can provide high-precision data for subsequent precision tracking. At the same time, the wideangle telescope array detection field of view is large, so that it can meet the requirements of the census of the space target, can simultaneously monitor multiple targets for a long time, obtain spatial target luminosity change information, and has high spatial target monitoring comprehensive effectiveness. In terms of practical value, the price of the wideangle telescope array is much lower than traditional high-precision telescopes and precision tracking radars, and has a high practical value.

The gain of the avalanche photodiode (APD) is temperature sensitive, which greatly limits the application of APD for the all-weather operation in field. In this paper, a dual temperature compensation circuit for APD that included temperature control and high voltage compensation was designed. The temperature control part uses MAX1978 for APD proportional-integral-derivative (PID) temperature control through thermistor and thermo electric cooler (TEC), so that APD temperature is kept constant in a certain ambient temperature range. According to general diode‘s temperature characteristics, the high voltage compensation part compensates for the high voltage drift needed to stabilize the gain of the APD when ambient temperature changes, using diode 1N914. This further improves the gain stability of the APD. The dual temperature compensation circuit improves the stability of the APD gain, expands the range of APD's ambient temperature and reduces the thermal noise.

The space-borne HgCdTe infrared detector is widely used in missile warning and interception because of its ability to detect the active tail flame of the missile. The performance of the infrared detector on satellite directly affects the missile's identification and threat assessment. In order to study the effect of temperature on the performance of satellite infrared detector, Noise-Equivalent Temperature Difference(NETD) of the HgCdTe detector is used as the performance reference, and the SBIRS near-earth orbit small satellite's cosmic environment is the analysis background. Radiant energy of the target is analyzed with distance changes. The performance of HgCdTe detector with temperature and distance changes was simulated by mathematics software MATLAB. Which is been used to simulate the change of Noise-Equivalent Temperature Difference due to the increased operating temperature and distance change of HgCdTe infrared detector. which provided calculations reference for the performance analysis of HgCdTe detectors on the satellite.

In order to explore the extinction characteristics of different types of aerosols and multiple scattering effects on the Transmission performance of visible Light, four wavelengths of 400 nm, 488 nm, 550 nm and 694 nm and four common aerosols of Oceanic, Dust-Like, Water-Soluble and Soot were selected. Based on the Mie scattering theory and the steady-state Monte Carlo model, the transmission attenuation characteristics of visible light in atmosphere are studied. The results show that the scattering intensity of single particle decreases with the increase of incident wavelength. The extinction efficiency factor of Oceanic, Water-Soluble and Soot particles decreases with the increase of wavelength, whereas Dust-Like particles have the opposite effect. The extinction characteristics of Oceanic, Dust-Like and WaterSoluble particles are dominated by scattering, while Soot particles are dominated by absorption. The results of simulation of multiple scattering by steady-state Monte Carlo method show that the transmission rate of light wave in Oceanic aerosols is the highest, and in Dust-Like aerosols, Water-Soluble aerosols and Soot aerosols decrease in turn. The transmission rate increases gradually with the increase of visibility. The absorption effect can be neglected in multiple scattering processes when the visibility reaches a certain degree. This conclusion is helpful to construct a more accurate image degradation model in a specific type of aerosol optical thick imaging path.

Aiming at the reflected highlight in remote sensing, we propose a new method of removing reflected highlight in polarimetric images. This method is based on reflection physical model, only requiring four polarization images and reflection angle; the original intensities of target which is under water or other crystals can be calculated by Stokes parameters accurately. Comparing to conventional polarization methods, experimental results show that proposed method can remove the glitters more effectively and reserve the original characteristic of target as much as possible. This new method does not need to restrict the specific observation angle and time so that it has more versatility. This new method improves reflected highlight image quality and it can be considered very suitable in water and polarization remote sensing.

An InGaAs near-infrared linear scanning camera was developed based on the InGaAs near-infrared linear detector array, it has a resolution of 256×1 and an adjustable exposure time from 20 μs to 2 ms. The electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) of different kinds of solar cells were observed by the InGaAs near-infrared linear scanning camera and the common used Si-CCD linear scanning camera, and the inspection results of these two cameras were compared. The results show that the InGaAs near-infrared linear scanning camera can obtain a clear image with an exposure time of 2 ms, much faster than the common used Si-CCD linear scanning camera can. Therefore, the InGaAs near-infrared linear scanning camera has the advantage of high efficiency in solar cell inspection.

This paper presents high-sensitivity, micro machined all fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometric (FFPI) strain gauges, as well as their applications in water tunnel environment for hydrodynamic measurements. The FFPI strain gauge has a short Fabry-Perot cavity and a long hollow hole next to the cavity, formed by two step laser etching process. Such configuration enables the sensitivity to be enlarged as many as eight times. The deformation of the FFPI strain gauges is measured by the spectrum shift of the reflected optical signal, using a white light optical demodulator. The strain sensitivity is measured to be 0.015 nm/με, and the minimum detectable strain alteration is about 0.07 με in our set-up. A force balance, using the proposed FFPI strain gauges as sensing elements, has been fabricated, calibrated and evaluated in a water tunnel flow, to measure the hydrodynamic loading. Experimental results indicate that, the proposed balance based on the FFPI strain gauge is reliable and robust and is potentially suitable for water environment.

High precision inertial navigation devices are required for high accuracy of on-orbit navigation of the aircraft, on the other side ,it will lead to the increasement of the cost. The paper presents an integrated navigation method based on inertial and geomagnetic information fusion. This method constructs the state and the measurement equation of inertial combination and MEMS triaxial magnetometer, also uses Kalman filter algorithm based on feedback calibration. The navigation accuracy deviations are analyzed by inertial navigation in high, medium and low precision, together with the MEMS triaxial magnetometer under different accuracy of measurement. The result shows that inertial and geomagnetic information fusion navigation will decrease the accuracy requirements for inertial devices, leading to reducing the cost of the aircraft in the economic and quality and the need for installation space.

IGBT is a high-power device used in the field of power electronics. Its internal temperature rise will lead to module failure, which will seriously affect the safe operation of high-voltage converter systems. At present, mature methods used in IGBT failure detection are limited to indirect analysis through current and voltage, and less to real-time measurement of internal temperature distribution and thermal conduction state. In this paper, a fiber grating sensing system is introduced in the silica-gel layer inside the IGBT. We design and build a fiber grating sensor system for real-time monitoring of the IGBT internal temperature distribution and the thermal conduction state of the silica-gel, and it is monitored online in the incubator, laboratory and operating conditions. The system has been running in Xiamen Ludao ±320kV flexible DC converter station demonstration project for five months. The results show that the system has strong stability and fast response time, and the data acquisition can be synchronized with IGBT temperature changing. It provides a reliable basis and timely alarming for the fault detection.

The gray-scale image is widely used in remote sensing image and high-resolution image. The resolution and the contrast are declining, also the image quality is seriously damaged under haze weather. Non-model image enhancement mainly uses targeted image processing methods to improve the contrast and details, while the image degradation is considered in model image restoration. Considering the lack and the necessity of research on the gray-scale image haze removal, a method of single gray-scale image haze removal based on dark channel prior is proposed. This paper extends the method of dark channel haze removal to the gray-scale image. The method reduces the amount of calculation by sampling down the input single gray image. At the same time, different measures are taken on the edges, the flat areas and the noise points of the image to remove the block effect. In addition, a refined transmission is obtained by coefficient modulation. By comparing the experiments and the quality evaluation with other methods of haze removal, including guided filtering, gray stretch and adaptive histogram equalization with limited contrast. It fully shows that the proposed method can be effectively applied to the gray image haze removal.

For cooled 640×512 mid-wave infrared focal plane array, a compact dual field-of-view (FOV) optical system was designed. The parameters of the optical system were 4°×3.2°/12°×9.6° FOV, 4 F/number, and 100% cold shield efficiency. To reduce the overall length, the system used direct imaging model and a single negative lens moving along the axis to switch FOV. The system had 5 lenses including 2 aspheric surfaces. Based on analysis of chromatic and thermal properties of common MWIR materials to select lens materials and assign focal power, the system realized aberrations correction and passive athermalization. The image quality of prototype was good and its image plane was stable between -40°C~60°C.

