An algorithm for reconstruction of the Earth’s surface reflection coefficients from MODIS images is considered. The atmospheric correction of the data is carried out taking into account side illumination, additional light exposure of the Earth’s surface to reflected radiation, influence of the inhomogeneous Earth’s surface, and radiation polarization was carried out. To accelerate obtaining of results, it is suggested to use a number of approximation formulas and criteria. A comparison with the results of execution of the MOD09 algorithm for three regions of the Earth’s surface (in Tomsk, Moscow, and Irkutsk Regions) demonstrated that in the first, third, and fourth MODIS channels, the average values of the data obtained by the proposed algorithm were closer to the reference ones than the results obtained by the MOD09 NASA algorithm; in the second MODIS channel, the difference reached an order of magnitude. In the eighth MODIS channel, one algorithm was preferable to another in some situations, whereas in other situations, wise versa.
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