This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 11919, including the Title Page, Copyright information, and Table of Contents.

Laser stimulation of the vagus nerve (VN) was successfully obtained using a 1505-nm diode laser in continuous-wave mode. Arterial pressure (AP) significantly decreased during the laser stimulation at the surface temperature of ~42 °C.

Conventional photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer typically utilizes an end-firing flat fiber (Flat) to deliver optical energy, leading to incomplete treatment of target cells due to a Gaussian-shaped non-uniform beam profile. The current study demonstrates a therapeutic capacity of micro-lens arrays (MLA)-assisted laser irradiation to enhance photothermal effects. Computational and experimental validations are performed on gelatin phantoms and aqueous dye solutions to compare photothermal responses of Flat and MLA. In vivo tumor-bearing mouse models are developed to evaluate a therapeutic capacity of MLA-assisted PTT. Evaluations with both phantom and aqueous solution present that the MLA-assisted laser treatment accompanies a wider and more uniform beam distribution, compared to the Flat-based treatment. The in vivo results confirmed that the MLA-assisted laser treatment induced spatially-consistent tumor necrosis on account of uniform temperature distribution. The proposed MLA application can be a feasible method to help achieve the complete tumor removal without recurrence.

For enabling haemostasis during brain tumour resection, suitable laser application parameters for the wavelengths 1940 nm and 1480 nm were investigated as an alternative for bipolar forceps in tissue coagulation.

Laser medical treatments trigger thermal effects which can damage the tissue. Results show an estimation of depth temperature distribution by combining surface temperature dynamics with a thermal-diffusion-based model and a data matching algorithm.

Here we present a platform technology for the direct sintering of calcium phosphates on dental hard tissues using femtosecond lasers. Different parameters are investigated in order to obtain the optimum layers

During laser lithotripsy, fluorescence of stones and reflection signals from the fiber surface can be measured with the aiming beam light, paving the way for an automatic stone and fiber breakage detection.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided laser ablation (LA) has been recently investigated for the treatment of pancreatic tumor. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of EUS-guided LA in porcine pancreatic tissue to treat pancreatic tumor ablation with minimal thermal injury to adjacent tissue. A 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser was applied to both ex vivo and in vivo porcine pancreatic tissue through a diffusing applicator. Overall, coagulation diameter increased linearly with the applied power without carbonization and fiber degradation on ex vivo tests (i.e., R² = 0.87). Thediffusing applicator created a uniformly symmetrical laser ablation in pancreatic tissue. In vivo tests with EUS confirmed easy insertion and high durability of the diffusing applicator. The proposed EUS-guided diffusing LA can be a feasible therapeutic approach to effectively treat pancreatic tumor with predictable thermal ablation and enhanced safety

Uncontrolled therapy depth of treatment strategies for mucosal lesions may lead to adverse side effects. Laser ablation therapy using near-infrared laser irradiation provides confined therapy depth limited with a thickness of mucosa.

This study presents a first clinical translation of bone viability classification technology based on fluorescence imaging and subsequent image texture analysis to provide orthopedic surgeons with intraoperative information for patient treatment optimization.

We proposed a phenotypic image-based AST via digital inline holographic microscopy (DIHM) and dedicated machine learning algorithms. The analysis relies on monitoring single bacteria during the kinetics of changes induced by an antibiotic.

Convolutional neural networks were trained to determine four perfusion parameters from HSI recordings. The false-color images generated in this process show slight differences from the corresponding references, but can be reproduced meaningfully by visual assessment.

Multimodal low-cost endoscopy is desirable in poor resource settings. Here, we developed smartphone-based low-cost, reusable tethered capsule endoscope that allows white-light, narrowband, and fluorescence/autofluorescence imaging of esophagus

A clinically-compatible imaging platform capable of performing widefield quantitative oxygenation and fluorescence imaging is presented with its potential for tissue status assessment in particular for blood perfusion and tumor margin assessment

We introduce a high-resolution polarization imaging approach for automatic stand-alone classification of the unstained breast cancer tissue blocks by using K-means cluster analysis of the Stokes vectors projected on the Poincaré sphere.

