This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 11334, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee lists.

Due to the strong vibration, space irradiation and device aging of the array remote sensor, the output value of each pixel will be inconsistently attenuates, resulting in strips and even blind pixels, which will reduce the image sharpness and result in the inability to accurately identify the target. In order to realize the high-frequency and high-precision in-orbit relative calibration of large-caliber array optical remote sensors, an on-board calibration method for array optical remote sensors using LED point light source illumination is proposed. LED point light source has the advantages of small size, light weight, strong shock resistance, long life and good stability, and can be regarded as lambertian source after relative distribution correction. In addition, the linear and high-frequency response characteristics of the LED point light source are linearly calibrated for the remote sensor. Based on the characteristics of the uniform attenuation of LED point light source, the non-uniformity correction algorithm of LED point light source illumination and the relative calibration theory of remote sensor on-board are constructed. Through numerical simulation, the non-uniformity 2.7% LED point light source relative calibration system, after being corrected by the non-uniformity 1% standard uniform source, the relative calibration of the array remote sensor is performed, and the calibration accuracy is 0.49%. When the LED point light source is shifted by 1.5% from the eccentric remote sensor, the relative calibration accuracy of the remote sensor is only reduced by 0.2%. The relative calibration accuracy of the on-board optical remote sensor based on the LED point light source is mainly affected by the uniformity of the standard source used to correct the relative distribution coefficient of the LED. Therefore, the use of LED point light source for the relative calibration of the on-board optical remote sensor is not only engineering, but also provides high-frequency, high-precision on-orbit calibration, and remote sensor health checking.

Green light InGaN photodiodes based on 21-periods In_0.31Ga_0.69N/GaN MQWs with 6-nm-thick barriers were fabricated and characterized. The fabricated devices show a spectral response cutoff of more than three orders of magnitude by 540 nm. Dark current as low as 2.65×10_-14 A was measured at 5 V reverse bias. Responsivity of 69.0 mA/W was obtained at ~490 nm and -5 V bias under the back illumination condition, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 12.8 %.

Photoelectric shaft encoder is a kind of high-precision angle measuring device ,its core angle measuring component is encoder disc. In this paper, a single-ring absolute coding method combining Huffman coding is proposed. The Huffman coding algorithm commonly used for teletext compression transmission is applied to the single-ring photoelectric axis encoder to realize the new single-ring coding method of the coder disc. The method constructs a special Huffman binary tree and designs a special traversal sequence, which is traversed from top to bottom in this order. The code obtained at the leaf node is the shift sequence code required by the code disc, which can be used to engrave a single-circle absolute code disc. This method can improve the coding speed and reduce the complexity of the algorithm under the premise of high-order coding. It provides technical support for the research of small high-resolution photoelectric shaft encoder and accelerates its development speed.

Optical resonators with high quality factor, i. e. better than 10⁸, can be useful for frequency combs, sensors or oscillators applications. It is not easily reproducible to couple the light from a tapered fiber to a crystalline resonator, compared to coupling a resonator designed on a chip to a ridge defined on the same chip. Therefore, the simulation and optimization of crystalline resonators under straight waveguides, has to be performed. We must also take into account technological constraints of manufacturing. At Nanoscale, coupling makes our optimization more dynamics in term of designing space. At first step of the multi-physic optimization enables to demonstrate that, we can simulate and then find an optimal design. This process is the same for other application using coupled devices. The sensitivity analysis shows a good correlation between the obtained experimental Q-factor and the one obtained with finite element simulation. This optimization process integrate some constraints related to manufacturing process, and thermal analysis of the resonator. This process can actually bring a great support to define better performances in several applications of these resonators by achieving high performances devices to be characterized, or sensors. However, some parameters require a non-continuous domain, chosen between fixed positions, but it make the convergence more complicated to perform.

Optical resonators are useful to achieve optoelectronics oscillators or frequency combs. High-Q factor resonators for photonics applications are obtained by polishing. To gain in terms of performance, a way is to perform a controlled annealing process to improve the roughness of resonator’s surface down to the nanometer scale. We present the setup and explain it.

In this paper, the multi-wavelength Šolc-type filter based on MgO:APLN (aperiodically poled lithium niobates) is studied theoretically and simulated. The sequences of the domains in MgO:APLN are optimized to realize the prescribed multiple wavelengths filtering using the novel algorithm. In single domain of MgO:APLN, the output electric field component is calculated by using Runge-Kutta method, which is used as the initial electric field component of the next domain. The output electric field component is obtained by iterative above operation, and finally the transmittance of Šolc-type filter is calculated. The transmittance characteristics of Šolc-type filter at 1470nm and 1570nm under different polarization structures are simulated. It is found that when the applied electric field is 120V/mm and the crystal nonlinearity coefficient is 1:1, the transmittance of 1470 and 1570 nm can reach at 100%. Furthermore, while maintaining the crystal polarization structure, the transmittance of Šolc-type filter under different electric fields is simulated, and it is found that the transmittance of 1470nm and 1570nm increases with the applied electric field intensity, that is, the modulation of transmission power by applied electric field is realized. The accuracy of this method is verified by experiments. This method is suitable for the optimization design of any multi-band Šolc-type filter and provides theoretical support for the development of WDM, DWDM and HSRL.

ATP（Acquisition, pointing and tracking）technology is one of the key technologies and an important guarantee for establishing reliable links in the field of space laser communication. Liquid crystal phased array（ LCOPA）is generally used as the core phase shifter for laser beam precise deflection. The classical precise deflection control method can only realize sparse and uneven concentric circle distribution in the deflection range, and the diffraction efficiency decreases seriously with the increase of deflection angles. Therefore, we propose a liquid crystal beam control method based on planar phased array radar model. The beam direction is controlled by changing phase difference between the electrodes. This method can realize two dimensional continuous beam deflection and uniform distribution. The deflection precision are analyzed and the theoretical simulation and experimental analysis are carried out. The results show that the precision is less than 14 μrad of x direction and 12 μrad of y direction within the range of 2.1 mrad beam deflection. Finally, the effect of rotation angle on two-dimensional deflection precision is analyzed.

