This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 11023, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Author and Conference Committee lists.

Sound signal excited by the interaction of laser and water has high range resolution and Marine anti-interference ability, it has broad application prospects in the area of underwater target detection. This paper deals with the problem of underwater target detection, the mechanism of laser-induced vaporization is studied, the experiment of laser vaporization is designed in this paper. The research results can provide reference for underwater target detection.

To deal with the shortcoming of the Tikhonov regularization in which the blurred image is extended with a zeros extension matrix. With careful analysis of the algorithms with Tikhonov regularization under zero boundary condition, a new extension matrix for the blurred image was proposed. The improved algorithm is in accord with the real image blurring process. Experimental results show that compared with other popular algorithms, the improved method performs favorably in solving the problem of the Average degradation and Gaussian degradation.

In laser guidance, the response uniformity of the four quadrant photodetector has an important influence on the guidance accuracy. Each quadrant photodetector needs to measure the response consistency between quadrants and be calibrated to the same response. In this paper, large area uniform laser irradiation is used to measure the inhomogeneity between detector quadrants. The gain compensation method is used to calibrate the inhomogeneity between detector quadrants. The main core of this method is that it needs to be able to modulate the intensity of the light source; the area of the light source can be modulated, and the maximum area should be able to completely cover the four photosensitive surfaces of the detector; the light source is a beam of uniform light power. In order to solve the problem that the uniform light effect is not ideal in traditional measurement methods such as spreading beam and frosted glass scattering, a beam expander and a beam homogenizer are used to realize the high uniformity of the uniform light spot. The detector is mounted on the single axis turntable and rotated around the optical axis to make the light received on the detector more uniform. This method realizes a four-quadrant detector for consistency calibration of quadrant response in the range of optical power of a certain wavelength. The method is simple, precise, stable and easy to implement.

In the No-Reference Image Quality Assessment, it is important to play a role in accurate positioning accuracy of the algorithm on image quality. Based on the current application of no reference image evaluation algorithm of some mainstream in a public database of research, including based on edge detection, based on energy distribution and based Pixel semaphore. Experiments show that the test accuracy of the algorithm based on edge detection can reach 95% in‘TID2013’data set and 91% in the traffic database and the speed of each picture is 0.002s, which is obviously better than the evaluation algorithm based on energy distribution and the evaluation algorithm based Pixel semaphore. It can be used as the basis of image evaluation for traffic monitoring system.

The radiation gain of UV image intensifier is an important index to measure response capability of ultraviolet detector, thus its accurate measurement is necessary. This paper establishes radiation gain measurement method and device of ultraviolet image intensifier, The process of measuring the magnitude and Influencing factors for the measurement of ultraviolet radiation gain by the equipment were analyzed. And the error analysis of the measurement uncertainty of the device, The radiation gain measurement has an extended uncertainty of 9.59%, It can meet the requirements of high precision measurement of radiation gain of UV image intensifier. The research achievement can support the research and development of domestic ultraviolet detectors, thus providing an effective and accurate detection method for improving and promoting the technical performance of ultraviolet detectors.

Graphene-Si heterojunction devices have been widely studied in the field of photoelectric detection, solar cells and sensors areas. However, optical modulation devices based on graphene-Si heterojunction have been rarely reported. Herein, we analyze the photoelectric performance of the graphene-Si heterojunction at different laser powers. The Fermi level of the graphene can be tuned as the photo-excited holes in Si diffuse into the graphene. For the hybrid Si-graphene waveguide modulator, the maximum modulation efficiency of 279.3 dB/cm is achieved at 1550 nm by using finite element analysis method. We hope that the study of the graphene-Si heterojunction can provide a way for application in hybrid graphene-Si waveguide modulators.

The discharge phenomenon in low-light-level image intensifier was proposed , and the occurs of the discharge in the tube was analysed. Starting from the structure of the tube, the quality and process environment to improve the manufacture were also prosed. Valuable solutions from tube structure to process controlling for eliminating it was proposed and was proved to be effective.

In order to meet the application requirements of a space borne polarizing radiometer infrared band, a high-precision on-orbit temperature control scheme for the infrared detector combining active temperature control and passive temperature control is proposed. The infrared detector is installed on the heat sink copper block, and the temperature of heat sink copper block is controlled at -20°C~-30°C through the method of auxiliary cold plate + heat pipe thermal conduction. Combined with the infrared detector built-in three-level thermoelectric cooler, the photosensitive surface temperature of the infrared detector is cooled to below -60°C by a method of constant current driving. In order to ensure the measurement accuracy of infrared radiation polarization, the short-term temperature fluctuation of the photosensitive surface of the infrared detector is required to be less than 0.03°C/s. This article has designed the infrared detector temperature control scheme verification test, and actually measured the stability of infrared detector temperature and dark current. The results of the simulation and tests show that the range of infrared detector heat sink temperature is - 25±5°C, the range of infrared detector photosensitive surface temperature is -65°C ～ -75°C,the rate of short-term temperature change of the infrared detector photo-sensitive surface is better than 0.01°C/s, and the dark current fluctuation is less than 1.3pA. Satisfying the on-orbit high-precision polarization measurement requirements.

A multi-dimensional modulation scheme in inter-satellite quantum communication based on pulse position modulation and polarization encoding is put forward and designed. By this way we can send additional classical signal simultaneously when transmitting quantum signal. The basic principle of multi-dimensional modulation scheme is introduced. Simulation experiment is performed using Optisystem and Matlab simultaneously. The binary sequence before modulation and that after demodulation are compared and analyzed. The error bit rate, eye diagram and quality factor of classical optical date are obtained. Stabilities of classical optical signal during the transmission are tested. The results show that this multi-dimensional modulation scheme can decrease the numbers of information channels needed, increase information transmission efficiency and reduce the demands for power load systematic complexity in communication terminals. The proposed coexistence system is confirmed to be effective and applicable.

Based on multi-weld seam of image intensifier tube, we have designed the leak detection platform for high vacuum electron devices, the experimental result show that Helium injection method’s minimum leakage rate is 10^-11Pa·m³/s, and pressed integration method’s minimum leakage rate less than 10^-11Pa·m³/s, and it is of positive significance to improve the life of the device.

A novel electro-optical coupled equivalent circuit model for DFB lasers is presented in the Advanced Design System (ADS) computer-aided design environment, according to theoretical analysis for the input impedance equivalent circuit and the single-mode rate equations of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. This model considers the influences of the input impedance and parasitic parameters of DFB laser modules, and which can emulate its voltage-current-light (V-I-L) static and dynamic response process. The simulation results show a good agreement with the measured results quoted from a literature on the direct current (DC) bias characteristics and small-signal frequency response characteristics. Therefore, the model provides great reference values in utilizing as numerical simulation and physical design for the DFB lasers as well as optoelectronic devices with its simple form, good numerical convergence and accurate calculation.

In this paper, an experimental system for detecting the damage degree of the imaging optical system by using the cat's eye echo is established. The change mechanism of peak power of cat's eye echo is analyzed under different irradiation time. The relationship between the peak power of the echo and the damage degree of the CCD are established accordingly. The study found that the peak power of the cat's eyes echoes decrease dramatically, then increase significantly, then drop again, then increase again and decrease finally with the increase of the degree of damage of the CCD according to the damage order. In practical application, it is possible to judge the damage state of the enemies optoelectronic imaging equipment according to this rule.

This paper establishes a theoretical model of silicon substrate irradiated by the combined laser which is composed of a high-peak-power laser and a continuous laser. We use the finite element method to analyse the temperature of the silicon substrate irradiated by the combined laser. Then we compare the damage effect of the silicon substrate which is respectively irradiated by the combined laser and continuous laser, which is under the condition that the average power density of combined laser is equal to the continuous laser. The results show that the laser can melt the surface of silicon substrate in a short time, while the continuous laser can not achieve this effect. The combined laser damage in silicon substrate is stronger than continuous laser.

Common Hartmann wavefront sensor bases on planar reference wave which prevent it measure the aberration of spherical wave directly. When adjusting an optical system with a Hartmann wavefront sensor, the optical path should be collimated firstly. It will make the measurement more complicated and may bring new aberration. To solve the problem, a Hartmann wavefront sensor which bases on spherical reference wave is proposed. In this paper, we analyze the principles of the Hartmann wavefront sensor and verify its feasibility by numerical simulation. The simulation result shows that, on the condition of RMS=1λ(λ=0.6328μm), the relative RMS of the residual error of the reconstructed wavefront is under 8% when the detected wavefront is the 2~15th order Zernike aberration.

In this paper, a testing system is introduced to monitor the beam quality of a laser beam propagating over a long distance. The system consists of a large aperture optical system, a high sensitivity receiving system, a fast signal processing circuit and so on. The laser beam quality propagating 10km can be tested, and the two-dimensional energy distribution, pre-mirror energy density, centroid coordinate and other parameters can be obtained.

This paper presents a wave front distortion compensation technique applied to single photon ranging system. The key technologies in the design and the expected results are analyzed, which provides the design basis for the remote detection of the single photon ranging system.

In this paper, an over-top tracking test system for electro-optical detection device is designed, which provides an overtop test environment for electro-optical detection device by using a two-dimensional motion turntable covering the target source of the infrared and visible light bands in a rolling and pitching shafting system. The electro-optical detection device for two-frame configuration provides over-top tracking[1] function and performance testing and verification conditions.

This paper presents a portable infrared/visible composite target simulator design configuration. The system adopts reflective optical design, through the combination of blackbody and visible light source system design and a variety of target plate, it can provide 0.4μm~12μm band simulation target, with parallel difference better than 10″ and 200mm optical aperture. It provides a variety of quasi-direct simulation targets for infrared and visible performance and dynamic tracking test of photoelectric detection equipment.

Modulation transfer function (MTF) is one of significant parameters for designing and evaluating an photoelectric imaging system. As the traditional MTF measurement algorithm cannot meet the need of discrete sampling characteristics for photoelectric system, an automatic interpolaton and sub-pixel matching algorithm based on slit tilting method is proposed.Through the least-square analysis of line spread function (LSF),the tilting angle can be automatically calculated, and interpolaton of sub-pixel data can be precisely reconstructed. The noise of oscillation can be effectively restrained by a hanning window function. A device composed of target generator system, off-axis reflective collimator, mechanical adjustment, electrical control system, video acquisition module and comprehensive software was setup. The validity of the method was verified by experiments. The repeatability reached 0.007。

On a high power solid laser facility, the wavefront coding (WFC) technology has been adopted to obtain 3m-13m over-long depth of field in an array optical components defect detection system[1]; The lack of the boundary information due to the sudden boundary truncation will cause the ringing effect in the image restoration process. By using the theory of the boundary condition s(BCs), an image enlarged by the different boundary hypothesis can be given; The frequency filtering has been used to find the restored result. The frequency property of the enlarged image and the effect to the boundary of the restored image are analyzed. Effectiveness and speediness of the proposed method are demonstrated by experiment results, which can give excellent deconvolution and noise suppression restored image and reduce the boundary ringing effect under the reflective boundary conditions in a wave-front coding (WFC) system. The experiment shows the proposed algorithm can give satisfactory restoration results on the long depth of field array optical components defect detection system[1] .

Dynamic infrared camouflage can need to change according to the background, and quickly from a state of camouflage into another state of camouflage. The image characteristics of various infrared camouflage states weak correlation, can make the infrared surveillance and tracking, target infrared characteristics of the real difficulty of the guidance system, unable to complete the target reconnaissance and combat, so as to improve the battlefield survivability of the target. According to different background conditions, infrared camouflage algorithm is adopted to realize infrared camouflage for equipment, so that equipment and background can be integrated. The evaluation of camouflage effect needs to be carried out through corresponding methods. Based on the principles of evaluation index selection, and given to evaluation object, evaluation purpose and evaluation method, constructs the evaluation index system, comprehensive selection of brightness contrast and color features, texture features three evaluation indexes. Combined with the specific test, the infrared camouflage effect was evaluated, the indicators were analyzed, and all the indicators were comprehensively analyzed according to the weight value. Finally, the optimal state for the comprehensive evaluation of the camouflage effect was given.

