Free-space coupled membrane photonic devices are highly desirable for 3D optical interconnects, free space communications, imaging, sensing, and ranging applications. Based on transfer printing processes, heterogeneously integrated active photonic crystal devices can be built on the common silicon platform. In this talk, I will report recent progresses related to hybrid integrated photonic crystal surface-emitting membrane lasers on silicon substrate, based on QW gain material and transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Issues to be discussed related to thermal performance, charge injection, and scaling towards energy efficient optical interconnects.
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