With the development of airborne passive detection equipment, radio frequency (RF) stealth performance evaluation becomes more and more important. This is a comprehensive and complex problem. Firstly, RF stealth performance evaluation is not the optimization of a few indices but a comprehensive evaluation model. Secondly, it is a combination of technology and military tactics, which also needs to be integrated with practical application. In views of this problem, this paper proposes an evaluation method for RF stealth performance based on improved firefly algorithm (IFA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) with hesitant fuzzy sets. From the perspective of the radar radiating, a multi-domain evaluation system is established, which divided into four sub-indicators. Then the optimal attribute weights are obtained based on analyzing attributes and solutions. According to the closeness between different solutions and ideal solutions, the radar RF stealth performance ranking is obtained. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new approach.

Angle detection technology in the field of precision measurement has important significance. The angle measurement compares the measured angle with the standard angle to obtain the actual value or deviation value of the measured angle. At present, China’s angle measurement technology has achieved productization, but there are still obvious defects in some special measurement fields. The angle measuring instrument based on the auto-collimation principle has a large volume and has high requirements for the measurement environment. Nowadays, with the development of optoelectronic technology, it is necessary to develop high-precision, portable and automated angle measuring instruments. The autocollimation is a very important measuring instrument for small angle measurements. It is often used to compare or measure small angles. Widely used due to its high accuracy and measurement resolution. In order to study the effect of the magnetic field in space on the bending degree of the extension rod of the star sensor, it is necessary to carry out the precise measurement of the three-dimensional small angle. Due to the small installation and measurement space of the satellite and the strong electromagnetic interference and temperature changes in the measurement environment, the existing three-dimensional angle measurement method cannot measure the three-dimensional bending small angle of the star-sensitive sensor extension rod with high precision, and even damage the instrument. In order to achieve the high precision measurement of three-dimensional small angle in small space conditions, this paper develops a three-dimensional small angle measurement system based on embedded system for data acquisition and data processing. And the algorithm based on the principle of auto-collimation is studied.

Firstly, this paper introduces the hardware structure and measurement principle of the angle measurement system, and briefly describes the design of the optical amplification system. According to the working principle of the optical autocollimation and the two-dimensional PSD, a optical auto-collimation system is designed. Secondly, the application of auto-collimation principle in three dimensional angle measurement is introduced. Finally, based on the synthesis and decomposition of the spatial three dimensional angle, a three-dimensional angle measurement algorithm is proposed and taking the theoretical parameters as an example to analyze the theoretical error of the optical autocollimator system and the installation error of reflector. The focal length, resolution and magnification of the optical system are calculated based on the design objectives. On the basis of this, the optical devices are selected and the optical auto-collimation system is designed. Finally, the experimental results were analyzed by data obtained from several experiments, and a passive non-contact three-dimensional angle measurement method was proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed three-dimensional angle measuring instrument has the advantages of anti-interference and high precision, and its working accuracy is 0.23 arc seconds. The method is mainly applied in the narrow and strong electromagnetic interference three-dimensional angle measurement field, and it meets the requirements of stable and reliable, high precision and strong anti-interference ability of the three-dimensional angle measurement under the condition of small space. It solves the problem of three-dimensional angle measurement under small space conditions to a certain extent.

Instead of natural exposing tests in atmosphere environment, we use artificial accelerated weathering apparatus to simulate solar radiation in ageing tests. Xenon arc lamps are most widely used to simulate spectral distribution of the sun in chambers. According to JJF1525-2015 Calibration Specification for Irradiance of Artificial Accelerated Weathering Apparatus of Xenon Arc Lamp, there are three methods to detect the irradiance: radiometer method, spectroradiometer method and standard lamp method. In this paper, we compare three methods and focus on the spectroradiometer method. Because different wavelength ranges need different radiometers, the best method to calibrate the irradiance in ageing tests is spectroradiometer method. By experiments, we verify the irradiance correspondence between 300nm~400nm and 340nm or 420nm to test the accuracy of spectroradiometer. We also study the factors affecting the irradiance calibration by spectroradiometer. At last we conclude that spectroradiometer is more suitable for irradiance calibration in different ageing tests and provide guidance for daily calibration.

Photodetector that use three dimensional (3D) Dirac Semimetal have received considerable attention because Dirac Semimetal is regarded as an ideal candidate electrode material. In this work, organics is steamed by heat on Cd₃As₂ thin film is used in the field of photoelectric detection. Surprisingly, the photodetector shows excellent photo response properties from 405 nm to 1550 nm. The device exhibiting high photocurrent responsivity (407 mA/W) and external quantum efficiency (58.7 %) at the wavelength of 808 nm, which Ri is more than six times than pure Cd₃As₂ thin film devices. Most interestingly, the NIR photocurrent responsivity of this device can reach 53.1 mA/W. Overall, the broadband photodetector based on using organics and 3D Cd₃As₂ Dirac semimetal thin film heterojunction is proved to better performance for photoelectric application. Moreover, organics/Cd₃As₂ thin film heterojunction also has advantage in low cost array devices. The use of Cd₃As₂ thin film and organics opens up a new path for the practical application of Dirac Semimetal materials.

Directly modulated semiconductor lasers (DMLs) with surface high-order grating have been designed, fabricated and measured. The output powers under different temperatures were measured, and there are almost no kinks among all the light-power curves. The threshold current is 22 mA with a slope efficiency of 0.21 mW/mA at 25 ℃. The side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) over 30 dB is achieved. The wavelength red-shifting caused by current-induced heating is at a ratio of 0.03 nm/mA. Small signal response of this kind of lasers with surface high-order grating was measured at 25 ℃ and the -3 dB bandwidth is 11 GHz.

