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Transport of Intensity Equation (TIE) is a powerful computational tool for quantitative phase imaging using intensity only measurement. However, one drawback of TIE is that it does not include any parameters of the imaging system in the equation. To account for the effect of the imaging system on the retrieved phase, TIE is reformulated using Contrast Transfer Function (CTF) to analytically derive the distortion functions present in TIE. The distortion function attenuates the frequency components in the pass band resulting in a blurry phase image. For image restoration, signal parameters are estimated by minimizing a cost function for power spectrum and an optimal wiener filter is employed to deconvolve the distortion function. The proposed method is experimentally demonstrated through a visible enhancement in the phase images of human cheek cells obtained using a bright field microscope.
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Sibi Chakravarthy Shanmugavel, Yunhui Zhu, "Transport of intensity phase imaging with Wiener deconvolution for enhanced visibility," Proc. SPIE 11653, Quantitative Phase Imaging VII, 116531E (5 March 2021); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2583263