Infrared focal plane detectors play very important roles in the field of military optoelectronic imaging. It has shown unique features in national defense and the national economy, but in the manufacture of infrared focal plane imaging detectors, due to the error in the production process, there are inevitably non-uniform response among the pixels, and some blind pixels that completely lose detecting capabilities will generate the fixed pattern noise in the accessed infrared image. In addition, some flicker pixels whose response values changed violently with time, may affect the imaging quality seriously. How to correct image defects caused by these blind pixels is an important topic in the infrared image processing researches. This paper analyzes the causes of the inhomogeneity of the infrared detector's response and the characteristics of the infrared image, then introduces some popular methods about blind pixels detection and compensation for the infrared detector. The traditional alternative kinds of blind pixels compensation methods often calculate the digital number (DN) value from the neighboring pixel response around the blind pixel position using the single frame image and substitute for the corresponding blind pixels response. However, these methods may lead to a single point of high noise in some specific scenarios. Aiming at such faults, an improved real-time blind pixel compensation method is proposed in the paper. We divide blind pixels into dead pixels and flicker pixels firstly according to the pre-calibrating results using blackbodies. Different algorithms with different thresholds are adopted to detect different types of blind pixels. For the dead pixels, the traditional method is used to replace their responses with their neighboring pixels. For the flicker pixels, a queue consisting of a series of image sequences is built in the memory, temporal filtering is performed for the input image series to reduce the time domain noise. Especially for flicker pixels with contiguous slices, it can better smooth the non-linear error caused by the sharp transition of pixel response with time. For blind pixels on the current frame image, their DN values are replaced by the previous frame sliding filter result in the image sequence queue. In order to simplify the complexity of the hardware design, the temporal upper threshold in the time domain filtering is also set. If the temporal filtering time reaches the upper threshold, the value matching conditions are still not found to compensate for the blind pixels, then the traditional alternative method is used to fill in to ensure the processing time limitation. The algorithm mentioned above and the calculation complexity of hardware implementation are given in detail. Afterwards, the platform for hardware system and the blind pixel correction method described via Verilog HDL and realized on this hardware platform are illustrated. The experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively compensate for the influence of blind pixels on the basis of real-time performance, and plays an important role in the improvement of image quality

The laser source with high peak power and high beam quality has important application in laser processing and other fields. A fiber laser with repetition of 50 kHz, pulse width of 3.9 ps, and average power of 10.9 mW is used as the seed source. After double-passing two-stage amplifiers, the average output power of 27.65 W with a peak power of 65 MW is obtained. The first stage is an end pumped Nd:YVO₄ amplifier, and the second stage is a side pumped Nd:YAG amplifier. The beam quality is well preserved with M² factor of 1.3 based on the method of spherical-aberration compensation and the optimizing of the beam filling factor.

A mesa-type normal incidence separate-absorption-charge-multiplication (SACM) Ge_0.95Sn_0.05/Si avalanche photodiode (APD) was fabricated. The 60-μm-diameter avalanche photodiode achieved a responsivity of ~5A/W (gain=24) and ~3.1A/W (gain=20) at 98% breakdown voltage (-14.2V) under 1310nm and 1550nm illumination respectively with a low dark current of 10μA. The −3 dB bandwidth for a 60-μm-diameter APD is about 1-1.25GHz for gains from 5 to 20, resulting in a gain-bandwidth product of 25GHz for a C-band communication wavelength of 1550nm.

In this letter, an efficient system of hyperspectral imaging is discussed, which is based on diffractive optic imaging technology. The system is a spectrometer that projects the spectral and spatial information onto a CCD detector. Each spectral image can be obtained by modified demodulation algorithm. The system structure and the basic theory are introduced. A spectrometer system that operates in the visible band is designed. The performance of the system is analyzed and evaluated. The virtual simulation experiment of diffractive optic imaging is established. The simulation of diffractive imaging and spectral demodulation of complex scene have been finished. The experiment PSF is used to demodulate the spectral images. The demodulation output images are almost the same as the initial input image. The validity and feasibility of the basic principle are proved by the simulation experiment result. The experiment system of diffractive optic imaging in visible band is also established in the laboratory. The prototype calibration system is set up. The precise calibration system is needed to be set up in the future. The advantages of diffractive optic imaging spectrometer are no slit and high throughput. The spectrometer can be widely used in remote sensing and other fields.

Forest ecosystem is the main component of the terrestrial biosphere, and the estimation of forest biomass is a necessary condition for the analysis of carbon cycle and regional carbon budget in land ecosystem. As an active detection method, space borne Lidar can directly obtain the information of vertical structure of vegetation, and its retrieval of forest biomass has obvious advantages compared with optical and microwave remote sensing methods. The Lidar obtains the forest three-dimensional structure through the discrete radiation of the echo data in the spot, and then collectively invert the amount of the forest biomass and its spatial distribution pattern through a number of discrete sampling data in a certain region. Obviously, the density of Lidar discrete sampling points is an important factor that determines the fine degree of forest biomass and its spatial distribution pattern. The first generation vegetation measurement Lidar uses linear detection system, which has a large power consumption, limited power supply capacity, and volume and heat dissipation of the satellite platform. The density of the observation point is low, usually 1 to 2 points per square kilometer, which leads to the poor mapping ability of the regional forest biomass. In order to solve the low density of observation points and improve the mapping ability of Lidar in the region of forest biomass, this paper proposes a kind of second generation of vegetation Lidar based on few-photon mode. The application background, the principle of small photon detection and the composition of the system is discussed. The demand for the energy of the laser emission pulse is lower than that of the linear system. Under the condition of the same resource on the satellite, the density of the sampling point is higher than that of the linear system. Therefore, the second generation vegetation Lidar can better depict the number and spatial distribution pattern of regional forest biomass.

A kind of new all-fiber coherent Dopple lidar made with a 1.55μm laser, a beam expander, circulator, and a signal sampling and signal processing system based on a SOPC chip. First , no the acousto-optic modulator was proposed to lock the frequence of the local oscillator light .The system obtains the fundamental frequency signal and the echo signal with larger mount of frequency shift by linearly modulating the driving current provided by the laser driving device to the photonic crystal laser,and obtain the difference frequency signal by mixing the fundamental frequency signal and the echo signal Then,the simulation results indicate that the more noise is added to the signal,the more errors will be obtained from the calculation.then, the lidar system was utilized to measure the velocity of atmosphere produced by a fixed fan.The results conform very closely to the reference ,whose absolute errors are less than 0.15m/s. The experient results validate the accuracy of the lidar system.

EMU(Electric Multiple Units) maintenance platform is one of the key equipments of the motor Train base and EMU application, provides convenient for EMU daily maintenance and inspection, maintenance and repair. In the process design of the equipment, hydraulic crossover and other methods are adopted to meet the needs of the maintenance personnel on different types of EMUs. Therefore, the tipping boards are set up on the actual platform and protection network to ensure the safety of the workers' reaching the top. The EMUs usually use a four line storehouse, and the number of tipping plates is hundreds of them. Most of them are reversing / receiving by cylinder driving, and a large number of flip plates are distributed in the workshop. Besides, the state of the retractable boards and the faults have important influence on the operation. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the state of the flip plate. At present, it is more dependent on the monitoring and controlling system of the mechanical stroke switch in China. Due to the state of the hardware and the stability of the system, the method has the risk of omission and false alarm in some cases. Meanwhile, the switch signal can not directly display the real-time state of the tipping board. Therefore, the present invention provides a high-definition network camera image processing board state detection system based on double plate state real-time monitoring and detection, enhance the safety of EMU maintenance platform. The real-time image acquisition, calculating the specified texture information area gray co-occurrence matrix, generating feature vector descriptor, using support vector machine (SVM) classification method for feature vector classification, training classifier, and use the classifier to recognize the flap, and locate the flap position. And SVM is a novel method of machine learning evolving from statistics. SVM presents many own advantages in solving machine learning problems such as small samples, nonlinearity and high dimension. In this paper, the image texture SVM classification method construct feature vectors through the extraction of image gray level co-occurrence matrix texture information.The metioned texture imformation include gray-level co-occurrence matrix energy, contrast and entropy. And the gray level co-occurrence matrix reflects the image direction, adjacent interval and the change in value of integrated information.The results show that the image texture SVM classification method can effectively combine the method of template matching for the identification of condition detection of overhaul platform.

Correlation filter, previously used in object detection and recognition assignment within single image, has become a popular approach to visual tracking due to its high efficiency and robustness. Many trackers based on the correlation filter, including Minimum Output Sum of Squared Error (MOSSE), Circulant Structure tracker with Kernels (CSK) and Kernel Correlation Filter (KCF), they simply estimate the translation of a target and provide no insight into the scale variation of a target. But in visual tracking, scale variation is one of the most common challenges and it influences the visual tracking performance in stability and accuracy. Thus, it is necessary to handle the scale variation. In this paper, we present an accurate scale estimation solution with two steps based on the KCF framework in order to tackle the changing of target scale. Meanwhile, besides the original pixel grayscale feature, we integrate the powerful features Histogram of Gradient (HoG) and Color Names (CN) together to further boost the overall visual tracking performance. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art trackers.