We demonstrate a bonding InSb/Si wafer and its application in APD. An InSb/Si APD with high gain and high bandwidth is discussed. Bonding wafer of InSb and Si is suitable to fabricate InSb/Si APD. The InSb/Si APD will have better performance than InSb APD, and it is suited for the detection in passive imaging and active imaging operation.

In order to improve the attitude calculation accuracy of Strapdown inertial navigation system based on MIMU, this paper introduces the common methods of Strapdown inertial navigation and compares and analyzes them. The experimental results show that, under the condition of low dynamic, through the comparison and analysis of three attitude update algorithms of Euler angle method, quaternion with the Runge-Kuta method and equivalent rotation vector method., it is found that the quaternion with the Runge-Kuta method and the two-way equivalent rotational vector method are equivalent to the calculation accuracy, which is better than Euler angle method, and the calculation amount of the two-child-like equivalent rotational vector method is less than quaternion numbers algorithm.

In view of the infrared athermalization design initial system difficult to make the selection, material requirements, introduced infrared material selection and sorting system, from the input parameters, to determine the initial system, this paper has fully modular programming. In this paper, the telephoto system combined with poor heat dissipation model, analyzed a perturbation type far infrared wavelengths passive design method of athermalizing lens. Deduces the relationship between the focal power allocation between them, and to unify the two directly by heat dissipation taken away and the difference between objective lens focal power allocation relation. Cut the infrared system selection process, radically reduce the infrared optical system design cycle. In order to verify the feasibility of this method, designed a long shots than 0.8, the range of temperature compensation for - 45 ° ~ 60 ° infrared wavelengths of athermalization telephoto lens.

III-N group material (GaN, AlN and their alloys) exhibits a promising application for infrared integrated passive photonic devices due to its unique advantages. We use wurtzite GaN/Al_0.3Ga_0.7N superlattices in the group material to propose an electro-optic controllable polarization rotator with the periodically left-right alternate top electrodes and a bottom electrode. By an operating voltage of 43.1 V applied on the electrodes, the rotator can realize arbitrary 90º polarization rotation. By an adjustable voltage in the ±4.9 V deviation range, the rotator can also make polarization rotation freely controlled in a full 0º~ 90º range. Due to the periodical top electrode structure of the rotator, polarization rotation is possibly controlled by choosing a different top electrode period number. As a basic function device on III-N group material, the rotator offers a simple way to control polarization in photonic integrated circuits. It can find important applications in a type of polarization-insensitive semiconductor optical amplifiers, polarization control systems, etc.

The s parameter of the gain theory of microchannel plate directly affects the value of each secondary electron emission coefficient. The electron gain is the accumulation of all secondary electrons, so the s parameter has an important influence on the theoretical value of the electron gain. In this paper, two kinds of clad glass and the same core glass materials are used to fabricate two kinds of microchannel plates under the same process conditions, and measured the electronic gain values. Meanwhile, the theoretical model of the electronic gain of the microchannel plates is established by Monto Carlo stochastic mathematical method, and the s parameters of two kinds of microchannel plates were fitted by the model combined with the measured electronic gain values. On the fitted value of S parameters, the variation of the microchannel plates gain and electron transit time with the microchannel plates applied voltage at both ends, channel bias angle, channel length-to-diameter ratio and output electrode penetration depth is simulated, and compared with the corresponding measured results, the coincidence is high. The relationship between electron gain with bias angle and output electrode depth, and the relationship between Gain with Length/Diameter ratio under different voltage is obtained. Besides, this paper get the relationship between Electron transit time and Full width at half maximum (FWHM) with the different Voltages. The results of this study provide support for the calculation of theoretical electron gain of microchannel plates in different clad glass systems.

This paper combines the research of laboratory topics, through reading a large number of related literatures, and tracking the latest technology of interferometer companies at home and abroad, analyzing and contrasting the two mainstream optical path modes of interferometer: Twyman Green and Fizeau Optical Road. To sum up their pros and cons; at present, the focus of research is on how to improve the contrast of stripes and eliminate environmental interference. In view of how to improve the contrast of stripes, scholars have proposed to introduce lasers to replace the original light sources with poor monochromatic properties such as sodium and silver lamps. Because of the strong coherence of laser time and space, related technologies such as polarization coherence and frosted glass screens have been Use, greatly reduce the influence of stray light and overlapping stripes, improve the contrast of stripes; the influence of environmental factors is inherent and the size is uncertain, the dynamic interferometer comes into being, that is, the requirements of anti-vibration technology, corresponding to the interference of different detection caliber Instrument, there are different anti-vibration technology applications, but the overall is divided into passive antivibration technology and active anti-vibration technology.

In order to meet the length calibration requirements of coherent optical time domain reflectometer(COTDR) in state monitoring of long-distance communication, a new coherent optical time domain reflectometer length calibration method was proposed. The method utilized the principle that light circulated continuously in the fiber ring. And based on the principle, the COTDR length calibration device was developed. The device used the pulse frequency and pulse width emitted by the function generator to control the breaking time of the optical switch. Thereby it could realize the control of the propagation time of the light in the fiber loop. If a fiber amplifier was added to the fiber loop, simulation of fiber links of different lengths could be realized. Finally, the length calibration of the coherent optical time domain reflectometer was achieved. The experimental results showed that the length of the fiber used in the device is 150km, and the optical pulse could be rotated up to 7 times in the fiber loop. Therefore, the maximum range of the coherent optical time domain reflectometer length calibration was 1050km. Its extended uncertainty was 7.0m, and the containing factor was 2. This method could not only promote the development of coherent optical time domain reflectometry technology, but also provided a good idea for COTDR length calibration.

