In this talk, I would like to introduce and summarize specific features of an interaction of intense short-wavelength, i.e., extreme ultraviolet, soft x-ray and x-ray, radiation with matter. Both plasma and e-beam based sources of coherent XUV/x-ray radiation will be reviewed with respect to performing interaction experiments with their beams. An influence of beam characteristics, i.e., radiation wavelength, pulse duration, wave-front quality, coherence and irradiance, on interaction processes would be discussed in details. A response of various systems, from aluminum targets via plasmid DNA to gases, to short and ultra-short pulses of XUV/x-ray radiation will be described. In conclusion, a comparison of these findings with results obtained in such systems with long-wavelength lasers and conventional sources of ionizing radiation will be presented.
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