At present, the distributed detection system based on Bragg grating as sensor has become a hot spot at home and abroad due to its high precision, good long-term stability and easy detection. In ordering to improve the grating multiplexing capacity in grating sensor array, this paper proposes a new distributed the weak reflected Bragg grating temperature sensing network. The system is mainly composed of light source module, photoelectric conversion module, data acquisition module and data processing module, which combine the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) with optical timedomain reflectometer (OTDR). And it has achieved simultaneous online monitoring of weak gratings at various central wavelengths through its homemade tunable multiwavelength light source. Due to the principle of grating reflection, the detection cycle of the system is about 1s without energy accumulation, shorter than the traditional sensing system. Because of using the OTDR, it can break through the limitation of light scanning bandwidth, and its single-channel measurement can be up to kilometers. As above, the system has many advantages, such as good real-time performance, large capacity, short response time, being able to adapt to a variety of work environment, etc.

Low background noise is a necessary condition for infrared optical system to achieve long distance and weak target. The noise of long-range weak target detection system is mainly determined by the thermal radiation of the optical. Cooling optical components is the most direct way to obatain low noise. The article describes a light and compact integrated cryogenic optical system, cryogenic optics detector, which is different from the traditional cryogenic telescope module. In this model, imaging lens is assembled in an infrared detector, then the imaging lens is working at temperature low 100K. So a new detection model that realizes ultra-long-distance and ultra-high sensitivity detection at the expense of very small volume power consumption is proposed. The prototype test results show that the integrated cryogenic optical system has good imaging results, and the thermal energy received by the FPA has been greatly suppressed.

The spatial resolution of frequency-modulated continuous wave(FMCW) laser ranging technology is limited by the frequency sweep non-linearity. The typical method for suppressing the influence of sweep non-linearity is that using an auxiliary interference signal to sample the measurement signal at the equal frequency intervals. The ranging scale of this method is restricted by the optical path difference of the auxiliary interferometry. We have presented a reverse frequency sample method that using measurement signal to sample the auxiliary signal, the range can be acquired from the ratio of the optical path difference of the auxiliary interferometry to the frequency of the resample signal. The experiment has verified that the reverse frequency sample method can measure the distance longer than the optical path difference, increasing the available ranging scale compared to the typical frequency sample method. This method can also avoid the influence of frequency sweep non-linearity on the range profile. The range resolution is reduced to 50μm with the decreasing of the measurement range and auxiliary optical path difference. The range accuracy of the experimental system based this method is 57μm.

The KCF algorithm uses the response values of the template and the test sample to calculate the target position. The location of the maximum response value is the target region. However, the KCF algorithm does not set the target loss warning mechanism. The target will be lost when the tracking process encounters complicated conditions such as scale chance, rapid movement, and severe obstruction. At this point, the tracker will update the background information into the template. The accumulated deviation of the template will cause the tracker cannot be correctly identified and tracked when it encounters the target again. To solve this problem, through the statistics of the maximum response value of each frame of the video sequence, it founds that the overall response of the video sequence has a normal distribution trend, and the maximum response value of the frame will fluctuate abnormally in the frames that are lost or are about to be lost. This paper uses the idea of hypothesis testing in mathematical statistics. This paper uses a set of fixed-dimensional response peak data to perform hypothesis testing on the peak value of the current frame response. If the response peak of the current frame falls within the rejection region, the target is determined to be lost or is about to be lost. The experimental results prove that the proposed method can correctly implement the early warning function when verifying the OTB standard test sequence. It can provide reference for when to load redetection after target is lost.

Detection distance is an important index of infrared imaging system, and meteorological parameters are one of the main factors affecting the detection distance. The calculation model based on the detection distance of infrared detector point source is calculated by using MODTRAN software. Peel off the factors associated with the environment. Selecting typical weather conditions to calculate the detection distance of infrared detector's point source target. The detection distance under different atmospheric parameters is obtained, and the sensitivity analysis is carried out between the detection distance of infrared detector and the parameters of the meteorological environment. The results show that the detection distance is influenced by the parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, visibility, wind speed and so on, and is linearly related to these meteorological parameters.

To meet the desire of radiation-hardened Electro-Static Discharge (ESD), a series of ESD protection devices and structures were proposed for ultraviolet (UV) AlGaN focal plane arrays (FPAs) readout circuit in this paper. The whole-chip ESD protection structures for I/O pads and power clamp (PC) pads fabricated in Global Foundries 0.35μm 2P4M mixed signal process are investigated. The structure-level and layout-level radiation hardened technologies are used to solve the problem of ESD current discharge efficiency and radiation hardened. Experimental results were obtained by transmission line pulse (TLP) testing system before and after the radiation hardening, it shows that the proposed ESD protection structures can reach the Human Body Model(HBM) ESD level to more than 4kV, while the total dose of ionizing radiation(TID) was 50krad (Si). Moreover, the whole chip ESD protection network are separated into logic ESD protection modules and analog ESD protection modules respectively to decrease crosstalk effect, and multi power clamp ESD protection devices are placed to improve the ESD current discharge efficiency.

The high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) technique employs a narrow spectral filter to separate the aerosol and molecular scattering components from the echo signals and therefore can retrieve the aerosol optical properties and lidar ratio (i.e., the extinction-to-backscatter ratio) profiles directly, which is different from the traditional Mie lidar with assumed lidar ratio. Accurate aerosol profiles measurement are useful for air quality monitoring. In this paper, a spaceborne HSRL lidar system simulation model based iodine vapor cell filter was presented. According to three different atmosphere aerosol distribution models and the uncertainties of atmosphere temperature and pressure, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the relative errors profiles of the backscattering coefficients of this lidar was simulated theoretically in daytime and nighttime. The result shows that the errors of aerosol backscattering coefficients are smaller in the aerosols dense area than in the sparse area. As altitude increases, the relative error of backscattering coefficient is increased. The relative backscattering coefficient error is within 16.5% below 5 km with 30 m range resolution and 10 km horizontal resolution.

Due to the influence of optical distortion, TDICCD camera will have imaging blur in the process of push broom imaging. From the angle of focal plane stitching, the principle of imaging blur leaded by optical distortion is analyzed, and a compensation method of nonlinear focal plane stitching is proposed. The principle of the method and the mathematical model of optimum stitching design are introduced. Take the off-axis three-mirror optical system as an example, the focal length of the optical system is 10m, the F number is 16, the design field of view 2ω is 1.4°, and the maximum distortion in the design field is 1%.The nonlinear stitching method is designed, and the optimal stitching angle is calculated. Compared with the linear stitching method, the design result of the nonlinear stitching method can decrease the maximum fuzzy value from 0.61 pixels to 0.2 pixels, and the 𝒇_{𝑴𝑻,𝑫} from 0.858 to 0.984.This study could provide the reference for focal plane design of long focal length and wide field space camera.

At present, when the infrared sensor detects the targets remotely, the target appears as a spot in the image plane, the geometry information is difficult to obtain, and the surface brightness temperature becomes an effective feature for the target recognition. However, due to the long distance of the target, the weak signal and the complex transmission path, the temperature features are difficult to extract accurately, which brings great uncertainty to the target recognition. Based on the principle of multi-spectral infrared radiation temperature measurement, this paper establishes a BP network model to estimate the point target temperature. Experiments show that the accuracy of extracting the faint targets temperature characteristics can be effectively improved, which shows great support for target recognition.

The laser altimeter include active transmitter and passive receiver with single pixel detector, the accurate co-alignment of the transmitter to receiver is a challenging task. A facility for axis measurement of transmitter and receiver had to be developed base on pentaprism and two dimensional scanning mechanism．Divide the optical beam before collimator focal plane into two conjugate paths with a pentaprism, one path is for measuring the optical axis of transmitter with beam analyzer. Another path is built with an infrared illuminated aperture stop, scan the two dimensional mechanism under the aperture stop, get the boresight of the receiver by analyzing relationship both detector energy and translation. Error Analysis show that the measurement accuracy of co-alignment of the transmitter to receiver is better than 5″, Prove that the current facility is enough for the alignment of the laser altimeter.

In order to meet the high positioning requirement of space camera for image acquisition,the camera boresight and the ground should be ensured into a fixed angle.At the same time, CCD integal direction and TDI imagery heading must be maintained the same.This paper presents an boresight testing and calculating approach based on the space coordinate transformation.The measuring principle of the theodolite is given,and then the measuring coordinate system is established. The space angle is transformed into space coordinates,data processing is then performed.The measurement method of the boresight is given. The formula to calculate the boresight and the linear array direction is also deduced.The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy of the boresight and the linear array direction is 4″.The testing method is reasonable and feasible,and the algorithm is simple and effective.The method can be used to most of the spce camera.