Microchannel plate (MCP) is an important signal multiplier. The original reduced lead silicate glass MCP was coated with amorphous alumina by atomic layer deposition (ALD), using trimethylaluminium Al(CH₃)₃(TMA) and water as precursors, to enhance the electron gain characteristics. The electrical properties of ALD-MCP at different deposition temperatures, cycles and annealing processing were investigated. The results indicated that the electron gain showed a Bigaussion trended electron gain-deposition temperature behavior at the ALD deposition temperature controlled from 120°C to 300°C with 60 deposition pulse cycles of TMA/H₂O, while, the bulk resistances of which were basically unchanged. Moreover, the optimum deposition cycles were increased at the maximum electron gains with the rising deposition temperature. Besides, the modified effect of ALD-MCP was significantly affected by the processing parameters, the electrical properties of which even deteriorated with the unsuitable one. The electron gain and dark current was mainly related to the concentration of hydroxyl on the surface of microchannel layer. With an excessive annealing temperature at 400°C, despite the electron gain of ALD-MCP was almost 2×10⁴ , the dark current of which would increase dramatically, even more than four times larger than that of the original hydrogen reduced MCP.

The total luminous flux is one of the most important characteristics of LEDs. The total luminous flux measurement of traditional LEDs with low power (0.05W@20mA), low heat and single package must conform to the specifications of CIE 127: 2007 Measurement of LEDs. Compared to traditional low-power LEDs, the latest LEDs have higher power (1W@350mA), higher heat and exhibit more complex packages. Because of their own characteristics, high-power LEDs have put forward some new measurement requirements for standard light source, heat dissipation structure, special fixture and integrating sphere. Therefore, a new type of 2π standard light source has been designed and used for the total luminous flux calibration of high-power LEDs.

This paper addresses the electromagnetic immunity of the embedded controller area network (CAN) controller in microcontroller to the conducted disturbances. The immunity of the CAN controller is measured with the direct RF power injection method. The results show that when electromagnetic interference(EMI) with its frequency ranged from 750MHz to 1000MHz is coupled from the ground network into the chip , compared with the power network, the immunity decreases by 2-4 dBm. In addition, the immunity of controller with transmission rate of 10 Kbps is 2.37 dBm lower than that of the controller with the transmission rate of 1 Mbps when the EMI with frequency of 660M is injected through the power network. The electromagnetic immunity of CAN controller is positively correlated with the signal transmission rate.

In order to solve the low precision and poor universality of the existing 6D sensors, a novel sensor is designed based on optical measurement. After the precision influence factor is analyzed, the numbers, layout and material of the target points on 6D sensor are especially considered. And then the structure of six points in the space by using infrared laser is designed. The double theodolites measurement network is used to calibrate the structure parameters of the sensor in order to improve precision. After the mathematic principle is given, both calculation methods for optimization based on Levenberg-Marquardt and the produce of the initial value based on lagrangian multiplier are stated. The experimental data show that the root-mean-square errors of three rotation angles are 0.017°，0.013°and 0.017°. The root-mean-square errors of three translation parameters are 0.077mm，0.095mm，0.079mm. The precision can meet the requirements and the 6D sensor can be successfully used in the manufacturing industry.

The family of carbon allotropes (graphene, carbon nanotube) with its rich chemistry and physics, attracts a great deal of attentions in forming novel hybrid nanostructures. However, owing to the low absorption, the performance of pristine graphene and carbon nanotube photodetectors are greatly limited. Combining low-dimensional nanomaterials into hybrid nanostructures is a promising avenue to obtain enhanced material properties and to achieve nanodevices operating with novel principles. Here we demonstrate a photodetector based on carbon nanotube/graphene doped with P3HT. A broadband photodetector (covering 405-980 nm) based on such hybrid films is fabricated with a high photoresponsivity of above 10⁴ A/W. The results presents a potential application for efficient, low-cost, scalable vis-IR photodetection for all-carbon based photodetectors.

The detection error of the laser ranging system determines its application and has always been one of the research hotspots in the field of laser ranging. In order to improve the resolution of the laser ranging system, this paper designs a laser receiving circuit with low noise and a double threshold time discrimination circuit from the perspective of reducing the ranging error. Firstly, based on the input noise of the laser receiving system, we select the appropriate transimpedance amplifier and secondary amplifier according to the noise characteristics of the optical receiving system. Then, based on the energy of the received echo signal, we derive the design formula of the double threshold circuit. Finally, we verify the designed double-threshold laser receiving circuit by experiments, and find that it can significantly reduce the detection error of the system.

Resistive Plate Chambers are planar, gaseous detectors made with electrodes and resistive plates, which is divided into single-gap (RPC) and multi-gap (MRPC). Such detectors have a simple structure, good time resolution, high efficiency, small dead zone, flexible signal readout mode and a relatively low cost, etc. Therefore, it has extensive and important applications in high energy physics, nuclear physics and other fields. The resistive glass plate has good stability and is less affected by the environments, which ensures the uniformity of the electric field inside the detector and makes the detector have lower dark current and noise. In this paper, the influence mechanism of resistive glass on detector performance was introduced firstly. Then the application and research status at home and abroad were summarized. On this basis, the existing problems in the research of resistive glass were expounded. Finally, according to the application requirements of RPC under the condition of high particle fluxes, the future development trend was analyzed and proposed. The author believes that it is the future development trend and direction in the field of resistive glass to carry out research on high-performance resistive glass materials and develop pure electronic conduction glass materials with volume resistivity of 109Ω•cm ~1010Ω•cm through composition design and control. At the same time, in order to meet the manufacturing requirements of large area array detectors, the strength, chemical stability and the possibility of batch manufacturing of the glass should also be fully considered in the development process of resistive glass.

