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We combined NIR-II illumination at ~1.7 μm with reflectance confocal microscopy and achieved an imaging depth of ~1.3 mm with high spatial resolution in adult mouse brain in vivo, which is 3-4 times deeper than that of conventional confocal microscopy using visible wavelength. We showed that the method can be added as an additional channel to any laser-scanning microscope with low-cost sources and detectors, such as continuous-wave (CW) diode lasers and InGaAs photodiodes. The technique is label-free, simple and requires low illumination power, potentially creating new opportunities for deep tissue imaging in various biological and clinical applications.
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Fei Xia, Chunyan Wu, David Sinefeld, Bo Li, Yifan Qin, Chris Xu, "In vivo label-free confocal imaging of adult mouse brain up to 1.3-mm depth with NIR-II illumination," Proc. SPIE 10865, Neural Imaging and Sensing 2019, 1086504 (1 March 2019); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2509132