Combined with the design and construction of transmission lighting system, the machine vision detection scheme is proposed for bottle cap gap width inspection of industrial production line. With the consideration of the reflective properties of glass bottle material, the transmission lighting method using white LED array light source is designed.. It could avoid the disturbance on the detection algorithm caused by the nonuniformity of the imaging region. The vision detection algorithm is developed by using automatic bottle cap region search method and edge detection by seed growing. The upper and bottom edge line position is extracted precisely and the real bottle cap gap width is calculated by image pixel physical size calibration. The real experimental imaging system is setup and the experimental results demonstrate that the presented machine vision detection scheme could realize high precision bottle cap sealing gap width detection with detection precision as 0.01mm. The vision algorithm has high accuracy and the processing speed could satisfy the production line task requirements for bottle cap detection.

Spatial coherence of optical fields determines the propagation property of a light beam. In this paper, we study the atmospheric turbulence effect on ultraviolet(UV) beams. The degree of coherence of the UV beam is modelled as a fractional multi-Gaussian correlated Schell function with rotational symmetry. Results show that the spectral density of the UV beam can retain its shape over 1 km in weak and moderate atmosphere turbulence. The beam spread and slow decay of spectral density distribution of the UV would be beneficial for non-line-of-sight UV communications.

In order to study the influence of variation of the active laser coherence on the intensity correlation imaging, the coherence factor is introduced by the generalized Van Citter-Zernike theorem. Establishing the intensity correlation imaging model based on the variation of coherence, a laboratory experimental platform is designed. Hence, the effect of coherence on spectral modulus can be calculated by using the new model. Then, different phase retrieval algorithms are used to restore the images. The experimental results show that: coherence variation has an effect on the calculated spectral modulus, and the coherence factor can eliminate the effect to a certain extent. The intensity correlation imaging model based on coherence variation can better restore target images, which proved the correctness of the model. Image quality of prior information iteration algorithm is higher than that of hybrid input and output algorithm. The signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed image is measured to up to be 5.3 dB.

A high precision measuring device is required during the fixed-wing aircraft landing. In order to improve accuracy of laser scanning system, a scanning measurement model is established to carry out error analysis. The measurement error simulation is carried out for two cases without sea-wave disturbance and sea-wave disturbance, and the variation law of angle measurement error is obtained. The results show that the angle error becomes lager as the plane gets closer and closer to the landing point, and the error reaches the maximum when the plane landed. The wave disturbance will cause a small range of jitter in error curve, and the amplitude will increase slightly. The result provides a theoretical reference for the compensation correction of laser scanning measurement system.

The sunlight reflected from object surfaces is partly polarized, which is the useful information for polarized remote sensing. Therefore, it is important to perform the field polarization measurement, which can not only obtain the true physical polarization characteristics of object, but also be used to match with the polarimetric measured results from the airborne observation. However, there is no research concern the difference of polarized reflectance property between natural background and manmade objects in the natural environment. In this paper, we measure Visible-Near Infrared spectral polarized reflectance properties of two natural surfaces (soil and grass) and six manmade objects (cement and five painted materials) over the hemisphere directions in the field. The measurements are carried out with an automatic polarimetric spectrometer equipped with the goniometer. The results indicate that the polarization reflectance of manmade objects and natural background show the obvious anisotropic characteristics. The soil and grass produce the maximum reflectance value in the backscattering direction, which is opposite to the manmade objects. The polarized reflectance factor of manmade object is much greater than natural background, which can be used to effectively distinguish the object and the natural background. Our study has a great potential for target detection and identification in the field.

The color temperature and the correlated color temperature are important parameters in optical radiation measurement. In practical application, it has been a general indicator in representing illuminant color and the quality of spectrum. Starting with the source spectrum, the method via comparison has high precision, as well as a complicated process. A simplified arithmetic is needed to guarantee the veracity. Analyzing the model preliminarily on the basis of iso-color temperature line parameter given by CIE 1931, a new model can be built according to spectral power distribution. It takes steps by color temperature directly on computer programming, aiming at increasing the density of iso-color temperature line and homogeneity, and then, calculating the impact to the uncertainty of the result. By comparing with the other classical methods, it proves that high density interpolation is a programming method on calculating CCT with lesser error and better performance.

RF photonic link can provide significant benefits in transmitting and distributing RF signals to many separating stations by optical fiber. However, phase noise of transmitted RF signal in electrical-optical-electrical conversions is generally deteriorated by related optical noise. In this paper, a theoretical model about phase noise of RF photonic link is built, and the expressions and characteristics about phase noise are investigated. In the RF photonic link, phase noise is investigated for 100MHz RF signal. The experimental results can agree with the theoretical analysis.

In order to expand the scope of exterior trajectory measurement system, it is required to make full use of various heterologous measuring elements to establish a joint positioning model with multi-system measurement information to make up the traditional positioning method. Meanwhile, there must be many redundant observations in the tracking measurement. It will improve the accuracy and continuity of target tracking measurement and optimize the comprehensive measurement level of the measurement and control system and unit efficiency by making rational use of these redundant measurements and processing with data fusion algorithm. The measuring angle and range of optical measuring unit and constraint equation of GNSS pseudo range measurement information were discussed in this paper. Optical and GNSS joint measurement model was established. The least square solution of this nonlinear equation was obtained with Newton iteration method. Finally, simulation data was used to verify the result. The result shows that the target position can be calculated by making use of the measured information of optical and GNSS unit in the minimum positioning condition, and the accuracy of fusion calculation result will improve correspondingly when there are many redundant measurement elements.

Night vision technologies have been used in military and civilian monitor wildly. In this paper, an image fusion camera based on Infrared FPA, ICMOS and FPGA is designed. First, image acquisition module consist of bias voltage, AD circuits and optical system is built. The MCP in front of the CMOS ensures the gain up to 10⁴. Then, Verilog is written to drive these two sensors, pre-proceed the images data and push them into LPDDR. Moreover, we propose a fully parallel algorithm to fuse the images in real time using gradient. This algorithm neither needs iteration nor morphology, so it dose not consume the band width of LPDDR. Finally, video is output in PAL format.

Solid low-light imaging device is an important part of night vision, which has the advantage of high resolution, high contrast and small size, and it can work 24 hours. A handheld high-resolution low-light camera is proposed based on the characteristics of GSENSE400BSI CMOS image sensor in this paper. The camera includes CMOS driver, image correction, cache, low-light image enhancement and ultra-clear format encoding, implemented on an FPGA-based hardware platform. And the camera structure is optimized designed to realize the handheld operation. Finally, the experiments show that the low-illuminance camera display the details of the target clearly under 10-2 lx illumination, with an effective display resolution of 2048×2048@60fps.

This paper proposes a method for detecting oil tank targets that combines improved blotch feature detection and SVM sample learning in order to address deficiencies in the recognition of oil tank targets in thermal infrared remote sensing images due to indistinct edge information, high noise level, and small dimensions. First of all, initial detection was conducted on the basis of blotch features and mass features. Then the features of oil tank targets and an optimal combination of classification features were generated from sample learning. Finally oil tank targets were detected through classification based on SVM sample learning. The results of the experiment show that: 1) by setting appropriate parameters, this method combines blotch features and textural features for the extraction of a more comprehensive range of TIR oil tank features that can achieve the effective detection of oil tank targets; 2) based on the detection of blotch targets, this method can filter out false targets with relatively high accuracy and is capable of more stable and efficient recognition of Type #1 and Type #2 targets.

Potassium detection in the soil is of significant importance for agricultural industry. In this paper, chemometrics methods of artificial neural networks (ANN) and partial least squares (PLS) were comparatively used to detect K in the soil with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In total, 12 certified reference soils and 17 simulated soil samples with the K concentration of 0.1~3.3% were prepared. LIBS spectra at the wavelength of 723.62~808.24 nm were collected, and then analyzed with ANN and PLS method. The PLS model presented the result of R² _val=0.92 and RMSEV=0.26, the ANN model presented the result of R² _val=0.82 and RMSEV=0.40. ANN model showed under-fitting and the PLS model performed a better RPD than that of ANN. This demonstrated that the linear PLS model is capable to determinate K concentration in the soil using LIBS.

The vibration environment of the internal opto-machinal system of the electro-optical pod is different from the external vibration environment and needs to be accurately defined. Based on the detailed analysis of the vibration source distribution and response bandwidth of the airborne electro-optical system, the Cassegrain Opto-mechanical System is taken as the research object, and the complete analysis process is established from the original environmental excitation. The equivalent vibration algorithm is used to determine the micro-vibration conditions. The finite element detail model of the connection method is used for dynamic response. At the same time, based on the simulation model optomechanical system, an optical axis drift analysis method based on feature point correlation and response extremum judgment is proposed. The relationship between the displacement mode and the amount of drift of the optical axis is obtained.

A 320×256 readout integrated circuit (ROIC) with a pixel pitch of 30μm is presented for solar-blind AlGaN ultraviolet focal array plane (FPA). Capacitor feedback transimpendance amplifier (CTIA) has been selected as the input structure of the ROIC because of its excellent performance. A novel cascade amplifier with a symmetrical differential input stage is designed for input stage of CTIA, and an ultra-low capacitance with a value of 10fF is in the feedback loop of the amplifier as integral capacitor. Furthermore, the ROIC read out in a rolling shutter mode by using cascade D flip-flops. The ROIC has been fabricated 0.35μm 2P4M mixed signal CMOS process and interfaced with AlGaN solar-blind ultraviolet focal array plane (UVFPA). The test result shows that 320×256 AlGaN UVFPA has a wide dynamic range of 88.2dB with 5V power supply and has a high injection efficiency of 98.2%.

To solve the problem of velocity ambiguity caused by over high azimuth velocity in the conventional SAR/GMTI system, a kind of multi-channel interferometric SAR/GMTI scheme solving the radial velocity ambiguity of moving target is presented in this paper. This method sets up four non-uniformly interval receiving channels and designs each channel spacing reasonably. Interferometric cancellation is carried out on the sub image of two echo signal, then it can get two velocity sets, and the intersection of the two sets is the correct estimation of the target velocity. Thus, the problem of velocity ambiguity is solved effectively and the radial velocity of the target is estimated correctly. Analysis and computer simulation demonstrates the validity of the method.

This paper proposed a method of optical fiber gas sensing which based on the detection of sensitive phase of light wave combined with organic polymers, simultaneously, the experimental verification was given. We found that the refractive index of the organic polymer will change accompanied with the change of concentrations of acid gases that act with the organic polymer. So, we put the organic polymer film into the optical fiber Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavity and analyze the spectral characteristics of the output of the optical fiber F-P cavity, then, we realize the hydrogen sulfide gas sensing. Experimental results show that the refractive index of organic polymer decreasing when the concentration of the gas under the test is increasing. At low concentration, a system resolution record of 3.0455 ~ 4.7777 × 10⁻⁵m/%VOL is obtained, phase sensitivity is found to be 1.94 ×10² rad/%VOL and concentration resolution is found to be 5.15 x 10^-3 ppm. Through this test, we proved the possibility by using organic polymer to realize the sensing of gas. In general, this scheme can be applied to high-precision measurement of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and other gases in the petrochemical field.

The SAR DPCMAB(Displaced Phase Centers Multiple Azimuth Beams mode) can increase the sampling rate in the azimuth direction,whereas, it brings the problem of non-uniform sampling. Using spectrum reconstruction algorithm can regain the spectrum of uniform sampling signal. However, as the influence of interferential factors produced during the operation of SAR system, such as channel characteristics inconsistency, sampling time deviation, random noise etc, spectrum noise is appended to the reconstruction spectrum resulting in the loss of reconstruction accuracy. The paper analyses the relationship between interference factors and reconstruction error by researching spectrum reconstruction of non-uniformly sampled LFM signals affected by interferential factors. Reconstructed spectrum influenced by interferential factors is obtained in the simulation. Further more, we present the relationship curve between spectral bias and interference factors. The simulation results show that the reconstruction errors grow linearly with the enhance of the interferential factors and approach to the spectral bias of non-uniformly sampled signal finally.

This paper proposes a significant moving target detection method combining time difference and optical flow field filter for scenes with complex backgrounds such as streets and traffic intersections. Firstly, the gradation change region of the sequence image is obtained by using the cumulative frame difference, then the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm is introduced to obtain the optical flow field of the gray-scale change region. Finally, the optical flow time filter is used to filter the interference motion in the image background. The method can not only detect the motion area quickly and accurately, but also distinguish the spurious interference motion from the salient target (such as people, cars, etc.). So it detects the moving target in a complex background easily.