Optical physiotherapy system can bring effective treatment for skin diseases and arthritis. On the one hand, using artificial light such as infrared, ultraviolet, visible light or laser to irradiate the lesion area, local heating by light wave can improve tissue vitality, promote collagen production, and achieve the purpose of disease prevention and treatment. On the other hand, by feeding back light signals of specific bands to the human body, the imbalance function can be adjusted to health status. In this work, a uniform phototherapy system based on multi-band LED is designed, which integrates non-contact signs monitoring function. The purpose is to monitor the sleeping state of patients at the same time of optical physiotherapy, so as to evaluate the effect of phototherapy. The performance of the design is analyzed and found to be within the design acquirements. This work provides an effective and feasible scheme and treatment equipment for optical rehabilitation physiotherapy and other applications. Keywords: optical physiotherapy, sleep monitoring, feature extraction, multi-band

To meet the requirements of 45nm node ultraviolet lithography exposure optical system with 193nm wavelength and 1.35 NA for high resolution in extremely large scale integrated circuit. A depolarizer is designed to implement high quality polarization mode lighting on mask surface. In this paper, the depolarizer in the polarization transformation module is designed and the AR film in the depolarizer is developed, combination of two wedge shaped quartz crystals with a diameter of 50±0.2mm is used to realize beam depolarization, with optical axes of two crystals are at an angle of 45 degrees in space. The front one achieves depolarization and the back one compensates optical path. The reflectivity of the prepared AR film is less than 99.5% at 193nm, this depolarizer solved a series of problems caused by the sharp reduction of focal depth due to the increase of NA and the shortening of exposure wavelength, therefore, the development of this depolarizer has certain application value.

The resistive plate chamber (RPC) is a gaseous parallel-plate detector, the glass resistive plate is the key element of RPC. In order to meet the requirement of high flux particle detection, it is urgent to develop low resistivity electroconductive glass. For this purpose, we designed the glass of SiO₂-B₂O₃-P₂O₅-Al₂O₃-M_xO_ysystem, the M_xO_y was chosen as Fe₂O₃, V₂O₅ and MnO₂. In this paper, the formation abilities and conductive properties of glass were studied by adjusting the contents of the glass forming body and M_xO_y. The results showed that P₂O₅-Al₂O₃and P₂O₅-B₂O₃ built a quasi-[SiO₄] tetrahedron structure as the glass forming body, the SiO₂strengthened the network, which greatly improved the stability of the glass. Meanwhile, the addition of B₂O₃ and P₂O₅ could enhance the doping ability of M_xO_y in the whole glass system, which was benefit to reduce the resistivity of glass. Three transition metal oxides were added to the same base glass, and their resistivity was in order: _ρFe＜_ρV＜_ρMn. The relationships between the oxidation-reduction atmosphere of glass melting and the resistivity of glass were investigated. The conductivity types was confirmed to be electronic conductive by testing the Seebeck coefficient and Hall effect of glass. The resistivity of the developed SiO₂- B₂O₃-P₂O₅-Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ electronic conductive glass system was reached to10¹⁰Ω·cmlevel.

Pressure sensors have many applications in medical fields. Conducting rubber film with good piezoresistive characteristics was synthesized and used for a special micro pressure sensor design. The film features adjustable measurement range, good mechanical robustness, and room-temperature fabrication. The resistance-pressure curve was measured, and the repeatability was checked. The specially designed micro sensor can be used for the measurement of human body liquid pressure.

Stretchable and transparent electrodes (STEs) are vital and indispensable in developing optoelectronic devices aiming for next-generation flexible electronics. However, the fabrication of high-performance electrodes with both good stretchability and transparency is still challenging. To balance the conductivity and stretchability trade-offs in previously reported STEs, the STEs with embedded metal nickel (Ni) meshes in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in this study are designed and tested. The STEs show high optical transparency (81.6%), high stretchability (40%) and low resistance (0.44 Ω). We can further improve the mechanical stretchability of the STEs by designing the Ni mesh patterns, while still maintaining optical and electrical properties.. In addition, this fabrication strategy versatile without sophisticated processing procedures, opening possibility for high-throughput, large-volume, and low-cost production, which would lead to potential applications in wearable medical equipment and transparent electronic devices.

In this paper, the method of stray radiation suppression in infrared radiation measurement in vacuum and cryogenic environment is introduced. The stray radiation suppression structure of a vacuum cryogenic infrared radiation measurement system is designed, and the stray radiation received by the detector of the system is simulated and analyzed. The vacuum cryogenic infrared radiation measurement system is mainly composed of blackbody radiation source, cryogenic optical system, medium wave(3μm~5μm)/long wave(8μm~12μm) detector, signal processing system and stray radiation suppression system. First, the hood retaining ring is designed. according to the system design requirements and structure, the cylindrical blocking ring of the cylindrical mask is designed. Secondly, the number of stray lights entering the system with or without the blocking ring is simulated and analyzed. The stray radiation of the key components in the system is analyzed, and the signal-to-clutter ratio of the target radiation to the stray radiation received by the detector at different ambient temperatures is analyzed. The simulation results of stray radiation received by medium-wave and longwave infrared detectors at different ambient temperatures are given respectively.

In order to meet the requirements of Mars rover test, the Mars surface illumination environment simulation system was developed, which is mainly composed of optical subsystem, mechanical and control subsystem. It can simulate the solar elevation angle at a large angle and solar spectrum on Mars surface, etc. It is of great significance for development of Mars rover and the improvement of its ability to perform space exploration missions. After the system was developed, six indexes including irradiance, spectrum, solar elevation angle, illumination area, irradiation uniformity and irradiation stability were evaluated according to the test standards. The irradiance meets the requirement of 0.3 solar constant in the direction of vertical illumination. The spectrum meets the spectral requirements of the landing area; Mars surface illumination environment simulation system can be simulated 75° ~ 90° solar elevation angle, at the same time can be simulated illumination area of more than 10 m × 10 m; The irradiation non-uniformity of this system is ±14% ;Irradiation stability is expressed by irradiation instability, and the irradiation instability of the system is ±4.5% within 2 hours continuously. At present, the Mars surface illumination environment simulation system has participated in the Mars rover test, and the illumination effect has been affirmed by the test department.

In order to solve the problem of non-orthogonality of triaxial magnetometer, we propose a rotation compensation method based on cosine magnetic field to calibrate triaxial magnetometer, which is convenient for practical application. The simulation results show that the error difference with the preset angle is no more than 36′′ (one percent degree), and the error accuracy is very high and we have carried out experiments, the results show that the correct method is feasible and effective, through non-orthogonal compensation, the accuracy of magnetometer measurement has been significantly improved.

