The discovery of Archimedean spiral vortex patterns in single ionization of the helium atom by a pair of time-delayed, counter-rotating circularly-polarized attosecond pulses has created a new subfield in atomic molecular and optical (AMO) physics field. While this novel electron phenomenon has been demonstrated experimentally using femtosecond pulses and small binding energy atomic targets, our prediction of electron vortices has stimulated a number of theoretical studies for the occurrence of electron vortices in other atomic or molecular systems and linear or nonlinear processes. Great applications of electron vortices include laser pulse diagnostics, control of electron motions, control of charge migration in matter, imaging electron correlation processes while they occur, measuring of quantum mechanical phase of ionic states.
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