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To quantitatively evaluate the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), the figure-of-merits (FOM) have been developed. However, the current version of FOM has limitations in applications, especially, it does not consider the breakdown effect that seriously affects the effective maximized energy output. At the same time, the standardized method to evaluate output capability that can be universally applied for all nanogenerators is missing. Here, a standardized assessment method is firstly proposed for output capability assessment of nanogenerators, in which the breakdown limits have been considered. Contact separation (CS) and contact freestanding-triboelectric-layer (CFT) modes TENGs are used to demonstrate this method, and the maximized effective energy output and revised FOM are calculated based on the experimental results. These results are consistent with that theoretically calculated based on Paschen’s law. The standardized evaluation on a film-based piezoelectric nanogenerator is also conducted based on this method, demonstrating its universal applicability for nanogenerators. This study proposes a standardized method for evaluating the effective output capability of nanogenerators considering the breakdown effect, which is crucial for standardized evaluation and applications of nanogenerator technology.
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