In this paper, a calibration device for laser target simulator is designed, which is composed of optical aperture, focusing optical system, energy detection unit, time domain detection unit, two-dimensional displacement mechanism, miniature turntable and control software. The calibration device can accurately and quickly calibrate the spectral parameters, frequency parameters, energy parameters of the laser target simulator with 1.064μm . The uncertainty of power stability and uniformity measurement is less than 8%. Thus provides measurement guarantee for laser target simulator.

The growth of multi-layer stacks of GaN QDs on n-doped Al_0.5GaN template by metal organic chemical vapor phase deposition has been investigated. A two-step growth technique consisting of a low temperature method and high temperature method has been employed to deposit the n-Al_0.5GaN spacer-layer over GaN QDs. The third-layer GaN quantum dots with 22nm low temperature and 15nm high temperature Al_0.5GaN spacer-layer show uniform-size and excellent optical performance. The photo-luminescence suggests that the peak intensity of GaN QDs with two-step grown spacer-layer has been overall enhanced significantly compared to the low temperature grown spacer-layer with the same thickness.

Atmospheric radiation transmission is one of the most complex and variable parts of hyperspectral remote sensing systems. Aimed at the abstraction and complexity of the influence of atmospheric radiation on the quality of hyperspectral imaging, the design of simulation software for hyperspectral atmospheric radiation transmission imaging in visible light is proposed. Firstly,this paper analyzes the radiation transmission process including the surface reflectivity, the adjacent pixel reflectivity and the atmospheric transmission factor, and describes the calculation method of the radiance at-sensor for the hyperspectral image in the visible light bands. Then the multi-core CPU based on the .Net environment is constructed. The adjacent pixel point diffusion function parallel computing module and the GPU-based on-satellite reflectivity parallel computing module; the experimental part takes the hyperspectral surface reflectance image as input data, and degenerates the output into the hyperspectral radiance simulation data in different scenarios. At the same time, test of the time of individual modules and the overall algorithm in the simulation process is tested. The experimental results of real-time performance show that the parallel algorithm has significantly improved.

As an excellent two-dimensional electron multiplier device for transmission and enhancement of electronic image, microchannel plate (MCP) has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high resolution, high gain, low noise, low operating voltage, which plays an irreplaceable role in the fields of low-light-level night vision, space detection, nuclear detection, ultraviolet warning, medical image and so on. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of the application fields and the improvement of related manufacturing technologies, the performance requirements of MCP, especially the image quality, are getting higher and higher. 4G standard is the latest international requirements of image intensifier with FOM (Figure of Merit) reached more than 1800. Fixed pattern noise between multi-fibers of MCP is a common image defect. This defect not only increases the noise, reduces the signal-to-noise ratio, but also greatly interferes with the imaging quality, which has become a bottleneck problem restricting the improvement of FOM. This research is focused on the formation mechanism and control technology of fixed pattern noise between multi-fibers of MCP. The result shows that the formation mechanism of the fixed pattern noise between the multi-fibers is caused by the difference in microchannel structure, which leads to the difference in secondary electron yields between adjacent multi-fibers. Improving microchannel uniformity is an effective way to eliminate fixed pattern noise. The difference in microchannel structure is caused by the diameter deviation during fiber drawing. Through analysis and experimental measurement, it is found that the "heating-constant-cooling" zone of the drawing furnace has an optimal structure.

The four spectral tunable light sources based on prism + DMD, grating + DMD, prism based + nematic liquid crystal and multicolor LED based are summarized. The first three spectral tunable light sources work similarly, mainly by projecting a fixed continuous spectrum of light output from the light source into the dispersive element, and then projecting onto the spectral modulation device through the converging lens to form a series of flat on the spectral modulation device. Straight spectral band, through the computer controlled spectral modulation device to change the output to the latter spectral distribution, and finally through the uniform mixing system to produce a prism + DMD-based spectral tunable light source with higher output energy, due to the prism used by the dispersive element, Therefore, its spectral resolution is non-linear, and the spectral resolution is higher at a shorter wavelength, and the uniform temperature source with adjustable color temperature and adjustable brightness. The spectral resolution is lower at longer wavelengths. The spectrally tunable source based on prism + DMD has a spectral resolution that does not change with wavelength due to the grating used by its dispersive element. However, due to the multi-level diffraction of the grating, its energy utilization is low, only 35% of the prism. about. The spectral modulation device based on the prism + nematic liquid crystal uses a nematic liquid crystal. The size of the nematic liquid crystal is large, and there is almost no diffraction phenomenon in the infrared band, so the spectral resolution in the infrared band is high. . The spectrally tunable light source based on multi-color LED has the lowest cost. It is combined by a plurality of monochromatic LEDs with different center wavelengths and different bandwidths, and the brightness and darkness of each LED is controlled by a special control algorithm to emit a whole band. The spectrally adjustable light output, and finally, after the light is mixed by the uniform light mixing system, a uniform light source with adjustable color temperature and adjustable brightness can be formed at the exit.

At present, LED is widely used as an illumination source. Because its spatial intensity is similar to lambertin distribution, the divergence angle of the beam is large, so that the light intensity of the LED source is rapidly attenuated as the propagation distance increases. Increasing the power of the LED light source will cause many LEDs to be packaged into a larger area chip, so that it is difficult to solve the beam uniformization and the collimated light by using a general collimating optical lens. In this paper, a collimated light system based on LED light source array is designed, which can produce a beam of collimated light from the high-power large-area LED, and low chromatic aberration occurs in the optical system. Such a light source optical system can be used as a super power parallel light source of many optical instruments such as an LED light source projector, a high power spotlight, a photographic illumination light source and the like. In the paper, optical design software zemax is used to optimize and design the optical lenses.