The polarization sensitivity is an important factor of quantification of remote sensing information, which is used to evaluate polarization response of remote sensors. In this paper, the white light laser, polarizing film, and the beam expander system make up the polarization measurement system. And then the polarization test is accomplished. Unlike the traditional analysis, this paper proposed a method of Fourier series fitting to analyze the polarization test data. Compared with the cosine function fit, Fourier series fitting is closer to the real data, and the influence of natural light and elliptic polarized light. And it has advantage in the error analysis of polarization test and can help improve polarization test precision. At last, the errors of polarization measurement is analyzed.

CMOS image sensor (CIS) is widely applied to remote sensing, spatial trend monitoring, spacecraft attitude control and aerospace engineering, which is across the key device of the platform technology of spacecraft and payload technology. However, Due to the complex radiation environment consist of Galactic cosmic rays, solar particles, and proton or electron from earth capture belts, CIS is inherently sensitive to single event effects, which is the bottleneck of space applications. In this study, 8T-global shutter CIS was taken as experimental sample. The test results show different function module of CIS occurred single event upset (SEU) leads to different abnormal image mode, such as the output image of "always zero", several adjacent column output anomalies, the whole image messy code. We will analyze microcosmic process of ionization charge generation, diffusion, collection, analyze macroscopic image anomaly, obtains the single event effect sensitive area of the device, deeply discusses the single event effect of CIS and its damage mechanism. The research results will enrich the 8T-global shutter CIS radiation effects theory, as well as there are provide scientific basis for anti-radiation design, test method and evaluation technology.

Micro-channel Plates(MCPs) are an important part of ultraviolet photon counting imaging detectors. They can intensify single particles or photons by the multiplication of electrons via secondary emission.Thus, the MCP gain has an very important influence on the performance of ultraviolet photon counting imaging detectors. In this article, influence of MCP gain on decoding accuracy is studied by using Monte Carlo method. Simulation results show that decoding error is large when MCP gain is low,and MCPs shoud have at least 106 gain to ensure accurate decoding. At the same time, influence of MCP gain on decoding error was tested by using ultraviolet photon counting imaging system based on TWA(Tetra Wedge Anode,TWA). Experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis and simulation.

The coordinate reference misalignment caused by ship angular deformation is an important factor affecting the operational performance of shipborne weapons and equipment. Based on the local inertial measurement units (IMUs) distributed on the ship and the deformation law of ship mechanics, the whole ship deformation prediction can be realized. The influence of local reference number and installation location on the accuracy of deformation prediction is studied in this paper. The simulation results show that when the installation position of the ship local IMU can better reflect the ship vibration model characteristics, four sets of local inertial reference can be used to predict the angular deformation at any point of the whole ship by the least square estimation method. The interpolation prediction error is less than 2.5″ (1σ), and the extension prediction error is less than 5″ (1σ).

A linear avalanche photodetector based on standard CMOS process is designed and fabricated. The doping dose of p-layer of the device with typical n⁺-p-π-p⁺ epitaxial structure is 1.82×10¹²/cm², and the depth of the doping peak concentration is 2.1 μm. The dark current, photocurrent, spectral response and excess noise factor are measured. The punch-through voltage is about 60 V, the breakdown voltage is about 147 V. The spectral response range is 400~1100 nm, and the peak response wavelength is about 850 nm, the peak response wavelength is in the near-infrared range. When the gain is 50, the reverse bias voltage is about 143.3 V, and excess noise factor is about 4.35. The results show that the device has an excellent performance of visible light detection.

In order to detect external intrusion which threatens the safety of oil-gas gathering pipelines in time, it is necessary to monitor the operation status of pipelines in real time. A distributed fiber optic perturbation sensing principle based on the Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometer was described. The experimental device was set up to monitor the intrusion signal along the optical fiber. An improved cross correlation algorithm was used to locate intrusion, which processed piecewise signal. Experiments were completed on the disturbance's optic fiber with a total length of 10.1km. The system monitored the external intrusion signal and correctly displayed the position in real time. The average positioning error 68.12m is achieved. The positioning error is reduced about 43% over the conventional method. The proposed method can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of the external intrusion signal.

In order to achieve the purpose of far detective distance、relatively high anti-jamming performance, the new missile requirements of infrared detector with high detectivity and low signal-to-noise(SNR), fast cooling-down. Based on the mechanism of infrared detector and design theory, combining technology practice, the indium antimonide(InSb) detector chip passivation film and the antireflection coating design and manufacturing are analyzed, while the Principe of multi-layer structure of the fast cooling-down cooler tubes are analyzed. Its detectivity is beyond 3x10¹⁰ cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1, the current responsivity over 0.24A/W, the impedance at zero bias voltage beyond 500KΩ, cooling-down time less than 3 seconds. The specifications meet the requirement for air-defense missile, and out-door the infrared detector has been demonstrated successfully. It can realize the requirement of missile detection distance is greater than 5km.

Multi video super-resolution algorithms reconstruct high spatio-temporal resolution video by exploiting complementary information in multiple low-resolution video sequences. Aiming at improving spatio-temporal resolution of video for real-world applications, an algorithm is proposed using Maximum Posterior Likelihood - Markov Random Field (MAP-MRF) and implemented on camera array. Compared with the current algorithms for super-resolution reconstruction, the suggested algorithm is advantageous in keeping the edge sharpness and detailed texture, and robust against the noises. The experimental result has confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method under the practical conditions such as large displacement and motion aliasing.

Aiming at the problem of lightweight and miniaturization of satellite optical communication terminals and intersatellite optical communication in multi-layer satellite networks, The beaconless light tracking and acquisition technology in satellite optical communication is researched and analyzed. The link margin of the satellite laser link under direct detection mode is analyzed , the track and the capture process is designed, the influence of satellite platform attitude error, inter-satellite link communication distance and other factors on capture time and capture probability are simulated and analyzed. The scheme designed uses the active side to emit signal light to scan the FOU, and the passive side uses the capture. The way the detector gaze is captured, ie the gaze-scan capture method. The research shows that in the designed multi-layer satellite network optical communication scenario, the acquisition time of GEO satellite to MEO satellite and GEO satellite to LEO satellite communication is 2034 seconds and 351 seconds respectively, and the capture probability is 95.28% and 99.99% respectively. The acquisition time of MEO satellite and LEO satellite communication is 216 seconds, and the probability of capture is 87.32%, which can meet the requirements of optical communication links of different orbit satellites in multi-layer satellite networks.

In order to explore the effect of local oscillator optical power on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system under the balanced detection method and the traditional single-channel detection mode in the laser coherent detection system. The numerical simulation analysis of the SNR of the coherent detection system is realized by using the local oscillator power.The self-built laser coherent detection platform is used to explore the influence of the local oscillator power on the system measurement range and SNR in the single-channel detection and dual-channel balance detection under the balanced detection mode. The results showed that: in coherent detection systems, balanced detection has certain advantages over single-channel detection. After calculation, in the detection range of 3km, the measured SNR in the balanced detection mode is higher than the single-channel detection SNR by 2.1.This conclusion has certain reference significance for improving the detection effect of the coherent detection system.

The spatially modulated full polarization imaging system can acquire target images and polarization information by using spatial carrier fringes to encode full Stokes parameters in a single interference image. This polarization detecting technology uses a Savart Plate (SP) as a spatial modulation module encodes two-dimensional Stokes parameters S0~S3 and the information of four Stokes quantities can be obtained by a single detection. The principle and mathematical model of this system is analyzed in details, and the image reconstruction method is also presented. Two different frequency domain filtering algorithms for demodulation are applied to reconstruct images in numerical simulation and laboratory experiment. The frequency domain algorithm based on two-dimensional Gauss low-pass filter does not have ringing, it has obvious advantages in image reconstruction. The measured data of polarized light and depolarized light from spatially modulated full polarization imaging system is demodulated by optimal algorithm. Reconstruction results show the polarization degree of depolarization light is less than 5%, which the one of polarized light generated by a polarizer is approximate to 100%. These results are coincident with the theoretical prediction well, which verify the feasibility and validity of the algorithm.

Honeycomb sandwich Composite has wide applications in manufacture, such as aircraft, automobile, rail transit, and so on, due to its special advantages. However, defects always exist in the honeycomb composite during manufacturing and in-service period, liquid ingress and debondings are the most typical defects. In this paper, according to the NDT problem for this kind of material, Pulsed thermography is applied, theoretical model of heat conduction for the defect detection under an instantaneous heat source is analyzed; Several kinds of honeycomb composite specimen is designed for the two typical defects detection; Pulsed thermography is applied on the specimens and the defects are revealed by the thermal images sequence processing. Furthermore, by analyzing the logarithmic temperature decreasing curves can distinguish different types of liquids under the skin. Results show that Pulsed thermography has advantages for the NDT of honeycomb composite.

The infrared dynamic scene projector is a key component of the infrared imaging seeker semi-physical simulation system. Aiming at the long-wave infrared imaging seeker system, the design idea of long-wave infrared dynamic scene projector with IR-CRT as the core device was proposed. The working principle of IR-CRT was introduced. The optical collimation system was designed. The key parameters such as resolution, distortion, simulated temperature range and uniformity were tested. The dynamic scene projector had been successfully applied to infrared imaging seeker. The semi-physical simulation system had verified the static and dynamic tracking performance of the infrared imaging seeker, which met the requirements of product use, and promoted the product development process.

Meat freshness degree is an important parameter while evaluating the quality and the price of the meat. Traditional method needs too long time to evaluate the meat on line in the meat slaughterhouse. To improve this situation, a system with potentiality of integrating miniaturized spectral camera is developed and tested in the practical situation. The results show that the system does not only improve the efficiency of meat grade evaluation procedure but also improve the accuracy compared with the method applied now.

In this paper, the finite element parameterized model of 1.2 meter terahertz antenna is established for near-field holographic measurement. The structure of 1.2m antenna, which consists of reflector body and tower base, is developed to a prototype of the 5-m Dome A Terahertz Explorer (DATE5). The reflector is made of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics, and tower base is made of steel. For the evaluation of the antenna performances, the gravity load effects of 1.2m antenna have been analyzed by the model. The numerical analysis results show that reflector surface RMS errors due to gravity load decrease with the increase of elevation angle, and the ranges of values of the surface RMS errors are from 0.14μm, to 0.81μm, which has been met the performance requirements of 1.2m antenna. Moreover, the mode shapes and the eigenfrequencies are also studied. The results suggest that the trends of the dependence of first three orders eigenfrequency upon elevation angles are well agreement with those of DATE5: the eigenfrequencies of the first and second orders of the model also decrease with the increase of elevation angle, while the eigenfrequencies of the third order increase with the increase of elevation angle.

Parameters affected the splicing loss and polarization cross-coupling during fusion splicing between Polarization-Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber (PM-PCF) and conventional Polarization-Maintaining Fiber (PMF) were investigated. The influence of loss and polarization cross-coupling to the phase error of the fiber optical gyroscope (FOG) is calculated and tested. At last, an efficient and simple method of fusion splicing PM-PCF and PMF with a low loss of 0.65 dB in experiment is reported.

An Infrared Imaging Pretreatment System was designed based on Xilinx Zynq-7000 Extensible Processing Platform (EPP). Zynq-7000 integrate a dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 based processing system (PS) and programmable logic (PL) in a single device. In this design, PL was developed for IRFPA video signal acquisition, and used VIDEO_IN, VIDEO_OUT, AXI-VDMA IP core to build high speed data channel between PS and PL. PS was developed for Imaging Pretreatment such as Non-uniformity correction, Blind pixels compensation and Image enhancement, using DDR3 for PS’ external memory and PL for Camera Link/PAL video output. It’s optimized for powerful, high real-time, small size, low-power and high reliability, to reach the goal of mass production in work.

