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Accurate mapping of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) during surgery is difficult, which contributes to the suboptimal diagnosis and recurrence of cancers. To overcome this limitation, we developed a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobe for real-time navigation of GIST using a targeted strategy against the CD117 ligand stem cell factor (SCF). A zwitterionic NIR fluorophore conjugated to SCF showed specific binding to a xenograft mouse model of CD117-positive GIST-T1 with minimal nonspecific tissue signals. This promising intraoperative imaging strategy could be further explored for early diagnosis and follow-up of GIST prognosis before and after surgical resection.
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