The intensity distribution of the whole arc is not uniform in the discharge process of short-arc xenon lamp. Generally, the intensity of the arc is the highest at 0.07×L (L is polar distance) away from the cathode, forming a cathode spot with great brightness. Therefore, short-arc xenon lamp can be regarded as a point source of high brightness, and short-arc xenon lamp is an ideal concentrating light source, which is similar to sunlight in intensity and collimation. Xenon lamp has the characteristics of high radiation power, small spot, high brightness, good stability and instantaneous start-up. The luminous point can be made very small, and the positioning accuracy is high, so it is easy to realize directional reflection. The spectral energy distribution of short arc xenon lamp is close to that of blackbody radiation. The short-arc xenon lamp can be used as an ideal point source for military searchlight, solar simulator and optical experiment. Parabolic reflector is an axisymmetric quadric reflector. It can be used as a reflector for directional xenon lamp because it has equal optical path to the object point on the infinite far axis. According to the characteristics of parabolic reflector, the model of directional xenon lamp is established by TRACEPRO software, and the effects of focal length, aperture, inclusive angle and axial defocusing of directional xenon lamp on illuminance are simulated and analyzed.

A 1×4 LiNbO₃ electro-optic switch is proposed based on Mach-Zehnder interference structure. The optical switch is composed of three 1×2 MZI switch units, each of which includes Y branch, interference arm and directional coupler. The phase difference of the light propagating on two interference arms is generated through the loaded bias voltage, and the switching between the two output ports of the MZI switch unit can be realized. The parameters of Y branch and directional coupler of optical switch are designed and optimized, and the performance of the whole device is simulated. The total length of the device is 5.8cm and the insertion loss is 0.54dB. The extinction ratio bandwidth larger than 20dB reaches 100nm, and the maximum extinction ratio at the wavelength of 1550nm is 33dB. The function of optical switch with four-channel gating is realized. The proposed optical switch is expected to be used in the fields of optical interconnection and optical signal monitoring on high-speed integrated chips.

With the rapid development of precision automation and intelligent equipment industry, the need of miniaturized and high-precision grating displacement sensors is increasing. It is still a challenge for highly reliable mini sensors due to the limitations of current employed light sources, such as their sizes, features, etc. To develop novel grating displacement sensors, light source needs to be met the requirements. Based on the principles of grating signals, we developed a novel grating displacement sensor by employing a Honeywell infrared LED as the light source. The influence of the main parameters (e.g. divergence angle, width of light source, etc.) of the infrared LED light source on the grating Moiré Fringes has been analyzed in detail. The intensity distribution of the Moiré light field model has also been established to estimate the quality of the grating signals with new light source. Both mathematical modeling and experimental results verify the feasibility of the design showing two clear orthogonal sinusoidal signals. Compared with traditional light sources (visible point light source), the infrared LED light source can significantly shorten the grating optical structure, thereby facilitating the miniaturization of the grating sensor. Due to the transmission characteristics of long-wavelength light, the infrared source can both improve the contrast of the Moiré Fringes and the quality of the grating signals. We believe that the designed grating displacement sensor will open a new phase in application with the advantages of infrared LED source, such as stable intensity, long lifetime and low prices.

Integrated array optical switch puts forward higher requirements for switch time and switch voltage. In order to achieve lower switch voltage and shorter switch time, the theoretical model of coplanar waveguides (CPW) electrode is established for Lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) optical switch, and a novel structure with thickening buffer layer between electrodes is proposed in this paper. Then the modulation bandwidth and electro-optic overlap integral are qualitatively analyzed and optimized by finite element method (FEM). The simulation results show that the electro-optic overlap integral increases gradually with the raising of buffer layer thickness between electrodes. The switch voltage of the optical switch is about 5.7V, which is lower than the traditional electrode structure. The switch time is about 0.48ns. This new structure contributes to reducing the half-wave voltage of the modulator and can be potentially used in the field of electro-optic modulation.

In order to obtain narrow linewidth semiconductor laser around 1564 nm, we design a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser based on surface etched high-order Bragg gratings (SE-HOBGs). To achieve C-band Bragg resonance wavelength selection, the laser is designed as a grating period of 4.84 μm, an etched groove depth of 1.2 μm, a grating duty cycle of 69%, a total grating length of 72 μm, and a ridge waveguide width of 4.0 μm. For the DBR laser with cavity length of 1 mm, the output power reaches to 9.9 mW/facet and a 1564 nm laser output with a side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) more than 30 dB at an injection current of 80 mA. We measured and analyzed the phase/frequency noise, linewidth characteristics and the relative intensity noise (RIN) characteristics of the laser in detail. The lasers showed narrow Lorentz linewidth of 70 kHz. This paper provides a simple method for large-scale production of narrow linewidth semiconductor lasers.

The Stabilization accuracy of LOS accuracy is a key factor of affecting the tracking and pointing accuracy of ship borne laser weapons. This paper gives a Stabilization algorithm of LOS for ship borne laser weapon based on the strap down measurement, derives the formula of calculating the angle velocity of forward control by coordinate transferring using the ship’s swing angle, swing angel velocity and the line of sight relative to the deck, realize the compound control of the servo system, and achieve the goal of isolating the ship’s swing. The test shows that this Stabilization algorithm of LOS cans reduce the influence of ship sway on the stability of the bore sight of ship borne laser weapon utility.

The work presents a study of CPT-based atomic clocks with miniature rubidium vapour cells fabricated by direct optical bonding (DOB). This MEMS-compatible technology was for the first time used for making cells containing alkali-metal vapour. One of its important advantages is relatively low temperature (e.g. room temperature) required for cell assembly. The work discusses results of spectral measurements of DOB-fabricated cells with a volume of less than 1 cm³ , which provided stability of CPT-based atomic clocks better than 5·10^–11 at 1 second and 5·10^–12 at 24 hours. The obtained results suggest a significant potential of DOB for fabrication of alkali-metal vapour cells for broader application and cost reduction of atomic clocks.