Aiming at the problem that he gray level of different spectral images varies greatly and the traditional feature extraction algorithm is difficult to maintain the local precision and edge detail of the image, a multi-channel multi-spectral image registration method based on A-KAZE algorithm. In the registration process, the Fast Explicit Diffusion (FED) numerical analysis framework is used to solve the nonlinear diffusion filter equation, and the nonlinear scale space is constructed. The feature points are obtained by calculating the Hessian matrix of each pixel; The invariant image feature vectors are constructed by the Modified-Local Difference Binary (M-LDB) descriptor. Then, the feature vectors are matched by KNN using Hamming distance, and the mismatched points are eliminated by M-estimator Sample Consensus (MSAC). Finally, the transformation matrix is calculated based on projection transformation model. For multi-channel multi-spectral images, the optimal registration route is calculated by level-by-level registration method, and the image registration is realized by registration strategy and transformation matrix. Multispectral phenological observation data were selected to verify the image registration effect of the algorithm, and compared with SIFT, SURF, KAZE algorithm. Experimental results show that this method can achieve sub-pixel registration accuracy on any two images, and has strong robustness and faster speed.

The development of imaging equipments for pollutant gases monitoring is concerned not only to efficient resource utilization but also to environment protection. CO is extremely harmful although its concentration is relatively low among industrial waste gases, which leads to a challenge for traditional spectral remote sensing methods. The infrared imaging molecular filter show great advantage in extracting target gas infrared spectrum signal and restraining radiation interference from environmental background and other gases due to its characteristics of the comb like transmission spectrum with ultra narrow band. In this paper, remote sensing and monitoring of industrial CO emissions based on infrared imaging molecular filter technology is carried out. real-time images of CO gas are also obtained. The experimental results show that this scheme provides a good solution for remote sensing and monitoring of industrial waste gas by using an imaging method.

Based on the study of working principle and making process of 4-transistor Backside-illuminated CMOS (4T BSI-CMOS), Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) model are established and quantitative calculating formula is derived. In addition, factors of influencing SNR are analyzed. Two methods are presented to enhance the SNR, the one is optimizing structure of 4T BSI-CMOS image sensor to strengthen the signal and the other one is correlated double sampling to decrease fixed pattern noise (FPN). These results serve as useful guidelines to enhance the SNR of 4T BSI-CMOS and improve the image quality.

Air defense and anti-missile operation usually demands the EO device to quickly detect the sea-skimming missile in a given area. Because the small sea-skimming target usually features low brightness, small size and susceptible to interference from the sea horizon and sea surface clutter. Therefore, a quick search and threat evaluation algorithm is proposed against sea-skimming small targets. First, statistic row mean value and gradient are worked out, and the sea horizon is fitted by means of least square criterion. The background shall be suppressed by using morphological factor and the image shall be binarized by using self-adaptive threshold. Finally, statistic suspicious target features are carried out for threat evaluation of these suspicious targets, sea clutter and sea horizon interference are eliminated and the high priority threat is picked up.

Stereo vision matching is to search the corresponding relation of one spatial object observed from different angles in the projected image, and obtain the parallax image depending on the deviation (parallax is the geometric distance between different points projected from the same spatial point on different image. In a parallel binocular stereo vision system, two cameras have the same focal length and parallel imaging planes, so there is no rotation and scale conversion for images obtained by two cameras. SIFT binocular stereo vision system does not need multi-scale conversion and coordinate axis rotation, therefore the algorithm is simplified and the fault tolerance for SIFT target matching is maintained.

The marine and air background images obtained by a single shipborne infrared sensor often have problems such as low contrast between target and background, high noise, and lack of complete target details, which bring great difficulty to the extraction of ship targets. This paper analyzes the basic features of the ship target in medium/long wave infrared image and proposes the basic model of ship target extraction based on the Markov Random Field (MRF) theory. According to the two-band target and background prior probability distribution, the energy minimization framework is added. Regional believable propagation (BP) algorithm is used to perform global optimization of the model, and image segmentation label is estimated according to MAP criteria. The experimental results show that the fusion extraction algorithm can retain the effective components in the original dual-band infrared image, and the extraction efficiency and accuracy are higher.

Detection sensitivity is an important indicator of the X-ray pulsar detector. In order to achieve the accuratesensitivity of the detector, a new method of calculate detection sensitivity is proposed calculation. Combining with the characteristics of X-ray pulsar radiation spectrum and detector spectral,classic pulse accumulation model is corrected.A new signal to noise ratio (SNR) calculation formula is deduced by using the new pulse accumulation model.Constructing a new variable Z, which has close relationship with SNR. Through setting the SNR, the analysis and simulation verification for detection sensitivity and confidence level can be made.Simulation verification shows that the monte carlo simulation result is consistent with the theoretical results, and the maximum deviation is only 5%, which is far less than the deviation caused by the space environmentdisturbance.

Subjective and statistical methods were applied to evaluate the effect of fusion vision system which was lack of objective, convenient, engineering methods. Based on testing of resolution for night version system and MRTD for IR system, a evaluation method of fusion resolution was improved for fusion night vision system with the testing instrument of fusion resolution.

With the view to the requirement of field experiments in Low-Light-Level (LLL) situation, the handheld digital illuminometer is designed based on LLL image intensifier, which is convenient to operate, smaller in size and weight. According to the linear relationship between screen-end current in image intensifier and illuminometer, the screen-end current is designed as signal input. It is converted from analog signals by A/D conversion, and displayed by display unit. Compare with the test data from standard illuminometer, modify MCU (Micro-programmed Control Unit) software. The illuminometer modified can measure the illumination range 10^-3 lux to 10^-2 lux, meet the demand of measuring in field experiments fundamentally.

The response property of spatial frequency applied on the transfer function test was studied. According to time-space conversion relationship of signals and multiplication coincidence detection technology, a high precision focusing assembled method is proposed. High accuracy and stability of the speed of light and electromagnetic signals during the transmission in space enable the camera performance parameters measurement of multiplication, which uses the temperature coincidence detection of signals transmission. The method proposes a new test scheme and described the key technology. Experimental results present that the model can overcome the limitation of traditional evaluating means. This method can satisfy the registration accuracy of 0.3 detector pixel sizes. It has practical value.

TID(total dose effect) and HCI(hot carrier injection) are hot issues of space application devices research in recent years. Previous studies drew the conclusion that TID radiation harden process can restrain HCI effectively. However, there have few reliability studies on radiation hardened device reported. In this article, the author irradiates RH T-Gate PD SOI NMOS and conduct a hot carrier experiment afterwards. He makes a detailed analysis of RH devices’ hot carrier reliability in different structure and reach a conclusion that radiation-induced HCI enhancement effect still exists in RH SOI experienced TID radiation because of the presence of buried oxide, which is contrary to results of previous studies on bulk silicon devices.

The digital holography technology is based on holography. A photodetector device is used instead of a holographic dry plate as a recording medium. The light intensity and phase information of the object is recorded, and the reproduced image is obtained by using a computer to realize the holographic reproduction process. Digital holography can perform noncontact, high-quality measurements and can obtain three-dimensional position information. This paper presents an off-axis digital holographic underwater microbiological detection method based on Jamin interferometer. For the identification of underwater microorganisms, the Euclidean distance identification method based on Hu invariant moments was used to identify underwater microorganisms. The experimental results show that the off-axis digital holography system constructed in this paper can clearly capture the underwater microorganisms, and effectively identify the paramecium and the feasibility of the verification system and algorithm.

Light field image techniques attract more and more attention due to the ability of achieving digital refocus image and the measurement of depth of field and so on. But, before produce the light field sensor, the cover glass of the sensor would always be removed which result in oxidation and damage of the pixels of the camera. Based on the excellent optical performance of the optic fiber plates, a new design of light field camera was proposed to avoid the oxidation and damage of the pixels. First, remove the cover glass of the sensor, and then optical couple the optic fiber plates above the sensor and install the micro lens array on the optic fiber plates. After the experiment test, the results demonstrate that the established imaging system can provide multiple digital refocus images plane and may play an important role in the three dimensional imaging technology.

Particulate Observing Scanning Polarimeter (POSP) is a spaceborne spectropolarimetric sensor to map radiometric and polarimetric information of global atmospheric particulate matter. POSP has three SWIR bands, respectively are 1.38μm, 1.61μm and 2.25μm. So the SWIR polarimetric system is designed, which has the characteristic of division of aperture and division of amplitude to realize the simultaneous polarization measurement. The system has two identical optical paths, their orientation is 45 degree, and it can measure first three Stokes parameters. In order to realize to cool the InGaAs detectors below -60°C, combined with active cooler and passive cooler, the InGaAs detectors assembly and cooling system are integrated compact. The thermal vacuum test shows that cooling system could meet the cooling requirements of InGaAs detectors.

Off-axis optical system can meet the needs of focus, FOV and optical distortion, the requirement of the optical system for space-borne off-axis mapping camera can be met well. In view of the strict requirements to the linear array horizontality and consistency of confocal plane for all FOV and all spectral, a method of computer aided adjustment model is proposed for quick alignment and test of the focal plane. Compare the traditional method, this method can both improve the efficiency and achieve high accuracy of alignment and test of the focal plane. The alignment and test result to a type long focal length mapping camera indicate that uniformity of the focal plane for all CCDs less than ±0.05mm and the linear array horizontality less than ±1 ′ .The result shows that this method is feasible and efficient. So it can provide a reference to fasten alignment and test of the focal plane for other space-borne off-axis mapping camera.

Computational ghost imaging has great application prospect in the fields of national defense and biomedical because of its features of breaking the diffraction limit, being able to image under extremely weak background and harsh conditions. However, susceptible to the noise of the space environment, it has a low environmental signal-to-noise ratio. This paper propose an algorithm of interpolation computational ghost imaging(ICGI) in the field of computational ghost imaging. For the purpose of weakening the influence of dynamic interference in the ghost imaging, it insert specific patterns to a digital micromirror device in the original light-emphasis sequence, linearly estimate the change in noise by illuminating incoherent light, and correlate the optical signal of the object with the optical signal of the incoherent modulated light to calculate and reconstruct the image of the object. And This algorithm and the quality of image is improved by means of interpolating between different amounts of random patterns and inserting specific patterns of different complexity.

The visible light dynamic scene projector is a key component of the visible light imaging hardware-in-the-loop(HWIL) simulation test system.With the Digital Micro-mirror Device (DMD) as the key component, a dynamic visible light imaging simulation system was developed which will be used as the hardware in loop simulation platform for a certain type of airborne visible light imaging system.DMD fundamental operating principle and imaging theory are explained thoroughly. According to required,high-brightness RGB LED, aspheric condenser,light rod,relay lens,TIR lens were used to homogenize the illumination light. The optical projection system was specially designed to solve the large diameter and distance of exit pupil.The paper employed mature solution of DMD driving(TI) to achieve scene input,modulation and reproduce. The dynamic scene projector had been successfully applied to the HWIL simulation system of an airborne visible light imaging system, and had high real-time and fidelity, and met the requirements for use

As the rapid development of back-illuminated CMOS (BI-CMOS) image sensor technology in recent years, its application prospect in the field of Low-Light-Level (LLL) night vision has been widely concerned. Therefore, LLL imaging module was developed based on BICMOS, whose 3-D noise data was obtained under different illumination conditions. The test results show that, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of imaging module becomes worse with the decreasing of illumination. According to the judgement of noise, the noise power of the image in low illumination is mainly Gaussian distribution. And the image processed by spatial filtering, which efficiently reducing the imaging noise and improving the imaging quality.

Firstly, the effect of refractive index changes on spectral line spacing is calculated and analyzed. Because refractive index changes with wavelength-variety, theoretically, the 0.5 nm interval should be separated by 5 pixels. The spectral distribution will drift with considering the changes in refractive index. At the same time, the inversed spectral line drift caused by measurement errors(±1×10-3，±1×10-4，±1×10-5) are analyzed. The same refractive index error, the effect on long waves is greater than short waves. When the refractive index is positive, the spectral line drifts in the negative direction. When the refractive index is negative, the spectral lines drift in the positive direction, and the positive and negative drift are basically symmetrical. When the accuracy error of refractive index measurement is ±1×10-4, the spectral line drift is 0.7 pixels. When the error increases or decreases by an order of magnitude, the number of drift elements also increases or decreases by the same order of magnitude.

Introduce an optic system which by two fields of the system to observe the same object, it acquire two channels image of the object on the first imaging plate; and one by one the two channels image collimated by the array lens after them, then all the collimated beams were collected into the second image plate. As the two channels image were focus into the second image plate, super-resolution image of the object were acquired. The photos of the experiment proved this.