In order to adaptively adjust the model parameters and the global threshold for image segmentation, an improved pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) model based on human visual system (HVS) is proposed in this paper. Due to the property of HVS that human visual sensitivity to an image varies with different regions of the image where different regions correspond to different information rate area of the image, we analyze the characteristics of the improved model and its parameter optimization principle，and propose an improved segmentation algorithm. According to the gray scale of pixels, the algorithm adaptively realizes the division of the image information area. It not only preserves the excellent characteristics of PCNN for image segmentation, but also effectively preserves the gradation of image itself. The experiment results show that the algorithm proposed is efficient and has good segmentation effect, and has a wide application prospect in remote sensing image processing.

Starlight navigation technology is widely used in spacecraft. Celestial navigation is designed for star identification and confirmation of satellite attitudes in the space. Sensors of celestial navigation require hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for ground-testing. A new celestial navigation technology is based on dual-star-sensor for the sake of high accuracy and reliability. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for ground-testing generates two celestial scenes and projects them into the dual-star-sensors during navigation process by real-time graphics and simulation technologies according to the satellite’s orientation.

: Laser detection has become one of the most important detection types because of its high detection accuracy, fast response speed and strong anti-interference ability, which is the key technology in tracking, pointing and ranging detection systems. The requirements of the dynamic range and reliability of laser detection are very strict for a maneuvering flight target’s detection. For a small or long-distance target, the echo signal reflected by the target is very weak, so the laser detection circuit needs to be very high sensitive. For a large or short-distance target, the circuit is required to adapt to strong light signal and improve reliability, so the laser detection circuit should have a high damage threshold. Based on the detection requirements of high reliability and large dynamic range, as well as the strict limitation on volume and weight, in this paper it is considered that the design with only a single detector and the matching circuits realizes laser detection and reception. In the development of optoelectronic devices, the Avalanche Photo Diode ( APD ) is very suitable for the detection of laser echo signal reflected by a long-distance target. The performance of APD affects the detection performance index of the system directly. A laser detection circuit based on APD is designed to detect maneuvering flight targets in space. The high sensitivity is realized by setting suitable circuit parameters, and the high-voltage unloading function is designed to ensure that the strong laser does not damage the detector. The design greatly improves the detection dynamic range of the laser detection system. At the same time, the circuit has high signal-to-noise ratio, detection probability and high reliability. In order to achieve high detection sensitivity, the operating voltage is higher than 300 V @25 according to the requirements of APD's optimal signal-to-noise ratio. The operating voltage formes avalanche gain, and the detection sensitivity could reach the magnitude of nava. At the same time, in order to ensure the effective response of strong laser signal for the detector, avoiding irreversible damage and improving reliability, it is designed that a high voltage unloading circuit when strong pulse light signal could reach 45 mW or more. The dynamic range could reach up to 67 dB. Through the test and analysis, the design in this paper can effectively ensure the performance and reliability of the system.

The study of underwater in-situ detection is an important research trend in underwater detection. In view of the design requirements of the spectral data acquisition system for underwater in-situ detection, this paper used the software and hardware co-design method, from two aspects of software and hardware. A prototype system of spectral data acquisition system based on Xilinx Zynq chip and linear array CCD detector was designed and implemented. Through theoretical analyzing, experimental debugging and verification analyzing, the results shown that the system could collect and store the spectral data in real time. It also had the characteristics of low noise and had a small electronic structure, which laid a foundation for the spectral data acquisition of underwater in-situ detection.

Various high-resolution or high-frame-rate image sensors are used in star trackers to improve attitude accuracy and attitude update rate. However, the use of these high-performance image sensors has generated a new problem. The speed requirement of star detection and centroid calculation (SDCC) exceeds the capability of existing SDCC methods. Therefore, this paper presents a new real-time super-block-based SDCC method to resolve such a problem. In contrast to the traditional SDCC methods, the proposed method process the star images four by four and considering the continuous eight-connected pixels in the two lines as a super-block. The proposed method exhibits a speed that is four times faster than the previous SDCC methods. Thus, the performance limitation caused by the inadequacies of SDCC speed is solved. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is correct and effective.

It is very important to have high spatial resolution in all three dimensions for imaging complex 3D biological structures. In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) fluorescent spot breaking the diffraction-limited resolution barrier is produced by radially polarized Laguerre-Gaussian(LG) beams from stimulated emission depletion(STED) principle. The pump beam is generated by 4π tight focusing of LG₀₁ with high numerical aperture(NA), the full width at half maximum(FWHM) of longitudinal intensity field is 0.42λ , the FWHM of transverse component field is 0.48 λ . The depletion 3D hollow dark spot beam is generated with a topological charge of 1 LG₁₁ through high NA tight focusing. The behavior of the two-beam produced fluorescent spot is examined and the fluorescent spot size is minimized obviously. The super resolutions of 0.034λ and 0.094λ for longitudinal and transverse directions can be achieved, respectively.

The measurement precision of camera inner orientation elements and distortion parameters directly affects the mapping accuracy. Especially for the mapping camera, the inner orientation elements and distortion parameters should be accurately measured and verified. There exists a lot of challenge in long focal length and large caliber camera aspects for the reasearch because the method solely relying on the size and precision of the test equipment is difficult to meet the testing requirements. With an eye to the trend of international development, we will explore a new calculation method of the inner orientation elements and distortion, which is proposed on the basis of the theory of the self-calibration for computing camera interior orientation elements and distortion. The initial value of the inner orientation element values are acquired by the solution of the different target images. Then,constructing reasonable distortion model to iterate the images, the high-precision inner orientation elements and calculation results can be achieved. This article is important to exploring the precision test approach of the inner orientation elements and distortion for the aerospace plane array camera.

Thermal control and temperature uniformity are important factors for space remote sensing cameras. This paper describes the problems with existing systems and introduces the thermal design of a space optical remote sensing camera. Firstly, based on the theory of wave-front aberration distribution, the thermal control index of a space remote sensing camera is proposed. Then on the basis of the analysis of the heat flux environment outside the camera space, the thermal optical analysis of the camera is performed by using the finite element analysis method at high and low temperature conditions. The results show that the transfer function of the optical system with the resolution of 50 lp in the full field of view is more than 0.4. The optical design index can be satisfied, and the rationality of the thermal design is verified. The simulation result meets the requirements of optical design very well. Therefore the study in this paper can be used as an important reference for other space optical systems, which has certain engineering significance.

In this paper, we report a two-dimensional (2D) simulation for AlGaN separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodiodes (SAM APDs). The conventional SAM AlGaN multiplication layer has been replaced with a high/low Al content AlGaN heterostructure layer. By the polarization field produced by the heterojunction, the electric field in the multiplication layer can be regulated. Furthermore, a intermediate layer has been inserted between the heterojunction to control the electric field of the APD.

In order to realize the self-test of the camera controller, based on the analysis of the basic functions and test tasks of the Star, GPS and other units, a design scheme of the camera sub-system geophysical controller is proposed, The design and implementation of the bus command, OC switch instruction, auxiliary data release and analog telemetry parameters are described in detail. The preparation of the host computer command and telemetry interface software is carried out in a large number of tests and tested with the controller, and the test results were analyzed and summarized.

Electron scrubbing is an effective method of degassing the microchannel plate(MCP). In the present work, we investigated the effect of electron scrubbing on MCP through characterizing the gain and dynamic range during and after the electron scrubbing. The gain of the MCP decreases to 25-30% of the initial gain with 28μA·h of electron scrubbing. The dynamic range can be broadened by electron scrubbing. The lower limit of the dynamic range of the MCP limited by the dark current of the test system does not change significantly and the upper limit of the dynamic response range is increased. The ratio of the upper limit before and after scrubbing is inversely proportional to that of the gain. The reasons for variation of gain and dynamic range were discussed, to provide reference for improving the performance of microchannel plate.

With the continuous research of polarization technology, how to apply polarization enhancement to time-varying scene has become a difficult problem at present. This problem is reduced to the fast and accurate acquisition of atmospheric polarization transmission characteristics.This method can obtain polarization transmission parameters by multi-scale particle modeling, laser polarization state measurement and scene polarization information extraction. It can provide a solution for the design of polarization enhancement system by combining the characteristics of various methods. Firstly, the multi-scale particle air transmission is modeled, the composition and transmission law of particles are analyzed, the transmission model is established, and the haze particles are classified by microimaging. Then, the polarization data of the atmosphere are measured by laser transmission, and three kinds of color laser are selected, and the influence of the atmosphere on the polarization state is measured in conjunction with the polarizer. The three colors cover the visible light range, and can get the typical polarization characteristics of atmospheric transmission. Besides, we use camera polarization imaging to extract the polarization state of atmospheric transmission. Through the combination imaging of multi cameras and multi polarizers, polarization transmission data of polarized state parameters and distance are obtained. Finally, based on the combination of the three methods, we analyze the results of atmospheric polarization transmission. The atmospheric propagation model provides the change rule. The laser polarization state can get the typical fast changing transmission data, and the atmospheric background imaging can get the steady state transmission result. Through multi information fusion, the laser polarization state based data and the particle transmission model are combined to obtain the wide band transmission law, and the image extraction results are corrected to realize the atmospheric transmission analysis. Using the technical route proposed in this paper, a prototype of atmospheric polarization transmission analysis system is designed. As the key component of the polarization enhancement imaging device, the integrated design of hardware and software is carried out. It can be applied to the use of polarization imaging in time-varying scenes, which has a guiding significance for improving the effect of polarization imaging.