Hyperspectral imaging to monitor perfusion parameters during the Allen test was performed in 20 volunteers. Clear differences in tissue oxygenation and hemoglobin index during rest, occlusion and reperfusion were visually and computationally evident.

Label-free imaging of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain tissue could contribute to a better understanding of its pathology. Here, we present a comprehensive study of sequentially applied spectroscopic and imaging modalities on snap-frozen AD tissue.

We present the methodology for the intraoperative identification of resting state networks using RGB imaging. The results show a good correlation between the resting state and the brain areas identified by electrical brain stimulation.

An imaging device based on fluorescence for in vivo detection of oral cancer has been developed. Images collected from cancerous patients and normal volunteers have shown a clear difference in fluorescence intensity

The use of a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy probe and tracking system was successfully used in real-time for automated tissue classification in upper gastrointestinal surgery to aid resection margin assessment.

In this study in vivo optical diagnostic of skin cancer was performed using autofluorescence spectroscopy in the near infrared region to detect amelanotic melanoma among other skin cancer types.

Ultrabroadband mid-infrared Fourier spectroscopy of breath combined with supervised data analyses resulted in >95% accuracy in distinguishing healthy and prostate cancer groups. A panel of 7 revealed metabolites allowed to hypothesize their origin and transportation.

Optical scattering parameters were correlated with markers of apoptosis and proliferation in preclinical tumor models, and outperformed tumor volume and functional parameters in treatment response prediction.

Increased formation of fluorescent zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) inside erythrocytes indicates functional iron deficiency. Two-wavelength excitation spectroscopy detects ZnPP even through intact skin. Its suitability was successfully tested in women, surgical patients, infants and blood donors.

Optical properties were extracted from hyperspectral images of murine abdominal walls and segmentation was used to extract blood vessels. Biomarkers were calculated and used to differentiate between control and CHX induced peritonitis subjects.

We present a methodology for PpIX parameters estimation based on multi-wavelength excitation. This method aims to distinguish healthy tissues from tumour margins. It reduces the absolute estimation error of low density margins by 39.9%.

Based on CARS-SHG spectroscopy biomolecular fingerprints of lipids/proteins were distinguished in isolated adult cardiomyocytes of α-Gal-A-Knockout and wild-type mice opening new prospects for diagnostic of cardiac manifestations of Morbus Fabry.

Tissue biomolecular and microstructure profiles for optical colorectal cancer delineation suggest mucosa and tumors can be differentiated mainly based on lipid, water, tissue scattering properties and microvascular parameters.

We present an update on a clinical study on 200 stroke patients where hybrid diffuse optics is used to monitor microvascular cerebral hemodynamics and derived parameters during postural changes twenty-four hours after stroke onset.

Multiwavelength Stokes polarimetry imaging is used for screening fixed bulk mouse brain tissue blocks at different stages of Alzheimer’s disease, providing statistically significant difference sufficient for quantitative analysis of brain tissue.

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) has been adapted for long-term neurointensive care monitoring of cerebral microcirculation at two sites. The invasive probe was successfully used in a 10-day recording in one patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

A multipurpose integrated preclinical device that combines Blood-Brain Barrier permeabilization, Photo-Thermal Therapy (PTT) with photoacoustic thermometry, was developed as a novel preclinical versatile research instrument for the development of new PTT for Glioblastoma multiforme.

Understanding of acute respiratory pathology is critically important. We assess dynamics of cerebral cortex blood flow and tissue changes at the pathology in rats. Rapid blood flow centralization and irreversible brain tissue lesions are observed

We use a wide field imaging Mueller polarimeter to visualize the fiber tracts of healthy brain in the retardance maps for the detection of tumor borders. The results of ex-vivo polarimetric studies of thick sections of brain tissue are presented.