The traceability of egg quality is related to the safety of the egg food, the traditional identification method is to use the egg quality parameters, and the operation process is too complicated. Hyperspectral characteristics reflect material properties, and each material has its own spectral characteristic curve, which is a very important feature for material classification and identification. In this paper, the spectral characteristic data of eggs was obtained by the spectrometers and the hyperspectral imaging instrument, respectively. After processing and analyzing, a nondestructive testing method of egg quality based on hyperspectral characteristics was proposed. The testing results are analyzed in depth, and some very useful conclusions are obtained.

Due to the influence of conditions such as sensor status, imaging mechanism, climate and light, hyperspectral remote sensing images have serious distortion, which seriously affects the classification accuracy of hyperspectral remote sensing images. In this paper, the intrinsic image decomposition technology, which is widely used in computer vision and graphics, is introduced into hyperspectral image processing to perform intrinsic image decomposition on the original image. A hyperspectral intrinsic image decomposition method based on local sparseness is proposed. The automatic subspace partition and sparse representation theory are used to decompose the original hyperspectral image. The reflectance intrinsic image obtained by the decomposition is subjected to hyperspectral image classification processing. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can obtain the intrinsic images better, and improve the classification accuracy of hyperspectral images to a large extent.

Polarimetric-spectral intensity modulation (PSIM) technology can detect the polarimetric and spectral information of target simultaneously, which is quite useful in the realm of atmospheric detection, etc. The PSIM module consists of two multi-order waveplates and a polarizer. However, the multi-order waveplates are quite sensitive to the environmental temperature change, which could impact the detection precision of instruments severely. To solve this problem, the design strategy of athermalized PSIM technology is proposed. By gluing two different kinds of birefringent crystal, such as MgF₂ and quartz, the PSIM module can be insensitive to the temperature change. The experiment result shows that, with the change of environment temperature, the imaging spectropolarimeter can detect the polarimetric information of target precisely. The error of detected degree of polarimetric information can be reduced to 0.01, which confirms the detection precision of polarimetric information.

Target detection of hyperspectral image has always been a hot research topic, especially due to its important applications in military and civilian remote sensing. This paper employs the idea of classification and proposes a novel detection framework which incorporates dictionary learning and discriminative information. Due to the fact that target pixels lie in different subspace with background pixels, a novel detection model is proposed. In addition, a linear kernel is applied to project the image data into high-dimensional space, separating the target pixels and background pixels. Synthetic image and popular real hyperspectral image are used to evaluate our algorithm. Experimental results indicate that our proposed detector outperforms the traditional detection methods.

In order to improve the estimation accuracy of Soil Moisture Content (SMC) by hyperspectral technology, the paper used actual measured spectral data to study quantitative relationship between soil hyperspectral reflectance and the SMC. All total of soil samples from the Puzhehei Scenic Spot in Qiubei County, Yunnan Province in December 2016 were measured in the lab with the spectrometer. This paper used the original reflectivity of the soil samples and its four mathematical transformations as the inversion indicators to construct Unary Linear Regression Model (ULRM), Multiple Stepwise Regression Model (MSRM) and Partial Least Squares Regression Model (PLSRM) aiming to compare the performance and inversion accuracy of these three models, and find the best performance model to inverse the SMC. The results showed that: (1) It was determined that 1350nm, 1450nm, 1841nm, 1897nm, 1905nm, 1935nm and 2146nm were the hyper-spectral characteristic bands of SMC by analyzing the correlation between soil moisture content and reflectance. (2) The coefficients of determinations R² varied between 0.73 and 0.91 and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ranged from 1.51 to 1.86 with the best performance obtained with the PLSM, and the LRM had the lowest inversion accuracy. (3) The PLSRM established by the logarithm of the reflectivity of 1450nm, 1841nm, 1897nm, 1905nm, 1935nm and 2146nm was the best model of the 15 models by comparing the inversion precision of the samples in each model in this study

Mikania micrantha is a harmful foreign invasive species, which poses a great threat to the ecological balance and forestry production in southern China. In the study, typical Mikania micrantha multi-incidence area was used as the research area. After data pre-processing, 250 bands were obtained and subjected to a single factor ANOVA analysis. Anterior 10 bands with F values from the largest to the smallest were selected as the spectral characteristic bands. Spectral characteristics were extracted, together with texture characteristics. Texture characteristic of hyperspectral data was calculated by Gray level co-occurrence matrix, with processing window sizes of 11, 15, 21, 31, 41, 51, respectively. Results showed that the mean and second moment in processing window of 15 was more appropriate. A total of 200 verification points were randomly selected from five flight concentration areas. Visual interpretation was performed to verify the accuracy of the extraction. Results showed that the total accuracy was 85.5%. In this paper, key technology of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral remote sensing for extracting Mikania micrantha was studied, having constructed process of extracting the Mikania micrantha range by UAV hyperspectral data. Research results provide a new technical reference for the extraction of Mikania micrantha.

Integration of optics inside a detector-dewar-cooled-assembly (DDCA) is a good strategy to miniaturized infrared cameras in order to provide small payload systems with thermal vision capability for both military and civilian applications. The optical additional mass has to be very small in order to limit the cool-down time of the DDCA. However, reducing the mass of these optical systems results in a decrease of the resolution and impaction on the image quality, making them difficult to use in the high-performance and high sensitivity applications. In order to achieve better optical performances, a classical optical system which consisted of four lenses was integrated in the DDCA. By optimizing the heat transfer of the lens mount and using a miniature pulse tube cryocooler(MPTC) as the cooling source, the cooling time of the system was reduced. The lens mount and the lenses were cooled down to 80K in an hour by the MPTC with 45W input power. The total mass to be cooled is 100 g, where the mass of the lenses is 15 g. In the later prototypes, the mass of the lens mount can be greatly reduced by optimizing the installation of the detector and the lens mount, and the cooling time of the cryogenic camera integrated with the high-performance optical system can be reduced to an acceptable range by using the lens mount heat transfer optimization method described in this paper.

With multi-scales Hyperspectral Information processing, to explore the water quality change information of jujube large area outdoor. with near the ground remote sensing monitoring method. outdoor Zaoyuan hyperspectral image atmospheric correction, PCA, and other basic treatment methods, selection of jujubes spectra and characteristic wavelengths corresponding to labeled hyperspectral database. To mark and collect jujubes in the field of view of hyperspectral camera, By analyzing and correcting the spectral consistency of indoor and outdoor jujubes, the transfer between outdoor and indoor near infrared spectrum library was carried out. Combining the indoor quality measurement of southern jujubes and spectral correlation analysis method for extracting jujubes like spectral structure and quality feature information, the relationship changes between the different scales of spatial resolution and spectral resolution of the spectrum the conclusions, The scale of Single jujube and The scale of Canopy jujube tree indoor hyperspectral detection results are in good agreement, indicating that nearly ground to carry out indoor hyperspectral spectral consistency is good, through the spectrum image out door spectral database docking and model transfer. The establishment of the high spectral quality characteristics of jujubes perception model, exploring the growth process of jujubes outdoor large area change information of water quality with near ground remote sensing. provides an important reference in the future.

Four Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) / Operational Land Imager (OLI) remote sensing images in 2000, 2004, 2011 and 2014 are used and a single-window algorithm is adopted to quantitatively retrieve land surface temperatures (LST) of Taiyuan City. A density slicing method is used to classify the city as an urban heat island. Land use types are classified in combination with a support vector machine. The relationships between LST and land use/land cover types, vegetation coverage and impermeable surfaces are analyzed, and those relationships between surface temperatures and impervious surfaces, vegetation, bare land and water bodies are studied quantitatively. The results show that the influence of the impervious surface on LST is much larger than that of vegetation, bare land and water bodies. The main factors affecting the surface temperature of Taiyuan City in the past 14 years are identified. Although the area of vegetation and bare land has either slightly increased or decreased, the increase in impervious surface area is the direct cause of the urban heat island effect of Taiyuan.

Marine aquaculture has developed very rapidly in China and at present, China has become the largest producer of marine aquaculture in the world. While bringing huge economic benefits to China, aquaculture has caused serious damage to the coastal ecological environment, such as eutrophication of seawater and a series of water pollution problems. How to effectively monitor the pollution of offshore aquaculture to guide fishery production and prevent red tide is an urgent problem to be studied and solved. Remote sensing, with its advantages of wide coverage, periodicity and low cost, can effectively monitor the spatial and temporal changes of offshore polluted water bodies, which is conducive to the comprehensive analysis of Marine phenomena. In recent years, the eutrophication of waters of Zhelin Bay has intensified, which has become a red tide area, bringing serious economic losses to fishery. It is of great significance to study the distribution of chlorophyll a concentration and its spatiotemporal variation. Take the Zhelin Bay culture area in eastern Guangdong as an example, it is an important aquaculture base in China. Based on the measured hyperspectral data and the concentration of water quality parameters, the spectral characteristics of water body analyzed in Zhelin Bay .Remote sensing inversion model established by the optical classification theory. The accuracy of the inversion model verified by using multi-temporal Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing images. The distribution characteristics and the temporal and spatial variation of Chlorophyll-a concentration were studied. The results show the reflectivity ratio at the wavelength of 705 nm has a good correlation with the chlorophyll a concentration, and the correlation coefficient is 0.7. For the sentinel-2 data, the model constructed with (Rrs(705)-Rrs(665))/(Rrs(705)+Rrs(665)) as the inversion factor has the best fitting effect, the determination coefficient R2 is 0.891, and the average relative error is 13.25%. Spatial distribution pattern of chlorophyll a concentration: chlorophyll a concentration is higher in the western and northern coastal aquaculture areas of Zhelin Bay, followed by the central net box culture area in the bay, and the shellfish culture area is lower. Spatial and temporal variation characteristics of chlorophyll a concentration: higher concentration of chlorophyll a found in the late stage of breeding, followed by the middle stage and the early stage. It provides scientific basis for the protection of offshore ecological environment, marine pollution monitoring and the coordinated development of fisheries.

This study aims to establish a model for environmental situation assessment using hyperspectral data and apply it to regional and planning environmental assessments in the Northwest. The main research contents include: 1. The fusion of multi-level remote sensing technology. Hyperspectral data is a powerful complement to the ground environment monitoring data with its large scale and high precision. A multi-level remote sensing data processing mode integrating ground test, UAV remote sensing and satellite remote sensing is established. 2. The establishment of quantitative remote sensing analysis model. By determining the distribution range, location and extent of the relevant indicators of the target environment, combining the fixed field survey and the analysis of the on-site monitoring data, the eigenvalues are obtained, and the two are combined to establish a quantitative model for the identification of the fine environmental indicators of the environmental situation changes at large scales. 3. Application in the assessment of regional environmental situation in the Gobi region of the northwestern desert. Through the fusion analysis of ground test and high-resolution satellite remote sensing data, a quantitative model of regional desertification, plant disease and other environmental indicators is established. Combined with the analysis of hyperspectral remote sensing data in the planned area within two years, the progress and trend of environmental situation change can be known. This technology can be used to determine the impact of land desertification on planning and construction and the degree of risk.

Snapshot spectral imaging is a cutting-edge parallel acquisition technology for mapping the 3D datacube (2D spectral and 1D spatial information) of a scene in real time. Herein, we present a compact, miniature, snapshot Optically Replicating and Remapping Imaging Spectrometer (ORRIS). Its principle is based on the shifting of subimages replicated by a specially organized lenslet array and the filtering of each subimage by a continuous variable filter (CVF). The 3D datacube is recovered just using a simple image remapping process. The use of the lenslet array and the CVF makes the system very compact and miniature. A handheld proof-of-principle prototype is built in our laboratory by just using commercial-off-the-shelf products. It covers a wavelength region 360 nm to 860 nm with 80 spectral channels with a spatial resolution of 400 × 400 pixels. The volume of prototype is about 230 mm (length) × 70 mm (width) × 70 mm (height) and the weight is about 1.0 kg for finite imaging, and it will become 50 mm (length) × 70 mm (width) × 70 mm (height) and 0.5 kg for infinite imaging. The prototype is verified by measuring outdoor static and dynamic scenes.