In hyperspectral image analysis, classification requires spectral dimensionality reduction (DR). Tensor decompositions have been successfully applied to joint noise reduction in spatial and spectral dimensions of hyperspectral images, such as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). However, the PARAFAC method does not reduce the dimension in the spectral dimension. To improve it，a new method was proposed in this paper, that is, combine PCA and PARAFAC to reduce both the dimension in the spectral dimension and the noise in the spatial and spectral dimensions. The experiment results indicate that the new method improves the classification compared with the previous methods.

In order to acquire the geographic location information of sea-surface, aiming at feature that sea-surface elevation is known. A self-location algorithm independent of ranging equipment was developed. The paper uses camera’s position and attitude information measured by position and orientation system which rigid connect with camera. Then the paper compensates the lever arm which comes from GPS Antenna phase center and camera center of photography. So that accuracy position was got. The collinearity equation is built by the camera’s position, attitude and the known sea-surface elevation which equals zero to calculate target geodetic coordinates. The error model is built basing on total differential method. At last the location error of different detection range and angles of strabismus is analysed.

The detection of ellipses in digital image data is an important task in vision-based systems, since elliptical shapes are very common in nature and in man-made objects. Ellipse detection in real images is technically a very challenging problem in detection effectiveness and execution time. We propose an improved ellipse detection method for real-time performance on real world images. We extract arcs from the edge mask and classify them in four classes according to edge direction and convexity. By developing arc selection strategy, we select a combination of arcs possibly belonging to the same ellipse, and then estimate its parameters via the least squares fitting technique. Candidate ellipses are validated according to the fitness of the estimation with the actual edge pixels. Our method has been tested on three real images datasets and compared with two state-of-the-art methods. Our method performs superior than the compared methods. The results also show that the proposed method is suitable for real-time applications.

Negative differential capacitance (NDC) has been observed in InGaAs/InAlAs p-i-n photodetector. The frequency dependence of the NDC is observed at the frequency of 50~300kHz. A model involving two states is built to explain the observed NDC behavior. Low dark current is obtained at room temperature with the 1550nm wavelength infrared light.

Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering is a promising remote diagnostic technique for the measurement of gas temperature in high pressure environments, such as the Space Shuttle Main Engine Pre-burner. In order to study the accuracy in temperature measurement of three theoretical models (Tenti S6 model, V3 model and G3 model), spontaneous Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering experiments in nitrogen (N₂) have been conducted at a wavelength of 532nm in the pressure range from 4 atm to 7atm with a temperature of 298K and a 93° scattering angle. The spontaneous Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering profile with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is measured by scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI). By comparing the root-mean-square error of fitting residuals respectively for Tenti S6 model, V3 model and G3 model, it is found that V3 and G3 model have good fitting performance, while as for the processing data ability, the G3 model yield a fastest speed at only 0.09s. As for the measurement accuracy of the temperature retrieved from fitted data, it is found that the maximum absolute error for Tenti S6 model is at around 4K and those for V3 and G3 models are more than 10K, which means Tenti S6 model is most accurate in retrieving temperature. However, although there is a large error in measuring temperature with V3 and G3 models, this margin of error is allowed in the temperature measurement of the high-temperature tail flame of a pulsed detonation engine.

The detection of road rutting is of great significance for reducing traffic accidents, verifying the degree of road damage, and improving the comfort of driving. The fast, real-time and accurate stripe center extraction algorithm is the key to ensure the real-time and stable operation of the system, which will directly affect the ultimate rut depth acquisition accuracy. For the existing laser stripe center extraction methods cannot meet the characteristics of good robustness, high precision, real-time, strong anti-noise ability at the same time. A signal correlation method, which always used in radar data processing, is proposed in this paper to extract the center of the laser stripes. The above algorithm can solve the problem of disconnection, but due to the use of a fixed reference column, the selection of the reference column is accidental, the relevant results will be affected by different reference columns. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses the method of multi-column data correlation to take the maximum value. The algorithm is simple and practical, which can achieve the sub-pixel level extraction accuracy, meet the real-time requirements, has strong anti-noise ability and repair ability for broken lines. The experimental results show that the algorithm is insensitive to high light intensity background, and the laser stripes center extraction accuracy can reach 0.15mm, which is far less than the 1mm inspection requirement for rutting road test specifications.

The difference between the initial wavelength of the output signal caused by the error during the tunable laser tuning process will lead to the decrease of the azimuth resolution of the synthetic aperture lidar. In order to reduce the initial wavelength error, a scheme of filtering using a cascaded micro-ring M-Z optical band-pass filter is proposed. Using the digital filter design method by cascade micro-loop assisted M-Z interferometer to achieve elliptic filter. The 24-order elliptic filter is used to realize the filter with the transition band of 0.001nm, the passband ripple of 1dB and the stopband ripple of 60dB. The use of digital filter design cascaded micro-ring M-Z interferometer optical filter, not only to achieve the desired results, but also can improve the design efficiency of optical filters. After the optimization of the parameters of the cascaded microring M-Z filter, a filter with a large bandwidth, a flat top and a very small transition band can be obtained. Used to control the initial wavelength error can achieve the desired effect.

The images of a planet captured by the optical sensor system can provide a lot of serviceable navigation information for space exploration missions. Accurate measurement of a planet centroid is one of the important tasks for deep-space autonomous optical navigation. In order to improve the accuracy of centroid localization, a novel sub-pixel edge detection algorithm is proposed. First, image pre-processing technology is adopted to eliminate the effect of stars and stray light. Second, the edge of a planet at the pixel level is extracted using Sobel’s operator. Next, a new sub-pixel edge extraction algorithm of adaptive rotating template is proposed based on an improved partial area effect algorithm. Partial area effect algorithm is an effective edge detector based on an edge and acquisition model, which using the vertical or parallel template. We construct a new rotatable adaptive template, which is to align the direction of the template with the gradient direction of the edge pixel points. Finally, we estimated the planet center using least squares ellipse fitting. The result indicates that the algorithm can achieve higher location accuracy and robustness to noise.

An image Mosaic algorithm utilizing image overlap rate prior is proposed for bionic compound eye imaging system based on micro-surface fiber faceplate in this paper. Firstly, the two images to be spliced together are both divided into overlapping regions and non-overlapping regions using the prior of relative position and overlap rate of the sub-eye images. Then, Feature points in overlapping regions are extracted using Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) detector and described by Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (BRIEF) descriptor. The initial matching of the feature points is made with the hamming distance matching. Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) and angular consistency of the pairing feature points are used to further purify the feature point pairs. Finally, the weighted mean method is used on the images after registration to get the blended image. The sub-eye images are spliced in each layer and then the spliced images of each layer are stitched together successively to get the final panoramic image. Experimental results showed that the splicing speed of the proposed algorithm is 2 to 3 times higher than that of Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm. Compared with SURF algorithm, the splicing speed also increased by about 50%. In addition, more correct matching can be remained, so that the results of image registration and splicing can be more reliable. Thus, the proposed algorithm can promote the images real-time processing of the compound eye imaging system.

When the aircraft is flying at high speed in the atmosphere, the incoming flow is blocked in the front section of the dome, which causing the shape of the optical dome and the refractive index to change due to aerodynamic heating effect.These changes cause the beam from the target to generate additional phase after passing through the dome, causing the target image to shift, jitter, and blur. The aero-optical transmission effect affects the imaging quality of the target，meanwhile the high-temperature dome generates thermal radiation, thus generates radiation noise, and reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the detector.In order to study the comprehensive impact of aero-optical effects (including the aero-optical transmission effect and the aerodynamic thermal radiation effect) on the imaging quality of high-speed aircraft,the temperature field distribution and deformation field distribution of the dome are obtained by the thermal analysis of the dome.The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to trace beam from the target and the dome's own radiation beam.The point spread function, MTF curve of the target image formed on the detector and the irradiance distribution on the detector were obtained through simulation calculation, and the target distorted image was obtained under affecting by the aero-optical transmission effect and the aerodynamic thermal radiation effect .Research indicates that when the aircraft is flying at high speed, the imaging quality of the high-speed aircraft optical system is seriously degraded under the influence of the aero-optical transmission effect and the aerodynamic thermal radiation effect, hence the aero-optical effect cannot be ignored.