The present study aims at utilizing holographic projection to reconstruct 3D information of brain tumor progression. The holograms were calculated using an adaptive iterative Fourier transform algorithm and projected using a spatial light modulator.

We show a portable third and second harmonic generation microscope in the clinic generating 3D real-time high resolution images of fresh lung tumor tissue providing immediate pathological feedback for clinicians potentially reducing endoscopy/operation time.

We propose a method for quantitative assessment of pain, by analyzing hemodynamic patterns with a non-invasive sensor measuring the dynamic light scattering from the skin. The results corresponded to changes in pain reported by subjects.

New Mueller matrix-based embossed depolarization mapping is developed to assess quantitatively morphological biotissues abnormalities in 3D. Typical results demonstrating polarization property variations for cardiac and liver tissues are presented.

Multicontrast nonlinear microscopy with SHG and THG were used to image normal and cancerous human colon histology samples, and texture analysis was applied to investigate the changes in collagen structure occurring during carcinogenesis.

A combined Photoacoustic Remote Sensing (PARS^™) microscope and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) system is used to capture label-free wide-field high-resolution three-dimensional visualizations of nuclear morphology in unprocessed resected tissues.

The results on application of femtosecond laser pulses for microsurgery of mammalian embryos at various stages of preimplantation development are reported. Novel techniques of laser-based embryo marking and controlled laser-assisted embryo hatching are discussed.

The gastric biopsies were measured with a Mueller microscope. The clustering algorithm was applied for the analysis of multi-dimensional data and image segmentation. The increase in contrast highlights tissue microstructure for tissue diagnostics.

We present the HEMOCOVID-19 study spanning four countries and eight hospitals where near-infrared spectroscopy is utilized to evaluate microvascular and endothelial health of severe COVID-19 patients at the intensive care.

Tumor discrimination from healthy tissue is often performed by haptically probing tissue elasticity. We demonstrate non-contact elastography using air-puff excitation and tissue indentation measurement by phase-sensitive OCT with a 3.2 MHz FDML-laser

The VASCOVID project aims to develop an hybrid diffuse optical device with a vascular occlusion protocol for evaluating endothelial and microvascular health in severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.

We demonstrate novel principles relating biomolecular binding on the surface of dielectric nanostructures to phase differences between two modes in miniaturized optical setups and show the challenging detection of small infection-biomarkers at clinically relevant concentrations.

SPR method was applied for studding the herpes simplex virus replication kinetic in human cells and the inhibitory effect of acyclovir. The obtained results were compared with classical endpoint and quantification techniques

We implement a new adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope detection path revealing human retinal ganglions with contrast and acquisition time suitable for clinical diagnosis obtaining similar results to what was previously achieved on monkeys.

As reported previously, OCT sources emit short infrared pulses that may be seen due to two-photon vision. In this work, we quantified visibility of OCT sources, which may be beneficial for eye imaging system designers.

A 1.6 MHz Fourier-domain mode-locked (FDML) optical coherence tomography (OCT) was adapted to an OR-Microscope for clinical application in neurosurgery. 3D-volume scans at video rate are envisaged with approximately 50μm lateral and 20μm axial resolution

We propose an optical, thermal, and acoustic (OTA) based portable and cost-effective diagnostic tool (updated Hybrid Spectral-IRDx) to delineate adjacent normal from cancerous tissue during cancer margin assessment to ensure cancer resection.

OCT can monitor the tumor vascular response to stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We find correlations between OCT microvascular metrics and MRI angiography macrovascular metrics, supporting the use of MRI in SBRT treatment response monitoring.

We assess the muscular fatigue during sustained exercises with both sEMG and TD-NIRS. We found that during the “slow” phase of TD-NIRS signal, the best fatigue biomarkers are: MF, O₂Hb, HHb and SO₂.