After years of development, military camouflage has formed a set of theoretical and technical systems represented by color camouflage. At present, a large number of camouflage technology research has been carried out for multispectral reconnaissance of visible and near-infrared. In order to better detect and identify the camouflage target, it is necessary to expand the new reconnaissance band and improve the spectral resolution of the reconnaissance instrument. In this paper, the research on camouflage target recognition technology is carried out through short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging technology, and the camouflage target is identified by SAM, ACM and CEM algorithms respectively, and the characteristics of three methods in short-wave infrared camouflage target recognition are verified. This research can improve the ability to detect and identify camouflage targets and provide a new means for modern battlefield reconnaissance.

Laboratory-based hyper-spectroscopy is a technology based on the ground high resolution spectrometer under laboratory conditions. Owing to effectively controlling the interference level, it plays an important role in the research of soil heavy metal pollution concentration inversion. In this paper, the theoretical basis for the inversion of soil heavy metal content by spectral reflectance characteristics is discussed. The current study of laboratory-based hyper-spectroscopy on soil is analyzed. The common technical methods for the inversion of soil heavy metal concentration by spectral reflectance characteristics are summarized. The problems encountered in the application of laboratory-based hyper-spectroscopy are analyzed.

By leveraging the remote sensing technology, we have delved into the remote sensing prospecting model for typical uranium mining area along the Sino-Russian Economic Corridor. According to the remote sensing interpretation results of the basic geology along the Sino-Russian Economic Corridor, we have analyzed and summarized the remote sensing geological features of the structure, stratum and rock mass in this area. Moreover, by providing the remote sensing interpretation of basic geology in the Russian Streltsovsky typical hydrothermal uranium mining area based on the data of the domestic GF-1 satellite, we have made conclusive analysis on the characteristics of its ore-controlling elements and preliminarily summarized the remote sensing geological prospecting model for typical volcanic hydrothermal uranium deposits in this area. By using the remote sensing prospecting model, we have delineated three favorable ore-forming sections, which provides an important basis for regional mineralization prediction and the delineation of favorable ore-forming areas, and helps seek such deposits in the same or similar areas.

Spectral imaging technology is an optical technology that combines spatial optics imaging, spectroscopy and radiometry to produce images. The information cube data also contains the spatial information and fine spectral information of the ground scenery. Through the multi-information fusion detection method , we can effectively identify the disguised targets and false targets in the battlefield , therefor it is of great significance to the construction of national defense. However the spatial resolution of hyperspectral remote sensing remotely sensed by imaging mode is generally low, so it is difficult to meet the requirements of the modern war on the accuracy of military targets. Based on the above reasons, a high resolution hyperspectral imaging remote sensing method is proposed, which improves the spatial resolution to 2m, and effecteively solves the problem of detection complex targets in modern battlefield environment.

To promote uranium exploration in Chaganhada and provide remote sensing alteration anomaly information, this paper extracted chlorite alteration and iron-strained alteration by principal component analysis on the basis of analysis of wall rocks related to uranium mineralization and spectral characteristics of the typical alteration minerals in WorldView-3(shorthand for WV-3 in the following) bands. Then, the alteration information extracted was made processing on the ArcGIS platform, and an integrated anomalous information figure was compiled. The results of field verification show that the alteration anomaly information which extracted from WV-3 data is consistent with the reality. And the alteration anomaly information should be taken as one of the important clues in the uranium exploration in this area.

As a new hyperspectral remote sensing technology, the thermal infrared hyperspectral remote sensing has the ability to observe the surface day and night. Instead of the surface temperature retrieval, the ultimate goal of the hyperspectral thermal infrared remote sensing data is to retrieve surface emissivity which can be used for mineral detection, ground parameters inversion and target identification and so on. Due to the inevitable atmospheric influence during the data acquisition process of thermal infrared hyperspectral imager, the atmospheric radiation information is included in the hyperspectral thermal infrared remote sensing data. The atmospheric correction with high precision is the premise of effectively implementing the subsequent applications. The aircraft, especially the unmanned aerial vehicle rising in recent years, is an important platform for remote sensing because of its flexibility, immunity to the cloud cover and high spatial resolution. The aircraft flies through the atmosphere when working, which makes the direct measurement possible for the atmosphere. On the basis of summarizing the features of the atmospheric correction methods for the hyperspectral thermal infrared remote sensing data, and the principle and process of atmospheric radiative transfer, the paper proposed an overall vision for the atmospheric correction based on the measured atmospheric downwelling radiance at the aircraft flight height, designed an atmospheric correction system for airborne thermal infrared imaging spectrometer, and stated the atmospheric correction procedure of hyperspectral thermal infrared remote sensing data using the system. The proposed system and procedure for atmospheric correction are able to acquire the atmospheric downwelling thermal infrared radiation information in real time, so without too many assumptions, it is possible to dramatically increase the precision of the atmospheric correction for the airborne hyperspectral thermal infrared remote sensing data and gives a promise to the objectivity of the data.

To meet the demanding of spectral reconstruction in the visible and near-infrared wavelength, the spectral reconstruction method for typical surface types is discussed based on the USGS/ASTER spectral library and principal component analysis (PCA). A new spectral reconstructed model is proposed by the information of several typical bands instead of all of the wavelength bands, and a linear combination spectral reconstruction model is also discussed. By selecting 4 typical spectral datasets including green vegetation, bare soil, rangeland and concrete in the spectral range of 400−900 nm, the PCA results show that 6 principal components could characterized the spectral dataset, and the relative reconstructed errors are smaller than 2%. If only 6−7 selected typical bands are employed to spectral reconstruction for all the surface reflectance in 400−900 nm, except that the reconstructed error of green vegetation is about 3.3%, the relative errors of other 3 datasets are all smaller than 1.6%. The correlation coefficients of those 4 datasets are all larger than 0.99, which can effectively satisfy the needs of spectral reconstruction. In addition, based on the spectral library and the linear combination model of 4 common used bands of satellite remote sensing such as 490, 555, 670 and 865 nm, the reconstructed errors are smaller than 8.5% in high reflectance region and smaller than 1.5% in low reflectance region respectively, which basically meet the needs of spectral reconstruction. This study can provide a reference value for the surface reflectance processing and spectral reconstruction in satellite remote sensing research.

Photoelastic-modulator(PEM) generating a beat signal that modulates the polarized component of the incident light is employed in spectropolarimetric imager. Multispectral and polarized information can be achieved in target detection. The measurement accuracy is a critical technical index. In order to research the elements affecting the measurement accuracy of the instrument, the theoretical measurement principle and the optical structure characteristics are introduced. The polarization radiation measurement model is established by using mathematical description called Stokes-Muller and pseudo-inverse matrix is used to realize demodulation of incident light. Sensitivity of Degree of Linear Polarization (DOLP) retrieval to errors in retardance amplitude, retardance amplitude mismatch resulted from incident angle, scene gradient and phase error and detector noise is analyzed when different polarized incident light is considered. The result shows that relative error of DOLP is less than 0.5% and retardance amplitude error affects DOLP most. The study provides a theoretical basis for development, calibration and data processing of the instrument.

Aiming at the problem that kiwifruit invisible damage is difficult to detect and identify by conventional detection methods, this paper proposes to use the visible near-infrared hyperspectral imaging technology to detect the identify and identify models based on deep learning VGG-16 neural network. Detection and recognition of hyperspectral images of kiwifruit invisible damage. The network is implemented by the caffe framework and python and is a 16-layer deep learning neural network. The reflection spectroscopy images of 50 kiwifruit samples were obtained at wavelengths of 400-1000 nm. According to whether they were subjected to invisible damage, they were classified into invisible damage and undamage, with 40 and 10 samples respectively. The training set and the test set are used to obtain the implicit damage discriminant model by using the principal component analysis image obtained from the spectral data as the input image of deep learning. The experimental results show that the highest accurate recognition rate reaches 100% and has a good recognition effect.

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) acquires a three-dimensional dataset called hypercube, with two spatial dimensions and one spectral dimension. HSI is an emerging imaging modality for various medical applications, especially in disease diagnosis of early and biomedical research based on their unique spectral signatures. A visible-near-infrared HSI for microspectroscopy is designed, the measured spectrum is from 450 nm to 900 nm, which is sampled by 256 spectral channels. The spatial resolution is 1.25μm.The modulation transfer function (MTF) value of full spectrum and full field of view is close to the diffraction limit. At last, this microspecroscopy have been fabricated and preliminary tests have been implemented. The results indicated this visible-near-infrared hyperspectral microscopy optical systems have excellent optical performances. This hyperspectral microscopy will be well developed and used in the life sciences fields.

Due to its high resolution, large flux, and high signal-to-noise ratio, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is often used to monitor atmospheric environment. The preamplifier, as the key module of the FTIR optical receiver system, determines the accuracy, SNR and other key parameters of the subsequent signal directly. This paper presents a high gain and wide dynamic range preamplifier based on high performance integrated op amp. Using a low noise op amp IV conversion and multi-level Butterworth type active filter, a very weak signal input, multi-file Gain low noise and high SNR preamplifier circuit was designed. Experiments show: the preamplifier can make the signal of the atmospheric FTIR monitor meet the SNR and quality requirements.

Remote sensing technology plays an important role in geological survey and plays an irreplaceable role. With the development of remote sensing technology, the appearance of hyperspectral remote sensing makes the application of remote sensing in geological and mineral fields have undergone a qualitative change. After nearly ten years of exploration and practice, the engineering application of hyperspectral remote sensing in geology and mineral resources has been preliminarily realized. With the launch of domestic hyperspectral satellites, it will further promote its application in geology and mineral resources. In this paper, the progress of engineering application of hyperspectral remote sensing in geology and mineral resources is summarized from the aspects of hyperspectral data processing, information extraction, information analysis, prospecting and prediction.

Two optical payloads on the GF-5 satellite have produced by Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity. The full-spectrum spectral camera has the characteristics of wide spectral range, high spatial resolution and high accuracy of radiation calibration. It has reached the domestic leading and international advanced technology level, which has greatly improved China's high-precision observation capability. This paper designs a video circuit for the visible near-infrared spectrum of the camera. The circuit implements timing control and driving of the detector, as well as analog to digital conversion and processing of the analog signal. It completes the acquisition of 8 channels of analog signals, and outputs 14 bits of quantized bits and 30 Mbps of single channel data. The system achieves high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) through high-stability power supply, high-speed drive level shifting and high-precision (2ns/step) timing control. Under the given simulation test conditions in the laboratory, the measured signal-to-noise ratio of the visible light channel reached 307, and good image data was obtained in the external scene imaging and in the space.

In remote sensing images, the common existence of mixed pixels affects the classification of remote sensing images and the targets detection. The N-FINDR algorithm is a widely used endmember extraction algorithm. The algorithm is full- automatic. it has no parameters and has a good selection effect. However, in the volume calculation, the random selection of the initial value of the spectral endmember limits the efficiency of the method. The dimensionality reduction of the data loses some details; The automatic target retrieval algorithm uses the method of orthogonal subspace projection to determine the feature pixels. The algorithm runs faster and is more efficient, but it does not consider the angle between the pixels. Therefore, an improved N-FINDR algorithm based on object retrieval initialization is proposed in this paper. The improved algorithm can select the initial endmember, and then use the new volume calculation formula to solve the maximum volume of the simplex, so as to obtain the endmember, which makes up for the shortcomings of the two methods. Finally, simulation data and real airport diagram are used to verify the algorithm. The improved N-FINDR algorithm is superior to the traditional internal maximum volume algorithm in terms of running time and extraction accuracy.

The contact measurement techniques are typically used in the field of object material classification. It has a lot of disadvantages, such as the complex operation and time-consuming. In this paper, a new non-contact object material identification method based on Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and polarization imaging is proposed. Firstly, the relationship between the complex refractive index of object and the polarization information is simulated, and then the structure of the CNNs is constructed according to the specific conditions of the polarization imaging system. The accuracy of the identification method is measured by repeated test using 7 materials. The experimental results show that the CNNs model can quickly realize the object material classification with the polarization images, and the classification accuracy is above 92%.