In the field of conventional precision guided weapon design, the aircraft dome is generally designed as part of a hemispherical dome or hemispherical dome. Hemispherical domes are easy to produce, detect and correct aberration, but hypersonic vehicles equipped with hemispherical domes generate huge air resistance and a large number of aerodynamic thermal effects during atmospheric flight, seriously affecting the working conditions of precision guided weapons. Therefore, the paper breaks through the traditional spherical dome shape design, establishes the conformal dome model of freeform surfaces such as von Karman curve, quadratic curve and sine curve, and analyzes and compares the aerodynamic thermal performance of the above-mentioned various surface domes with finite element method. The conclusion is drawn that the optimization of the dome surface based on different free curves can effectively improve the aerodynamic thermal performance of supersonic precision guided weapons and reduce the influence of aerodynamic heating on its working state.

X-ray single photon detection system convert the x-ray single photon to electrical signal for x-ray pulsar detection, etc., which commonly use detectors as SI-APD (Silicon - avalanche photodiode), SDD (Silicon drift detector), Si-PIN (Silicon PIN photodiode). The x-ray pulsar detection requires higher time-accuracy sensor corresponding to only one pixel. The energy of x-ray pulsar is very weak, approximately 2.3 counts/s•cm² in LEO(Low earth orbit). In order to improve the efficiency of detection, detection array of multiple detectors is used to increase the effective detection area. The project of this paper selected 8×10 SDD sensor array. Each detector has independent readout circuit. Therefore, system gain and response time are different, resulting in nonuniform response to homologous target, this nonuniformity includes the gain response nonuniformity and the time response nonuniformity, in this paper, the gain response nonuniformity correction method is discussed. The usual method of gain response nonuniformity correction is using the signal source as the circuit input instead of the detector, which has inevitable consequence: the signal source must have extremely high precision and the signal Integrity, such as cable interface or connection distance, is indeed quite sensitive because of the huge gain of the single photon detector circuit, which is usually thousand-fold. Moreover, the usual calibration method can’t correct the detector's own response nonuniformity, and the efficiency is low through the one-by-one correction. In this paper, the "characteristic peak correction method for specific target materials" is proposed, and the implementation of the method is as follows: bombard the characteristic target using high-energy x-ray source (>40keV), get the target material characteristic peak by calculating the amplitude histogram of the output signal (characterization of x-ray Single photon energy), and obtain the correction coefficient after normalization. For example, the Fe Target has main characteristic peak of K_α 6.494keV, K_β 7.058keV as well as impurities characteristic peak of 3.692keV (Ca), 2.014keV(P), 0.277keV(C). The correction coefficient can be obtained by using least squares method. The correction method calibrates the nonuniformity of 80 detectors and obtains the correction parameters of different detectors at the same time. The experimental results show that the correction accuracy of the characteristic peak correction method for specific targets is better than 0.5%, which is much higher than the traditional method of signal source correction. The correction system for this paper uses FPGA+MRAM architecture, where the MRAM is used to store correction parameters, and to achieve real-time corrections in orbit. The Simulink-SG Modular design language is used. The MRAM is especially used to save the correction parameters, so that uploading correction parameters in orbit is available. Through the specific target detection in orbit and the ‘characteristic peak correction method for specific target materials ’, the correction can be finished in orbit, that ensures the calibration accuracy of the X-ray pulsar detection system at the end of life.

The infrared transmitting electromagnetic interference shielding (Infrared-EMI) filters were fabricated through transferring multilayer graphene on ZnS and As₄₀Se₆₀ infrared substrates. The monolayer graphene was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) catalyzed by copper foil. The carrier mobility of monolayer graphene transferred on quartz glass is 1318.9 cm² /V·s, sheet resistance (R_s) is 483 Ω/ and I(2D)/I(G) of Raman result is 2.27. The monolayer graphene on copper foil was transferred on ZnS and As₄₀Se₆₀ substrates using wet chemical etching method, the multilayer graphene were overlaid on ZnS and As₄₀Se₆₀ substrates by repeating the same transferring process. The Rs of monolayer graphene film on ZnS substrate is 1100 Ω/ and decreases to 65 Ω/ as the number of graphene layer rises to 13. The R_s of monolayer graphene on As₄₀Se₆₀ substrate is 1414 Ω/ and decreases to 68 Ω/ as the number of graphene layer is up to 17. ZnS substrate transferred with 13 layers of graphene shows relative 94.7 % infrared transmittance in 8~12 μm waveband. As₄₀Se₆ substrate transferred with 17 layers of graphene on As₄₀Se₆ substrate show relative 81.3 % infrared transmittance in 8~18 μm waveband. OTA300 - 104 V. The average EMI shielding effectiveness of multilayer graphene on ZnS (13 layers) and on As₄₀Se₆₀ substrates (17 layers) in a frequency range of 30 MHz~1.5 GHz is 15.6 dB and 13.3 dB, respectively. ZnS-graphene and As₄₀Se₆₀-graphene Infrared-EMI filter realize the coexistence of infrared transmitting and EMI shielding function.

In this work, Be ions were used for p-type doping by implantation because of its light mass and consequently lower damage introduction rate. Photodiode properties of implanted InSb with both conventional annealing and rapid thermal annealing were also presented. The p-on-n structure samples were fabricated by Be ions bombarding with the doses of 2×10¹⁴ cm^-2 and 5×10¹⁴ cm^-2 at room temperature. The implanting energy was chosen at 100KeV, 120KeV and 140KeV, respectively. Then SIMS measurements were taken to confirm the depth and doping concentration distribution. The rapid thermal annealing and conventional annealing were employed to make the comparison. The InSb photodiodes were fabricated using the process including mesa etching, passivation, and metallization. The current-voltage curves with both annealing methods were obtained at 77K, showing that the diodes with annealing condition of 350 .60 minutes has the highest zero-bias resistance. The diodes by conventional furnace annealing have better performance than that of rapid thermal annealing.

Multi-dimensional composite detection technology can realize the spectrum, polarization, intensity imaging three functions, effectively explore and observe the space target. This paper first introduces the current situation of spectrum, polarization and intensity imaging at home and abroad. On this basis, the idea of three-in-one solution of spectral polarization imaging is proposed, and it is believed that spectral polarization imaging detection technology will become the new technology direction of space target monitoring in China.

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a widely used method of hyperspectral unmixing (HU) since it can simultaneously decompose the hyperspectral data matrix into two nonnegative matrices. While traditional NMF cannot guarantee the sparsity of the decomposition results and remain the geometric structure during the decomposition. On the other hand, deep learning, with carefully designed multi-layer structures, has shown great potential in learning data representation and been widely used in many fields. In this paper, we proposed a graph-regularized and sparsityconstrained deep NMF (GSDNMF) for hyperspectral unmixing. The deep NMF structure was acquired by unfolding NMF into multiple layers. To improve the unmixing performance, the L₁ regularizers of both the endmember and abundance matrices were used to add sparsity constraint. And the graph regularization term in each layer was also incorporated to remain the geometric structure. Since the model is a multi-factor NMF problem, it is difficult to optimize all the factors simutaneously. In order to acquire better intializations for the model, we proposed a layer-wise pretraining strategy to initialize the deep network based on the efficient NMF solver, NeNMF. An alternative update algorithm was also proposed to further fine-tune the network to obtain the final decompositon results. Experiments on both the synthetic data and real data demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms several state-of-art approaches.

Zinc oxide thin films with Ag dopant (ZnO:Ag) were prepared on n-type silicon and quartz substrates by co-sputtering and post annealing. The ZnO:Ag thin films were measured by means of ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer, Hall Effect and I-V experiment. Optical measurement results show that the average transmittance of ZnO:Ag thin films in the wavelength range of 200~850 nm decrease with the increase of Ag content. The Hall effect measurement results show that the corresponding hole concentration of the ZnO:Ag film is 1.29×10²¹ cm^-3 . This reveals that the ZnO:Ag film is really p-type behavior. The sensitivity of p-ZnO:Ag/n-Si heterojunction structure is 0.1985. The devices based on p-type ZnO:Ag thin films have a good ultraviolet light (360 nm) sensitive properties.

With the rapid development of optoelectronic technology, multi-band reconnaissance equipments have been widely used in the military field, which puts forward the requirement of multi-band compatible stealth for the targets. Actually, most of military targets, with strong heat sources, are hidden in the background of green plants. Therefore, to realize muiti-band compatible stealth means that the target surface should not only simulate the spectral characteristics of green vegetation in visible light and near infrared wavebands, but also have low emissivity in far infrared waveband to suppress the thermal radiation. However, it is difficult to obtain such special spectral characteristics for traditional coatings. A a new kind of man-made structure function material, photonic crystals (PC) could realize thermal infrared compatible because of its high-reflection photonic band gap. Firstly, taking ZnSe and Te as dielectric materials, a periodic PC film system is designed by using the characteristic matrix method. Then, using needle method, a method to design optical film system, ZnSe and the MgF₂ films with different thicknesses are respectively inserted to the PC structure, and the ideal film structure is eventually obtained. This film material has a reflectance spectrum curve similar to that of green plants in 0.4-1.2 μm waveband. Simultaneously, the reflectivity in 8-12 μm band is 0.95, which can effectively reduce the thermal radiation intensity of the target surface. The above results show that this new type of film material can achieve multi-band compatible stealth for visible light, near infrared and far infrared bands under the greenwood background.

