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Although VCSELs are intrinsically single-longitudinal mode devices, they usually show complex polarization characteristics. Most VCSEL are not designed to emit in a single polarization state. There is typically no control about the polarization angle. The light emitted by the VCSEL is typically linearly polarized along one of two orthogonal directions and abrupt polarization switching can be observed when temperature or bias current is changed. In this work we show a method of measuring spatially resolved polarization characteristics of VCSELs. This is achieved using a combination of polarization filtered microscope optics and a CMOS camera.
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F. Münchow, K. S. Iyer, B. Eder, E. Paul, S. Grabher, M. Mangstl, "Spatially-resolved polarization characterization of VCSEL arrays," Proc. SPIE 12020, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XXVI, 120200L (2 March 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2609521