Current active millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging system applied to personnel surveillance uses shape recognition in the reconstructed image to identify dangerous goods. This method relies on a single kind of information namely pixel value to distinguish potential threats. It can be susceptible to interference such as noise and multiple scattering and it is difficult to distinguish fine structures. In view of this situation, this paper presents a feature acquiring through multi-angle imaging to characterize target’s scattering property. This feature can add one more dimensional information of targets except for the original reconstructed image, and it can distinguish objects more accurately to assist the realization of target classification. Electromagnetic simulation has been conducted and the reconstructed image results as well as quantitative studies show the effectiveness of this feature in assisting target distinction.

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) technology has developed rapidly in the past decades, and it has become an important method in the field of spectral analysis. Traditional THz-TDS can only analyze isotropic materials. But the need to add polarization analysis in THz-TDS is becoming more and more urgent. In this paper, a polarization THz-TDS system is established. The birefringence and polarization dependent loss parameters of YVO₄, Iceland spar, MgF₂, quartz in the terahertz band had been measured. Among them, the birefringence parameter of quartz, MgF₂ and Iceland spar at 0.9 THz is in good agreement with the literature. The minimum polarization dependent loss of the four crystals between 0.2THz and 1.5THz are 3.03dB, 4.42dB, 4.4dB and 2.94dB, respectively.

A double balance mixer based on the microstrip balun is proposed in this paper. The new design is simulated and validated by the measurement. The measured results show that the typical conversion loss is 10dB from 2GHz to 20GHz, with a local oscillator (LO) power level of 12dBm. Furthermore, the return loss and the LO-to-RF isolations are better than 10dB and 20dB, respectively. Compared with the reported works, the circuit performs the best conversion loss and isolation characteristic in the wide bandwidth. In conclusion, the designed mixer exhibits an outstanding comprehensive performance.

With increasing interest in wireless communications at terahertz (THz) frequencies, investigations on the link performance in indoor and outdoor environments are required. In order to analyze the signal impairments caused by outdoor weathers and indoor surface reflections, wireless channels are employed using a continuous wave (CW) signal at five discrete frequencies (100, 200, 300, 400 and 625 GHz) with a data rate of several Gb/sec. The link performance in rainy, snowy, and atmospheric turbulence weathers is analyzed by measuring the power and bit-errorratios (BERs). Scattering effects due to reflection by indoor rough surfaces are investigated. Predictions for power attenuation and link performance in these scenarios are conducted and compared with experimental results.

This work describes the diffuse scattering response of a terahertz data stream on metallic rough surfaces to investigate its influence on wireless channels. The measurements are performed using a wireless link with carrier frequencies operating from 100-400 GHz with transmitter and receiver modules mounted on separate rotatable rails. The acquired data are analyzed to determine the dependence of scattering pattern on surface roughness parameters, including rms height and correlation length. Fundamentals of scattering and reflections are explained and integral equation method (IEM) with an exponential correlation function is verified for theoretical predictions. The implications of surface roughness for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths in non-specular directions are discussed for the first time.

In this paper we present a novel nonlinear metamaterials absorber consisting of a gold cross structure resonator, and a ndoped InAs ground plane separated by a GaAs spacer. When the incident field strength rises from 60𝑘𝑉 ∙ 𝑐𝑚−1 to 300𝑘𝑉 ∙ 𝑐𝑚−1, the absorption at resonance frequency is reduced by 70% due to the nonlinear response of n-doped InAs ground plane. To the best of our knowledge, the modulation depth of our design is higher than previous works on nonlinear absorber. The mechanism behind the modulation is demonstrated by transmission line model analysis and numerical simulations. The proposed structure eliminates the side effect brought by the substrate and can be developed to dual-band nonlinear metamaterials absorber. Such flexible design may find its applications in ultrafast terahertz optics and passive protection of sensitive electromagnetic devices.

A novel marchand balun is proposed using multilayer microstrip lines technology. The developed balun achieves he broadband operation and the blocking by introducing rectangle-shape microstrip and a U-shape microstrip coupled line in the conventional marchand balun. Meanwhile, the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the multilayer microstrip circuit has been analyzed. The measured results of the proposed balun agree well with the full-wave simulation results across the bandwidth from 20GHz to 55GHz,the insertion loss and the phase difference is better than 5dB and close to 1800,,respectively, and the circuit size is about 2.6mm *1.5mm.

A fiber-type terahertz time-domain spectrometer was developed by combining fiber femtosecond laser with fiber-coupled terahertz photoconductive antenna. And variable angle terahertz reflectance of high-resistance silicon wafer and composite absorbent material was measured using this spectrometer. The measurement results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation results.

The design of two different terahertz on-chip antennas operating at 300GHz based on TSMC 40nm CMOS process is presented. On the basis of the rectangular radiation patch, the antennas are slotted according to the meandering technique, including double T-shaped slot antenna and double E-shaped slot antenna. The different shapes of slots designed in the radiation patch can increase the current density of the antenna effectually by altering the current path on the surface of the patch antenna, which can also increase the equivalent length of the antenna. Subsequently, it can decrease the area of the antenna efficiently and achieve miniaturization. At the same time, the bandwidth and gain of the antenna are improved, the double E-shaped slot antenna has a better bandwidth with the smallest size. It shows that the bandwidth of the double E-shaped slot antenna is about 179GHz (272GHz~451GHz). The gain and the radiation efficiency are 2.54dB and 49.4%, respectively. The performance of the two proposed antennas can be verified by the measurement by applying them in terahertz circuits.

In this work, terahertz time-domain (THz) spectroscopy and deep learning were used to analyze the spectral characteristics of a sample in the terahertz region. Nonlinear dimensionality reduction of the THz spectral data and a detection model for the freshness of stored wheat were investigated by deep learning and THz-TDS. The aim of this work was to enrich and develop the theory and method for testing stored grain quality, and improving the storage of rice through the use of THz technology. Furthermore, the work will provide theoretical basis for reducing the loss of grain storage.