Based on the properties of InGaAs photocathode, the critical thickness of epitaxial layer is calculated, the structure of InGaAs/InP photocathode is designed, and the In0.53Ga0.47As/InP semiconductor material samples are epitaxially grown by MOCVD. We use the ultra-high vacuum preparation technology in cathode growth. After chemical cleaning, utilizing the GaAs photocathode multi-information measurement system which prepared by our laboratory, the InGaAs/InP photocathode samples are thermally purified at 650°C, 550°C and 400°C, respectively. Finally, the thermal purification results of InGaAs/InP photocathode materials are obtained through the surface analysis which carried out by XPS. At the same time, the spectral response curves at different thermal purification temperatures are given out. The research data will contribute to the further development of InGaAs/InP photocathode in the field of near-infrared low light level detection.

To determine the reflectance of the optical resonator lens, an open optical resonant cavity and a long-path absorption reference cell (absorption length has already known) were build up. The measurement is executed with a spectral line of 13146.58cm^-1 in the atmospheric environment. By adjusting the resonator cavity length, the integrated absorbance at different cavity lengths is obtained and compared with the integrated absorbance of the long-path absorption cell to obtain the cavity length gain coefficient. The average value of the gain coefficient measured in the experiment is 85.1782, the standard deviation is 0.420123, and the average reflectivity is calculated as 0.988396, the standard deviation is 0.000056324. To determine the accuracy of the reflectance, we adjusted the cavity length to 17cm, and measured the oxygen absorption spectral signal in the atmospheric environment (@288.5K,1atm).The measured integral absorbance A is 0.0574223(S（δ）=0.000436793), the calculated oxygen component concentration X=20.86%, compared with the value measured by the oxygen concentration meter, the error ∆=0.0031%. The experimental results show that this system can effectively carry out calibration work of cavity mirror reflectivity, at the same time, it also proves that the system has the ability to measure weak-oxygen spectrum absorption signals under short-distance conditions.

High sensitivity is needed for space-based infrared weak target detecting. Pixel-level Digital Integration is an effective method for promoting detection sensitivity. It’s well suited for long integration time or high irradition targets detecting. To meet the application requirements, multistage digital TDI and secondary quantification were proposeed based on pixel-level digital integration. These methods could extend integration time equivalent and restrain quantization noise. The multistage digital TDI could overcome the problem of integral time limited by the dwell time of space-based platform. The secondary quantification could reduce quantization noise to an ignorable level and therefore promote system sensitivity efficiently to photon-noise limit. On this work in progress, detecting systems with milli-kelvin level sensitivity and for infrared weak targets could be carried out.

The lightning imager is one of the three main loads of FY-4 Meteorological Satellite. It is the first optical remote sensing device for lightning detection at high altitude in our country. It runs on the geostationary orbit, and the technical index of lightning detection has reached the international leading level. Aiming at the characteristics of high orbit lightning detection, this paper analyzes the methods of lightning detection. The lightning imager uses spectral features, time and space differences between transient lightning and slowly changing clouds, land and ocean background noise. The lightning signal is detected by combining spectral filtering, time filtering, spatial filtering and frame frame background removal, and the continuous multi frame data is in real time on orbit. Theory, target extraction and coding. Through orbit verification, the lightning imager can detect the lightning signals of different intensity in the coverage area in real time, and predict, warn and track the strong convective weather in the region more timely and accurately.

Point cloud is an important data type for representing the geometric characteristics of industry elements. Due to its irregular format, most researchers transform such data to regular 3D voxel grids or collections of images and apply existing mature deep learning framework on it. In this paper, we proposed a deep metric learning based network which projects point sets into embedding space to pull the intra-class samples closer and push the inter-class samples far away. To further facilitate the future research on this problem, a new dataset (Industry Element 8) containing 8 industry elements cloud point is built. Experimental results have demonstrated the superior performance of our proposed learning network.

This paper proposed a hyperspectral subpixel target detection algorithm based on joint spectral and spatial preprocessing prior to endmember extraction and spectral angle mapping(SAM). Under the condition that the prior information of targets and background is unknown, the spectral and spatial information is used to locate and detect targets. Then we can make hyperspectral subpixel targets detected and recognised. The joint spectral and spatial preprocessing prior to endmember extraction method is performed to extract endmembers. The spectral angle mapping method is used to detect and recognize the interested targets. The hyperspectral image collected by AVIRIS is applied to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm is compared with SAM algorithm and RX algorithm by a specifically designed experiment. From the results of the experiments, it is illuminated that the proposed algorithm can detect subpixel targets with lower false alarm rate and its performance is better than that of the other algorithms under the same condition.

Infrared weak and small target detection has important application value in military field, and is a hot research topic in the field of target detection. With the research and development of technology, some guiding and innovative detection algorithms are emerging, especially the advantage of machine learning algorithm. In this paper, the infrared week and small target detection is considered as the two classification problem of target and background, and an infrared week and small target detection algorithm based on multiple features SVM posterior probability is proposed and applied to the weekly vision search system. In the experiment, the SVM classification model is obtained by using 8 good segmentation characteristics as the main reference value of the identification target and background, and training the training set through a large number of target and background samples. Finally, the SVM posterior probability is selected as the output of the detection result.The simulation experiment of this algorithm and the application experiment in the transplant week search system show that the method of this method has higher target detection probability (not less than 95%),the false alarm probability is lower, and the time complexity of the algorithm is low, and the hardware resource is less, and it has a good prospect of engineering application.

Image stitching is to create a wider viewing angle image with high quality from a series of images which have overlapping regions. It is one of the most important fields of image processing. The traditional global homography method, such as AutoStitch, will be invalid when the scene is not planar or the views differ not purely by rotation. The local homography warping method, which is based on the grid optimization algorithm, such as as-projective-as-possible(APAP) warping can get a better result relative to global homography method, but it deeply relies on the quality and quantity of matching points. In this paper, a new method for low texture scene stitching was proposed which combines point features and line features to compute local warping matrix. So the method can get enough features in low texture region. Our results are compared with APAP and AutoStitch method. The results show that our method have less ghosting and deformation.

Multispectral imaging technology is an advanced imaging method to acquire both spatial and spectral information in the image. Miniaturized spectral imaging system based on CMOS sensors integrated with Fabry-Perot interferometer makes it convenience for people to get the multispectral image outdoor because of the low-cost, high speed, especially compact size. However, the parasitic effects of the system makes the spectrum deviating from the ideal, applications for classification and recognition based on spectral information are limited. Hence, spectrum reconstruction method is applied to calibrate objects toward domain-specific with priori knowledge. And the experiment with test samples independent of the training data shows that, the MSE improves more than 20% compared with the raw data measured by the multispectral camera.

The preparation of mesa-type InSb infrared focal plane detectors based on Be ion implantation was studied. The conventional furnace annealing of 350°C for 60 minutes was used to repair the lattice damage due to the implantation. The as-annealed InSb wafers were fabricated into InSb 128×128 array focal plane arrays with pixel size of 50 μm. The current-voltage and imaging characterization shows that the average peak detectivity reaches as high as 7.48×10¹⁰ cm·Hz^1/2/W, with bad pixel ratio of < 0.5% and NETD of 28mK were achieved, implying the InSb detectors by Be implantation has considerable performance with diffusion ones.

Exit pupil expansion for retinal scanning displays (RSDs) is studied in this paper. Different exit pupil expanders (EPEs) are introduced, and exit pupil expansion utilizing a single microlens array (SMLA) together with a collimating lens is proposed after analysis and simulation. Experiments with different EPEs are conducted to show the feasibility of the proposed configuration.

Infrared imaging guidance is the development trend of infrared missile guidance system. Infrared imaging guidance missile’s target recognition simulation model was built by the in-depth analysis of the operating principles of infrared imaging guidance system. The detailed processing algorithm of infrared image preprocessing was simulated. And based on the gray distribution information and the edge shape information of the target area, the length-width ratio, complexity, compactness and the average value of gray were selected as the target image features. The similarity function model was presented as the criterion of target classification and recognition with the features. Infrared countermeasure simulation system was established, which mainly includes target aircraft model, airborne surface-type IR decoy model, infrared guidance missile model and operational effectiveness evaluation model. Finally, the effectiveness of the infrared imaging guidance missile’s target recognition simulation model was evaluated under the infrared jamming condition. And the operational effectiveness of the missile under the surface-type IR decoy interfering was analyzed by using the single performance and the overall effectiveness evaluation indexes.