Hyper-spectral remote sensing is now a frontier of the remote sensing technology, which can monitoring chlorophyll content rapidly and nondestructive. In this study, four nitrogen forms were set up：ammonium sulfate (ammonium nitrogen) B1, potassium nitrate (nitrate nitrogen) B2, urea (amide nitrogen) B3, and formaldehyde urea (slow effect nitrogen fertilizer) B4. The chlorophyll content of B4 treated with different nitrogen forms was significantly different. Spectral parameters also show good correlation. The chlorophyll content estimation model constructed with the spectral parameters DVI(755,690) and DVI(810,690) has a good fitting degree, and the linear model R2 has reached a significant level, respectively. Rice treated with traditional urea had a lower growth rate than the other three types of nitrogen, the slow effect nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium nitrogen were suggested to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency and eventually reach the goal of high yield.

The solar occultation observation or solar calibration of the payload requires the sunlight or the diffuse reflection of sunlight to enter the field of view. It’s important to consider the variation of azimuth and elevation angle from the. The article analyzes the impact of in-orbit drift angle control and LTAN drift of 8 years in-orbit towards the solar vector. On the basis on the occultation period and solar calibration period, the range of the solar driven angle, the solar observation FOV, timing of the calibration and the optimal LTAN range are analyzed. The analysis method can provide reference for similar payload design and orbital control design with solar observation requirements.

With the development of miniaturization of drones and spectral cameras, unmanned Airborne spectral imaging technology has become possible. How to reduce the volume and quality of multi-spectral cameras while improving data acquisition performance and efficiency, making them more widely used in low-altitude remote sensing has become the focus of current research. In this paper, we develop multi-spectral camera development and data preprocessing technology based on array filter splitting. In the development of camera, we replace the optical path splitting, filter wheel and multi-lens splitting by filter splitting, which solves the multi-spectral camera. At the same time of data quality, two array filters were designed because the imaging method limited the camera to the ideal volume and quality. The improved filter greatly reduced the spectral aliasing between the bands. In the data processing, an improved SURF stitching algorithm based on sparse matrix beam adjustment is proposed to improve the speed of image stitching. The research results show that this paper successfully developed a multi-spectral camera with simple optical path, high acquisition efficiency, stable performance, small mass and low cost, and successfully combined with small and small drones for data acquisition and processing. The academic value and production value, the data acquisition achieves the generation of multi-spectral image of the whole scene, and the band stitching precision is 0.12 pixels, which has high application value.

As the most commonly used hyperspectral data source, the acquisition method of Hyperion hyperspectral reflectance became more and more important. In this study, a batch atmospheric correction method based on Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum radiative transfer code (6SBAC) has been presented. The 6SBAC was used MODIS synchronous atmospheric data products to obtain meteorological parameters, and set up automatic input-output parameter module to obtain Hyperion reflectance data. At the same time, using Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH), Quick Atmospheric Correction(QUAC) atmospheric correction methods on Hyperion satellite images, the results was compared with the synchronous hyperspectral data measured in Dunhuang test site. The authenticity of the obtained hyperspectral reflectance was verified by MODIS surface products. The results showed that the hyperspectral reflectance obtained by the three kinds of atmospheric correction methods were consistent with the measured reflectance in trend. Despite the compromises in different wavelength regions 6SBAC is found to be a better corrector method for the Hyperion hyperspectral reflectance acquisition. The precision of the 6SBAC obtained hyperspectral reflectance can meet the application requirements and improve the acquisition efficiency of Hyperion hyperspectral reflectance data.

A new method of splicing infrared thermal Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) image with special acquisition mode is presented. We used the bi-directional whiskbroom scanning frame infrared UAV (300,000 pixels) developed by the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SITP) to obtain the image of an area in haiyan,Zhejiang province.In order to get more accurate temperature data in a wide range, correction and optimization of the mosaic strategy of this infrared image are needed.In this paper, an orthographical correction model based on drone position and orientation system (POS) parameters was established, By optimizing scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) matching parameters and Random Sampling Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, more reliable matching results were obtained.After rough calculation of adjacent images by image location to calculate whether it is an adjacent image, this can reduce the operation time of the splicing algorithm.The overlapping area images fused with the multi-resolution pyramid algorithm. Finally, the large area image and temperature inversion map of the study area were obtained. Inversion results showed that the error of temperature inversion less than 0.2 degree by comparing with the original temperature before unspliced.It can meet the subsequent application requirements of the UAV infrared image.

It is a difficult problem to evaluate the signal parameters of optical radiation characteristics of solid propellant. The research proposes a multispectral evaluation method of propellants radiation signature index (PRSI). The infrared radiation intensity, ultraviolet radiation intensity and visible radiation intensity of both HTPB composite propellant and nitrocellulose propellant were tested with infrared radiometer and ultraviolet and visible light radiation measuring instrument, and then used the method of PRSI to compare the test results. The results show that the PRSI values of UV and visible light produced by the combustion of HTPB composite propellants are significantly larger than those of the nitrocellulose propellants. The multispectral exponential factor evaluation method based on the inherent parameters of propellants, such as mass-combustion heat and burning velocity, can not only compare the difference of spectral characteristics of similar propellants, but also compare different types of propellants.

It is widely used to correct the atmospheric and surface emissivity by using the split window algorithm to eliminate the atmospheric influence through the combination of the measured values of two adjacent channels (10.3-12.5 m) In the thermal infrared remote sensing inversion of surface temperature. With the increasing demand for split-window spectral data, the development of space optical remote sensors with these two spectral bands has gradually increased in recent years. High-resolution 5 full-spectrum spectral imager is a typical example. Its spatial resolution of thermal infrared split-window spectral band reaches 40m, which is an international advanced level. A large number of studies have shown that the thermal infrared splitting window is very sensitive to the focal plane temperature. With the change of the focal plane temperature, the imager output digital signal varies greatly. For example, when the focal plane temperature changes 0.1K, the 10.3-11.4m spectral band changes 0.02V (equivalent to 13.6DN), 11.5-12.5m spectral band changes 0.006V (equivalent to 4.08DN), so the temperature of FPA must be corrected or controlled strictly.

Chlorophyll fluorescence intensity is affected by the photosynthetic efficiency and the physiological status of plants under various environmental conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence signals also beneficial to estimate vegetation productivity and vegetation carbon cycling. The use of spaceborne hyperspectral imaging to observe the chlorophyll fluorescence, can greatly increase the observation efficiency, which is conducive to global coverage of fluorescent data. According to the characteristics of space-based remote sensing, the inversion accuracy of chlorophyll fluorescence data depends on the radiation and spectral accuracy of the observing system, which requires high precision ground calibration and on-orbit calibration. Based on the observation elements and the satellite orbit, the on-orbit calibration scheme are proposed, including the field of view, instrument measurement, uncertainty analysis and correction.

The depolarization grating is needed particularly for use in imaging spectrometers used in sensing the atmosphere weak CO2 spectral band (1595nm - 1625 nm) at spectral resolution in the order of 0.1 nm whilst ensuring a high efficiency for both TE and TM polarizations. The diffraction characteristics of the depolarization grating have been investigated by using rigorous coupled wave theory. The simulation results show: the groove depth and duty cycle of the depolarization grating must be controlled within the range of 730nm-780nm and 0.3-0.37 respectively, in order to guarantee the 1 order diffraction efficiency is over 70% for both TE and TM polarizations at the atmosphere weak CO₂ spectral band. The depolarization grating with the period of 869nm in a fused-silica substrate of 120 mm × 97mm will be fabricated by holographic lithography - ion beam etching in late 2018.

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) management in kilowatt level, high brightness, narrow spectral width, and all polarization-maintained amplifiers by using laser gain competition is demonstrated. This method can increase the SBS threshold of the fiber amplifier by more than twice without changing the linewidth. By further incorporating phase modulation technique, the SBS threshold is scaled to be as high as 32.4 times compared with single frequency amplification. Output power of 1082 W is achieved with polarization extinction ratio (PER) of ~ 14 dB, linewidth of <7.6 GHz and beam quality (M² factor) of ~M² =1.14 in a preliminary validation experiment. This kind of fiber source has great potential in the applications of high power coherent beam combining (CBC) or spectral beam combining (SBC) systems.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used as a powerful tool to analyze the morphology of ZnTe crystals grown from Te solution. ZnTe crystals found on the end of ZnTe ingot are with micron- to submilimeter size, and their shapes can generally be classified into polyhedral type with smooth facets, and skeletal type with concave faces. The morphology formation mechanisms were discussed. It was found, the ZnTe crystal shape and surface morphology is very sensitive to the growth condition. In spite of the thermodynamics factor (Gibbs free energy theory), the kinetic factors, such as the crystal size and crystalline driving force, play more essential roles in the control of the shape of ZnTe crystals.

A direct diode-pumped all-fiber-integrated fiber laser based on backward pumping master oscillator power amplifier configuration at 1080 nm, producing maximum output power of 4.115 kW based on 25/400 μm fiber with corresponding linear fitting optical to optical efficiency of 78.39% was demonstrated. The suppression ratio of stimulated Raman scattering is better than 35dB and it can be further optimized by decreasing the seed input power. Near diffractionlimited beam quality (M² are 1.7and 1.6 in the x and y directions based on 4-sigma method) is also achieved at the maximum output power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for 4 kW near-diffraction-limited fiber lasers based on 25/400 μm fiber directly pumped by laser diodes.

Laser technology and laser system has more and more important implication in spacecraft engineering. But different from ground environments, space environments include vacuum, extreme temperature and thermal cycling, space radiation environment such as electron, proton, heavy ions, ultraviolet, contamination, and so on. Space environments may have damage or threaten to the space laser system, especially to their optical devices. So the influence of space environments on the laser damage of space laser system should be studied. In this paper, space environments of space laser system encountered is introduced firstly, and then the influence of space environment on space laser system is discussed. Thirdly, the damage mechanism of space environment on laser damage is analyzed. At last, some works or countermeasures were proposed to improve the laser radiation damage threshold of laser system in space environments.

The process of preparing fluorine-doped multimode gradient optical fiber preform by MCVD is studied in this paper. Different core reactants are doped to form different core refractive index distributions. It is found that the core with more germanic chloride and phosphorus has better refractive index distribution. But it is not conducive to the radiation resistance of the fiber.

Polarization maintenance fiber with high birefringence is an important goal for the development of high power fiber lasers. There are different ways to achieve high birefringence, such as change shape of a fiber’s core and apply stress to a fiber’s core. In this paper, fibers with different ovality of elliptical core are fabricated and tested. On the other hand, stress type PM fibers are also made, including PANDA type fibers and bowtie type fibers. Their test results are compared and analyzed together with their structures. Generally, the bowtie type fibers has highest birefringence, while the PANDA fibers are with high birefringence and high production efficiency. Different application can choose different type of PM Laser fibers.

Spacecraft will be damaged by space radiation environments such as electron, proton, X-ray, gamma ray, ultraviolet, and so on. For laser system used in spacecraft, its laser materials and laser devices will be damaged by laser beam. Besides, surface materials of spacecraft can be damaged by high energy laser too. So, spacecraft materials and devices may be damaged by synergistic effect of laser radiation and space natural radiation. In this paper, space radiation environments are introduced firstly, and then synergistic mechanism between laser and space radiation environments are discussed. Thirdly, test method for synergistic effect of laser radiation and space natural radiation on spacecraft is analyzed. At last, some directions are suggested to improve the space environment adaptability of spacecraft in space radiation environments and space laser radiation environment.

Judging from the information war in recent years, the future battlefield UAV will play a huge role. The length of the endurance has become one of the main factors limiting its performance. Using laser beam to charge the flying UAV in real time is a powerful means to greatly extend its endurance and improve its operational efficiency. Accurate target tracking of the charging panels on the aerial flying UAV is a key technology for the subsequent laser beam charging. Aimed at the target tracking module of UAV laser charging system, hardware and software are designed respectively. The structure of each part of the hardware system and the related parameters are analyzed. The software design process and key algorithms are described. In this paper, the target tracking aiming test is carried out by combining the charging panel of the UAV, and various error factors in the process of target tracking aiming are analyzed.

We fabricated and reported a pedestal fiber with Yb/Ce-codoped aluminosilicate (Al₂O₃-SiO₂) core and germanosilicate (GeO₂-SiO₂) pedestal. This newly-optimized chelate precursor doping technique enables us to make homogeneous large-core pedestal fiber with strong pump absorption from Yb³⁺ ions about 3.66dB/m at 915nm. The fiber core was homogeneously doped with 4450ppm Yb³⁺, 11600ppm Al³⁺ and 1800ppm Ce³⁺, and surrounded by pedestal layers with 25000ppm Ge⁴⁺. The results indicate all-gas-phase chelate precursor doping technique is highly competitive for the fabrication of pedestal fiber towards narrow-linewidth fiber laser.

