Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to diabetic complications. Proteins undergo a series of complex and chain of biochemical actions in producing AGEs, some of which are fluorescent. In our study, we investigated the effects of glucose, fructose, and galactose in forming AGEs. Porcine tissues such as corneas, tendons, skin, aortas, and kidney were treated in the D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fructose solutions, and multiphoton microscopy was performed on the glycated tissue specimens. We found that the rate of fAGEs formation from fructose was the highest.
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