In order to maximize the communication speed of space lasers, and at the same time greatly simplify the space platform's laser capture/tracking/alignment/communication system, the use of fiber laser communication phased array technology is a new important way out. This study starts with the possible interaction between laser intensity coded communication and fiber laser phase control. On the one hand, the correlation between the structure layout of fiber laser phased array and laser communication system, the phased array phase lock, angle scanning and laser communication stability are studied. On the other hand, demonstrates that the modulation rate of laser communication may interfere with the phase locked stability of the phased array; 3 channels are selected as laser communication channels from a 8 channels 1064 nm fiber laser line array phased array system; Some valuable experimental data and preliminary results are obtained with cooperation of communication signal generation/detection equipment provided by the cooperation unit: For example, when in an 8 channels array, when 3 channels laser communication modulators have a communication speed of GHz, the influence to the main performance detection and evaluation methods of the fiber laser phased array. The above research provides an important design idea for exploring the feasibility of combining fiber laser phased array with space laser communication.

For correctly estimating the detection distance of the infrared system to the ground target, this paper establishes a physical model of a typical ground target and numerically calculates the temperature distribution of the target surface, then analyzes and calculates the infrared radiation intensity distribution of the ground target in the 3~5μm. Secondly, the radiation attenuation in the atmosphere are considered, then a operating range equation of IR detection system to a target is given, and a step-by-step approximation method is presented for obtaining the feasible solution to the equation. Finally, for a case, operating ranges are gained at various weather environment and detecting angle. Some meaningful conclusions have been drawn, providing an important theoretical basis and technical support for infrared stealth and protection of ground targets.

With the wide use of high speed cameras, the use of high frame frequency images and fast playback has become an important way to study the key events. In view of the problem of key frame retrieval and recognition and large capacity data remote transmission in fast playback, this paper proposes a technology of using Gauss background modeling and image super compression to achieve the fast playback reality of moving objects. Firstly, the imaging characteristics and background environmental characteristics of moving targets are analyzed, the steps of online modeling of mixed Gauss background are designed, and the implementation process and typical parameters are given. According to the target motion process, a playback script is customized, and the data volume and communication bandwidth of the high speed camera are calculated, a super compression ratio compression model based on transmission time, bandwidth and data volume is established. Combined with the method of application implementation, the modular block diagram and technical flow of replay processing are designed, and the basic relationship between the input and output parameters is clarified. The actual image sequence shows that in a typical target, equipment and network environment, using this technology can automatically identify key segment image sequences, realize image transmission and playback section can accurately judge the reality, for key events and provide effective technical support.

Defects detection of high-speed train bogies by image processing has the advantages of non-contact, fast and high precision. Small defects can be identified and located quickly by comparing the current captured image with the previously saved defects-free image. Actually, the viewing angles and positions of images taken on the same location at different time are usually different. So image registration is needed before the image comparison. This paper proposes an image registration based on binocular stereo matching. The two images taken under different viewing angles or positions can be considered as a stereo image pair. The proposed method utilizes the results of image feature matching and the corresponding essential matrix to obtain the 3D coordinates of feature points. And the 3D coordinates of non-feature points can be estimated by those of adjacent feature points’. By this way, each single pixel on the current image can be re-projected into the normal image, and image registration is accomplished. Compared with the traditional methods, the result image of the proposed approach is more accurate.

Many studies have indicated that spectrum is mainly decided by substratum and water depth in shallow water，so spectrum above one kind of substrate is only decided by water. According to this idea we studied the technology of substrate classification, as well as analyzed the impacts of various water-depth extraction factors on the inversion accuracy. The following results have been obtained. (1) SVM has the highest classification accuracy, whose Kappa coefficient was 0.86 and overall accuracy was 92.34%, which is higher than that of neural network and maximum likelihood. (2) Correlation coefficient between factors based on spectral shape and water depth were over 70%, which is higher than that based on spectral amplitude. (3) SA and SGA are all have an exponential correlation with water depth and their inversion accuracy was almost the same. The mean relative error and mean absolute error for two factors were 9.9%,0.61m and 7.3%,0.74m, respectively. But they have different performance in various substrate area and depth.

With the development of infrared technology, the cost of detector is decreasing and the application of staring imaging is becoming more and more extensive, which promotes the improvement of the antimissile warning level of the weapon platform. In the paper, a method for the antitank missile warning and precise recognition is presented based on the infrared characteristics of missile exhaust plume and the motion features of ballistic target. Firstly, the current status of missle warning technology is summarized. A hemispherical infrared staring detector of actual application is designed for ground weapon platform. The key technical indicators are given, and the technical routine of point target imaging warning is illustrated. Based on the above warning devices and typical observation scenarios, the relationship between target infrared radiation, observation distance and motion velocity is established, and a detection warning model is established. Combining with the actual application scene, the infrared warning distance window optimization, velocity calculation precision and point target recognition threshold are synthetically verified, and the analysis and quantification of critical data are gived. It showes that in typical scene detection and warning, the modeling of infrared characteristics and motion features can effectively achieve the antitank missile warning; under the control of observation conditions, the uncertainty of infrared radiation and motion velocity are less than 10%, which can be used to precise recognition the target under threshold of 30%.

The paper reviews the relevant development status of domestic and international solar blind ultraviolet and infrared warning, According to current application demands for the payload of the missiles warning in the near-space, this paper presents a dual-band early warning system, which covers the solar blind ultraviolet (250nm-280nm) and MWIR (3000-5000nm). The system uses dual-band to achieve military missile detection and warning, which can effectively reduce the false alarm rate. The optical system uses a four off-axis system as the main anti-optical systems and the splitter was introduced to realize on two spectral bands. According to the detector and the corresponding application needs two-band optical system, this paper completed the calculations and optical system design. After the design is complete, MTF two bands of the optical system in the Nyquist frequency are: solar blind ultraviolet MTF>0.8@39lp/mm, MWIR MTF>0.7@39lp/mm, The maximum RMS spot diameter of two optical systems are smaller than the size of a detector, The single energy cell concentration is greater than 80%.

The aircraft flight attitude can be obtained by the dynamic visual measurement system for aircraft (hereinafter short for MSA). It is crucial for MSA to evaluate its flight attitude measurement accuracy. There are several indoor evaluation methods for the MSA’s attitude measurement accuracy which is not suitable outdoors. Therefore, we present a method for evaluating its flight attitude measurement accuracy at outdoor working site. A three-dimensional standard verification field can be established by reasonable distribution of mark targets on the surface of outdoor building group. We construct a verification system for flight attitude measurement accuracy at outdoor working site. The building group whose threedimension scale is similar to the aircraft’s three-dimension scale is selected to construct the standard verification field. Paste mark points on the surface of the building group and their coordinates in 3D space are measured by the threedimensional coordinate measuring station consisting of two electronic theodolites. Mark points with known coordinates construct the standard verification field. Still photographs of the standard verification field are taken by the MSA. the attitude solved from the still photographs is used as reference attitude. Manipulate the MSA to shoot and record dynamically to simulate the real working condition, and photographs are taken to solve the dynamic measurement attitude at the same time. Accuracy analysis and evaluation can be performed using the dynamic measurement attitude and the reference attitude to provide scientific basis for debugging, checking outdoor parameters and acceptance of equipment.

: In this work, bibliometric analysis was applied to evaluate developing trend of image research. The data were collected from 2013 to 2017 from the Science Citation Index database. The published papers from different subjects, journals, authors, countries and keywords distributed in several aspects of research topics proved that image research increased rapidly over recent five years.

This article presents the fabrication of the front-illuminated planar type InGaAs infrared detector based on the lateral collection structure. The detector with the cutoff wavelength 1.7μm was fabricated on the NIN-type InP/InGaAs/InP hetero-structure materials with sealed-ampoule method using Zn₃P₄ as the diffusion source. And the detector with the dimension of 460μm×1000μm consists of four lateral collection regions and the width of each region is 15μm. Furthermore, the electrical properties and photo response characteristics were investigated between detectors with the lateral collection structure and normal structure. The Laser beam induced current (LBIC) map shows that the photoresponse of lateral collection InGaAs detector at 296 K is quite uniform and the photoresponse signals generated in the lateral collection regions are the same as them in PN junction regions. The lateral collection regions disappear from view since the electron/hole pairs generated in the regions are all collected by the electrical field of depletion region. It turns out that the average peak detectivity and the density of dark current of the detectors with lateral collection structure and normal structure is 3.22×10¹² cm·Hz^1/2/W and 3.00×10¹² cm·Hz^1/2/W, 4.85 nA/cm² and 22 nA/cm² at -100 mV respectively. Therefore, the lateral collection structure could substantially reduce the dark current by 70% compared with the normal structure.