A compatible green stealth photonic thin films against near infrared and 1. 54μm laser, based on the structure of photonic thin films are designed to achieve compatible stealth of targets in background of green plants. Optical thin films have the advantage of regulating characteristics of the beam transmission. In this paper, the thin films are designed to simulate NIR Plateau of the spectral characteristics of green plants in the range of 0.78μm to 1.3μm and form a reflection Valley at 1.54μm. Based on the transfer matrix method (TMM) of thin-films optical theory , the Needle Algorithm and Tunneling Algorithm of thin-film automatic design methods are combined to optimize and design the green thin films. Finally, the near infrared green optical thin films with NIR spectral characteristics similar to the green plants are designed. And the spectral curve has a reflection valley near the center wavelength of 1.54μm ,and the reflectivity of the wavelength of 1.54μm is as low as 5%,achieving the stealth of the laser detector with the wavelength of 1.54 μm. On this basis, the influence of four incident angle of 0°,10°,20°and 30° on the spectral curve is analyzed. The results show that the spectral curves still meet the design requirements.

In modern war, high-speed moving targets such as fighter planes are the key point to reverse the situation of war. Such targets not only move fast, but also stealth performance is getting better and better. By studying the characteristics of high speed moving stealth target, the key technologies of laser defense against high speed moving stealth target are analyzed from the aspects of quantum imaging and quantum detection, and the problems that need to be studied in each technology are pointed out.

Chemical oxygen iodine laser, or COIL, is an impressive type of chemical laser and is widely adopted in the past several decades. A novel approach for obtaining high power vortex beam is explored. A seed vortex beam is amplified by a chemical oxygen iodine amplifier. Numerical simulation is carried out to confirm the feasibility of obtaining high power vortex beam based on chemical oxygen iodine amplifiers. The behavior of the vortex beam is also revealed. As the beam is modulated by the gain media, the beam profile gets asymmetric, and the vortex center no longer locates at the midpoint between the upstream and downstream intensity maximum points. This study suggests a potential approach for developing chemical oxygen iodine lasers.

The laser-emitting system is an important part for the laser system. The system can be used to expand, transmit beam and focus it on the target. While due to the aberration, the beam quality passing the emission system can be changed, which affects the power density on the target and the damage effect. In order to effectively evaluate the damage capability of the transmitted laser to the target and the performance of the emission system, assist the system design, an engineering method for the beam quality calculation of the emission system is proposed.

High efficient and high power 2μm room temperature Ho:YAG laser by two Tm-fiber lasers at 1.91μm was demonstrated. A maximum continuous wave output power of 55.6W was generated, corresponding to the slope efficiency of 61.3% with respect to the incident pump power. At 18kHz of the pulsed repetition frequency, we achieved a less than 31ns FWHM pulse, with the maximum output energy per pulse of 3.0mJ. A beam quality of M 2 <2.4 was achieved.

In order to improve the accuracy of the dynamic model of the mirror, the joint modeling method of the mirror is studied, and the equivalent model of the structure is proposed. Aiming at the problem that too many model parameters are difficult to be determined by theoretical method, a model updating method is established with the experimental data as the objective. The correction results show that the accuracy of the numerical model is greatly improved, which provides a reference for the high confidence modeling of the optical-mechanical structures.

Yb-Al co-doped rod glass introducing with F- as the large core of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) was prepared by solgel method combined with high temperature sintering, and the rod without F^- was fabricated as the comparison. The refractive index and homogeneity of the rods, and the attenuation, laser properties of the fibers have been investigated to confirm the effects of F^- in the fibers. The results show that introducing F^- in the fiber core can obviously decrease the refractive index of Yb³⁺ doped silica glass, and the beam quality of the PCF has been greatly improved by the lower NA of core.

Based on the computing fluid dynamics, the effects of the inhomogeneity of the flow filed at the nozzle entry on the flow characteristic at the gain region were investigated. The computing results indicate that the asymmetric -inhomogeneous conditions can induce the asymmetric influences and the boundary layer separation at the gain region. The symmetric - inhomogeneous conditions with different profiles have different effects. Along the nozzle spanwise direction, the incoming flow with the regular triangle pressure profile can increase the shock wave intensity. The flow structure is broken and the interaction position of boundary layer and shock waves move upstream in the condition with the regular triangle pressure profile. All results can provide information for study and design of the pipe at the COIL nozzle upstream.

The damage of a nanosecond pulse laser on ultraviolet(UV) image intensifier was studied. A laser pulsed with a wavelength of 266nm and pulse width of 25ns was used to radiate an UV imager intensifier. The laser induced damage threshold(LIDT) of the internal components of the UV imager intensifier was measured, and the LIDTs of the optical windows, the microchannel plate and the ultraviolet photocathodes are 1.8mJ / cm² , 3.3mJ / cm² and 17.6 mJ / cm², respectively. It is shown that as the incident laser energy increases, the order of damage of the components inside the image intensifier is: photocathode, microchannel plate and optical window.

Laser decoy is widely used in the field of electro-optical countermeasures, against laser guided semi-automatic weapons. Decoy laser usually includes a laser light source with specific wavelength and signal, whose energy distribution has Lambertian reflection characteristics. With a 633nm laser source, a fibre and a diffusive module, a homogeneous field laser was illustrated, which was generated through high-density colloidal dispersion to get diffused. By optimizing the fibre and structure parameters, the laser light energy utilization was improved while maintain light field uniformity. Additionally, the flat field system was designed and tested using high reflectivity PTFE material, with a reflectivity of 97%. A developed Lambertian light source system for reference-based Laser decoy was established, whose non-uniformity was lower than 0.3%. The results showed that the Lambertian light source system could meet the requirement of Laser decoy, and needed to be improved in near infrared.

A black phosphorus saturable absorber (BP-SA) fabricated by a modified electrochemical delamination strategy exfoliation process was inserted inside a Yb-doped ring laser cavity. Based on this BP-SA, a stable nanosecond pulse laser could be achieved. When the pump power increased to 151 mW, a fundamental repetition rate of 6.78 MHz and 3.38 ns pulse began to initiate. The pulse could initiate stably at least 3 hours each day for a week. These demonstrations indicate that the related thin-film BP SA preparation method would make the construction of pulse laser more efficient and benefit industrial community in the future.

Diluent gas is one of the HF/DF chemical laser fuel gas compositions, which adjust and control combustion temperature. Different diluents affect laser output power. In this paper, firstly we investigated the power variety of chemical DF laser connected to vacuum tank which took He, Ne, Ar, N₂ as diluents respectively. Then we studied the absorbility of the four diluents on zeolite. The results showed that the output power of diluent gas was He>Ne>N₂>Ar; the adsorbance was <<HeNe<Ar<N₂. So we concluded that the N₂ was the best diluent gas candidate for DF chemical laser with a cryosorption vacuum pump to adsorb the exhausted gas.

We report a Ho:YAG laser as a pumping source of the ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillator (OPO) efficient. The Ho:YAG laser end pumped by a Tm fiber laser. We achieve the maximum average output power of 9.48 W with a linear cavity of OPO laser by the maximum output power of 23.5 W with a single-pass pumping of the Ho laser. The OPO laser provide a number of distinct benefits for integration into next generation DIRCM systems.

Through numerical experiments by finite-element method, we have demonstrated arbitrary-bent-waveguide optical diodes utilizing surface magnon polaritons (SMP) waves on the surface of ferrimagnetic materials. Ferrimagnetic bulk-material slab waveguides and their propagation characteristics of SMP waves are presented. Such surface-wave based waveguides, which could be bent in arbitrary degrees, are shown to be promising elements for one-way transmission as optical diodes. The obtained results show that the optical diodes can have huge isolation coefficient and low insertion loss without requiring nonlinear material and polarization elements. Furthermore, the direction of the optical diode can be controlled by an external magnetic field.

The distributed feedback (DFB) laser is a key component for fiber communication due to its single-mode performance, but it usually requires complex and expensive regrowth after grating definition. The laterally-coupled distributed feedback (LC-DFB) laser has the advantage of a simple fabrication process without epitaxial regrowth, but the LC-DFB laser usually has a low coupling coefficient as the optical feedback is provided by the evanescent field and Fabry-Parot (FP) longitudinal modes arise from the pair of parallel cleaved facets. In this work, a triangular prism etched facet is proposed to suppress the FP longitudinal modes from cleaved facets of a 1.3 μm LC-DFB laser. The length-width ratio of a triangular prism facet is optimized on the compromise between the reflection and length by finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The vertical etched facet with depth of 4 μm and tip curvature of 100 nm and the lateral gratings with depth of 1.8 μm and gap of 200 nm are fabricated by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching with the gas mixtures of Cl₂/CH₄/Ar and CH₄/H₂/Ar, respectively. The FP longitudinal modes of the etched-facet laterally-coupled distributed feedback (EF-LC-DFB) laser are effectively suppressed compared to the counterpart of cleaved facets, and the stable single-mode operation of EF-LC-DFB is demonstrated with the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 54.35 dB.

Non-invasive deep tissue imaging and focusing is highly demanded in biomedical research. However, for in vivo applications, the major challenge is the limited imaging depth, a of random scattering in biological tissue causing exponential attenuation of the ballistic component the light wave. Here we present the optical focusing with diffraction-limited resolution deep inside highly scattering media by using machine learning. Compared with conventional adaptive optics, method can not only provide high-speed sensor-less wavefront measurement with more than 90% accuracy, but also dramatically reduce photobleaching and photodamage. This technology paves the way for many important applications in fundamental biology research, especially in neuroscience.

Single and double plasmon induced absorption (PIA) effects have been numerically achieved in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides end-coupled with resonators structure. Here, the structure composed of two MIM waveguides and three side-coupled rectangular resonators is proposed to generate double PIA effects. A multimode coupling mechanism derived from the coupled mode theory is established to describe the spectral features, which is greatly agree with the simulation results, may provide a guideline for designing and analyzing the integrated plasmonic devices based on the multiple PIA effects. What’s more, dynamical control of the amplitude and bandwidth of the multiple PIA effects can be achieved by means of filling poly (methy1 methacrylate) or Kerr material in the Fabry-Perot resonators. Compared with previous reports, the multiple PIA effects are analyzed theoretically in a plasmonic waveguides end-coupled with resonators structure, will have practical applications in plasmonic filters, modulators, sensors, switches and fast light in highly integrated plasmonic circuits.

The rapid advancement of microelectronics technology places higher demands on the interconnection of integrated circuits. The continuous reduction of the critical dimension in the microelectronics fabrication process has led to an increase in the power consumption of the metal interconnect lines. There are many advantages of the on-chip optical interconnect structure, like high speed or low power consumption. Therefore it is one of the best alternatives to the metal interconnect process. GaAlAs/ GaAs is used to make light sources of common optical interconnect structures and these light sources are poorly compatible with CMOS processes. In this paper, we designs a new structure of silicon-based avalanche light source (SBALS), which has the advantages of being compatible with CMOS technology, based on the existing theory of SBALS. And we preliminarily design an on-chip optical interconnect structure by SBALS, which is proposed for optical interconnects in integrated circuits.

In all kinds of optical applications, the precision of central optical distance has significant influence on the desired imaging properties according to the optical design requirements. In this paper, we present a measurement method for the determination of the central distance both in assembled systems and single-lens with high precision, high speed and non-invasive characters. The distance between optical surfaces are optically measured by the mean of swept source domain interferometric system. A fiber-optics system with a central wavelength 1310 nm is built, the central distances of all surfaces within coherence length can be quickly measured at the same time. The system pixel resolution is about 0.1μm calibrated by Mitutoyo standard level-zero gauge and calculated by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and zero-padding algorithm. System precision double checked by other gauges is less than 0.3μm. The standard gauge-sets and a lens were measured by this system, the result also verified the high precision. The systematic error is less than 0.3μm and the sensitivity is about 22μm experimentally. The high speed swept light source (100kHz used in system) ensures the quick measuring speed. This measurement method has high precision, high speed, non-invasive and high sensitivity characters, and can be applied in related optical system.