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The Ocean plays a critical role in our everyday life and in the future of our planet. Recently, there has been a growing interest in Underwater Acoustic (UWA) sensor networks for a wide range of collaborative applications.In order to allow these applications, the aspects of physical phenomena affecting acoustic channel and restricting the range and bandwidth for the reliable communications cannot be neglected. Our paper discusses about a high level channel model based on Markov Chain approach for the underwater environment. Finite State Markov Model is developed for Packet Error Rate (PER) evaluation in an underwater channel, using the concept of error trace analysis.
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Floriano De Rango, Fiore Veltri, Mauro Tropea, "An acoustic model for underwater communications based on Markov chain approach," Proc. SPIE 12118, Ocean Sensing and Monitoring XIV, 1211807 (30 May 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2623252