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For the problem of the detection and tracking about multiple maneuvering fluctuating weak targets in radar systems, a track-before-detect algorithm based on interactive multi-model multi-Bernoulli filtering (IMM-MBTBD) is proposed. In a track-before-detect algorithm, the squared modulus likelihood ratio (SLR) is usually utilized to match the possible trajectories of targets. In this method, however, only the amplitude information is considered and the phase information is ignored, which leads to a decrease in filter performance. In this paper, we use the complex likelihood ratio (CLR) instead of the SLR in the IMM-MB-TBD and preserve the spatial coherence of the phase to realize the detection and tracking about multiple amplitude fluctuation targets with the Swerling 0,1, and 3 fluctuations. Furthermore, in order to accommodate to the situation where the prior information of target births is unknown and overcome the difficulty of detecting a weaker target and a stronger target at the same time when the targets fluctuate, an adaptive birth algorithm based on measurement likelihood ratio is proposed. Simulation results show that at low signal-to-noise ratio, the proposed IMM-MBTBD algorithm provides better performance in estimating of the state and number of targets.
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