The measurement of the optical and morphological properties of the human crystalline lens is very demanding due to its position inside the eye. In this work are presented preliminary results of a pilot study developed to compute the crystalline lens curvature and thickness from images obtained with a slit-scanning system. The system was applied to 2 different eyes and the first results are promising

We present the results of combined fluorescence and optoacoustic monitoring of tumor treatment using novel photoactivatable multi-inhibitor liposomes with BPD and Irinotecan providing a synergetic effect of PDT and chemotherapeutic impact.

We report on the comparative analysis of the effect of photodynamic therapy performed with red or/and blue light on a tumor model in animals. Results of optical monitoring are in agreement with visual observations and histology studies.

This study demonstrates a method to extend diagnostic depth in 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic diagnosis for bladder cancer by a prototype cystoscope system with green light source to excite a photosensitizer in a deep tissue.

The Escherichia coli biofilms were destroyed with a novel MSN that has Chlorin e6 and Indocyanine Green in its structure upon irradiation with a dual laser system that emits 655-nm and 808-nm of wavelengths simultaneously.

Employment of chlorin-based photosensitizers featuring two peaks in absorption spectrum as drugs for photodynamic therapy allows for dual-wavelength fluorescence imaging providing estimation of photosensitizer localization depth.

Losses in treatment light transmission during interstitial PDT were found to correlate with T1 hyperintensity in post-therapeutic non-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. This finding might be related to iPDT-induced early formation of methemoglobin.

Combined fingerprint and high wavenumber spatially offset Raman spectroscopy was implemented for depth-dependent biochemical characterization. Quantitative spectral analysis of water and other components was conducted in layered optical phantoms.

We propose a new method for therapeutic drug monitoring using Raman spectroscopy to quantify the concentration of analytes during droplet evaporation. The proposed method is demonstrated for quantitative measurement of methotrexate down to 0.5 mM

We investigate spatially offset Raman spectroscopy’s varying sensitivity to subsurface bone features in different regions of human cadaver hands and in subjects with different body mass index values.

Light microscopes don’t have the ability to identify silicone (PDMS) particles from implants in histological slides. We describe a label-free method based on stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to locate and identify silicone in breast tissue.

In this work, we propose new Lab-on-Fiber SERS optrodes, realized directly on the optical fiber tip with different SERS active substrates, to detect biological targets of different sizes (bovine serum albumin and red blood cells membrane).

Spectral reflectance of the eye fundus was evaluated in adult healthy patients through a fast visible and near-infrared multispectral fundus camera. Spectral signatures were analyzed for different ocular structures of the retina and the choroid.

We present the viability of Raman spectroscopic approach for detection and determination of tattoo ink pigments, and the use of polymer optical skin tissue phantoms as possible tools for regulatory agencies.

In this work, we studied the individual variability of parameters measured by fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy simultaneously with the recording of blood tissue perfusion through a fibre-optic probe in the skin of conditionally healthy volunteers.

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative genetic condition, whose progress we are currently unable to assess with easy, non-invasive techniques. We show that Random Laser (RL) is sensitive to the effects of HD in cell cultures.

This study investigated the effect of two calibrations on physiological parameters. Pre-calibration significantly influences the scattering parameters. Post-calibration improves the fitting, leading to a better recovery of physiological parameters.

In this work, the LED applicator brightness control unit of the digital diaphanoscope was upgraded, which allows adjusting of the radiation power value in a wide range for patient’s study, considering anatomical and gender features.

In this talk we demonstrate what kind of relative alterations can be expected in average perfusion and blood flow oscillations during postural changes being measured in skin of wrists by wearable laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) sensors.

We report on a preliminary longitudinal study on 21 elderly patients to non-invasively quantify rehabilitation outcomes in skeletal muscle after bed-rest by a combined approach based on TD-NIRS (for hemodynamics) and sEMG (for myoelectric recordings).

In this paper we demonstrate results of combined measurements by diffuse reflectance and fluorescence lifetime measuring techniques for real time liver cancer differentiation using a needle optical probe.

We demonstrate a multi-modal system to obtain diverse information about biological specimen in single-shot. The quantitative analysis of MG63 osteosarcoma cells is presented which are cultured on Si substrate and stained using sodium fluorescein dye.

We report classification between normal and anemic erythrocytes by determining cell counts computationally using Circular Hough transform algorithm in matlab and quantifying phase map which are important for early diagnosis of diseases.

A precision air puff excitation system for MHz Optical Coherence Elastography in neurosurgery was developed. It enables non-contact soft-tissue excitation down to μN, with direct, noncontact force determination via gas flow measurement.

The resolution of small commercial fiber-optic based ophthalmic endoscopes is severely limited by the size of the incision and the employed trocar. Therefore, this study presents a new endoscope that features a CMOS camera at the distal end of the endoscope and thus in the patient's eye. A suitably developed RGBW LED illumination system successfully replaces the widespread xenon light sources as first images demonstrate. The diameter of this system is still larger than that of the available endoscopes, but further miniaturization is within reach.

The article presents synthesis, characterization and optical properties of nanoparticles from the intermetallic Ag₃Sn compound and the potential possibilities for their use to enhance the luminescence of organic compounds.

Machine learning models can detect colorectal cancer with 93.5% sensitivity and 94.0% specificity based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) of superficial tissues. Extended DRS wavelength ranges improve differentiation between cancer and mucosa.

Optimizing support vector machine models for colorectal cancer detection using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy at extended wavelength ranges and tissue layers up to 2mm deep achieved 96.1% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity on tissue classification.

We present a multispectral endoscope using visible and near infrared illumination that can be easily adapted to flexible endoscopes. The results show that this device could be used for semi-quantitative detection of pathological tissues.

Permanent skin tattoos have been part of standard care for breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. We recently commissioned a commercial 3D optical surface imaging system to be potentially used for surface-guided breast radiation therapy.

The results of studies of the enamel of teeth with periodontitis using the Raman spectroscopy method are presented in the work. The criteria for noninvasive diagnosing of periodontitis were developed. It is shown that this method allows noninvasive rapid assessment of periodontitis on the base of change of tooth enamel spectral properties.

The results of expanded spectral analysis of donor dentin materials with the use of Raman spectroscopy method are presented in the work. The mathematical methods of improving the resolution of spectral contours and the chemometric analysis were used for estimation of the component composition of dentin materials during their demineralization.

The report describes the synthesis of core-shell noble metal anisotropic nanoparticles modified with cyanine-class fluorophores and stilbene-based Raman reporters. In perspective, it may be used for optical diagnostics and therapeutic hyperthermia.

A two-layer GPU-accelerated inverse adding-doubling algorithm was applied to hyperspectral images of a forearm to extract skin optical properties before, during, and after a cuff-test. Calculated and measured skin reflectance show great agreement.

Microfluidics technology holds a great promise in evaluating the biofilm growth and the effectiveness of real-time cleaning. We have developed a microfluidic-assisted optical system to evaluate the cleaning effect of bacteria using lasers.

We describe field-portable GRIN lens based micro-endoscope with oblique-illumination for cancer screening. Fluorescence microscopic images of different samples were recorded with micro-endoscope which provides molecular information about the sample.

Anticancer photodynamic action was enhanced with the novel design of MSNs which contains 2 different photosensitizers (Ce6 and ICG) against PC3 prostate cancer cells upon irradiation simultaneously by 655 and 808-nm diode lasers.

We evaluate the thermal effects generated with a novel fiber optic probe intended for thermal therapy. The laser diode-pumped probe incorporates polymer composites allowing to generate highly localized heat and obtain temperature measurements simultaneously.

Infrared lasers can thermally seal vascular tissues. Optical transmission was correlated with blood vessel burst pressures after sealing. Successful seals recorded an optical transmission decrease of 56±25% versus 31±24% for failed seals (p0.05)

FFT analysis on mosaic SHG images of basal cell carcinoma skin sections of different subtypes is presented. This analysis combined with two-photon auto-fluorescence imaging might be useful for assessment of tumor borders.