This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12193, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee listings.

This article explores the possibility of improving the detection of spatial anisotropy and visualization of weak wave aberrations when the lens is supplemented with a diffractive axicon. Fresnel transforms are used to simulate the formation of intensity distributions at different distances from the input plane. The results of numerical simulation of diffraction by a composite element (lens and axicon) under illumination by an aberrated wavefront are presented. A significant increase in the efficiency of visualization of weak wave aberrations is shown when using the proposed method based on the deviation of the intensity pattern for an aberrated and ideal wavefront.

In this paper, we consider the reflection of a vector polarized vortex beam from the boundaries of flat inhomogeneous anisotropic layers at oblique incidence. Fourier transforms are used to represent a light beam as a set of plane waves with different directions of wave vectors and amplitudes of projections of the electric field strength vector. Using the boundary conditions for an obliquely incident plane wave in an arbitrarily oriented plane, the light reflection and transmission matrices for plane waves are obtained. The coefficients of the reflection matrices depend on the direction of the wave vector of each incident plane light wave, and are also determined by the optical properties of the medium. The reflected light beam is considered as a collection of reflected plane waves. The structure and polarization of the reflected light beam are calculated using the inverse Fourier transform.

Chalcogenide glass of the system Ge-Sb-Ga-Se doped with Tb³⁺ and Dy³⁺ has been characterized near the fundamental absorption band edge by using the results of transmittance and reflectance measurements in the near-IR spectral range.

The paper considers a model of adiabatic waveguide modes in the zero approximation applied to the numerical solution of the problem of single-mode propagation of guided modes in a smoothly irregular integrated optical waveguide. Within the framework of the model, the solution to the Maxwell system of equations is reduced to a form that is expressed through the solution of a system of four ordinary differential equations and two algebraic equations for six components of the electromagnetic field. The multilayer structure of waveguides makes it possible to carry out one more stage of reducing the system of equations of the model to a homogeneous system of linear algebraic equations, the condition of nontrivial solvability of which specifies the dispersion equation. Auxiliary eigenvalue and eigenvector problems for describing adiabatic waveguide modes are solved. Example solutions for single-mode propagation of adiabatic waves are presented.

The theoretical results on the study of the evolution of electromagnetically induced transparency probe pulses with frequency modulation on the input surface of the active medium and possible frequency modulation of the control field are presented. It was shown that the presence of a sufficiently large frequency modulation of the input probe pulse (an instantaneous frequency offset of the order of an inhomogeneous line width resonant with the probe field) does not lead to the mode structure destruction of this field inside the active medium. At the same time, the transparency of the medium for the probe field is noticeably reduced, but it remains quite large. With frequency modulation of the control radiation, the mode regime of the probe field propagation is realized at least as long as the deviation of the frequency of the control field is less than half the width of the line of the probe quantum transition. However, the transparency of the medium for the probe field decreases in comparison with the case of the absence of frequency modulation. The analysis is carried out for the Ʌ-scheme of inhomogeneously broadened quantum transitions between the ³P₀, ³P⁰₁ and ³P₂ levels of the ²⁰⁸Pb isotope.

The photoinduced periodic susceptibility formed in various isotropic media is promising in future for possible practical applications in different areas of laser physics and photonics, in particular, for creation of the small-scale converters of light signals. The basic tasks of the investigations are to receive the samples not only with high efficiencies of the radiations conversions inside the inserted periodical susceptibility, but also with a long lifetime and stability to various kinds of influences. In this work we present the results of the investigations of the external red-light action on photoinduced susceptibility. The decay of the susceptibility under the action of the various intensities of red-light illumination is observed and the optimal conditions for sufficiently longtime stability are discussed.

A new rigorous model for calculating Casimir-Lifshitz forces for thin dielectric or conductive filaments based on the Lorentz force is proposed. We use the formulas of G.T. Markov and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The only approximation used is the small ratio of the radii to the distance between the threads, which allowed the transverse structure of the fields in the threads to be considered constant. The results are obtained for metallic and dielectric filaments, as well as for carbon nanotubes.

The mid-IR spectroscopy provides a universal tool for the real-time remote monitoring of various molecular species. In this study, we apply the wave optics based approach to analyze the functionality of spectroscopic sensors with sensing elements based on tapered multimode chalcogenide fibers. By using the method of local modes, the sensing elements transmittance, sensitivity and detection limit have been calculated. These characteristics are shown to depend on the longitudinal profile of the taper diameter, linear or exponential in our case. The ratio of the taper length to the power attenuation length of a local mode is a key parameter for sensitivity optimization. The detection limit of the spectroscopic measurements can be significantly reduced by delivering radiation in the higher-order local modes of the taper.

Plasmon biosensors, platforms for the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and for surface enhancement of fluorescent signals, and other devices operating on the basis of planar plasmon structures have been actively studied and developed in recent years. The next step in the development of such systems may be the utilization of structures optimized for the broadband SPP excitation. This could lead to device dimension reduction and improvement of performance. In this paper, we present a simple model for calculating the spectral response of the planar structure in the Kretschmann configuration in the case of incidence of a polychromatic plane wave. We obtain the attenuated total reflectance spectra of the plasmon structures and demonstrate the broadband surface plasmon polaritons resonance in a wide spectral region from the visible to the middle infrared wavelengths. The results of the present work can be useful in the design of sensors and plasmon spectroscopy devices.

To analyze the terahertz (THz) wave generation by the mid-infrared (MIR) frequency nondegenerate parametric downconversion (NPDC) process in graphene nanoribbon arrays (GNAs) the nonlinear simulations using the perturbation method for solving the nonlinear diffraction problems were performed. First, we find the resonant frequencies of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) modes in GNAs using the calculated multimode linear absorption spectra of incident waves with s-, p-polarization. Then we select the graphene ribbon sizes to satisfy the excitation condition of the SPP modes in the MIR frequency range. We choose the frequencies of pump and signal waves equal to resonant frequencies of the fundamental and high order SPP modes of GNA, respectively. It is shown that the efficiency of the THz wave generation via frequency NPDC of MIR to THz by nonlinear graphene arrays increases by several orders of magnitude when the frequency of signal and pump waves are close to the resonant SPP mode frequencies.

Sandwich-like composite on the base of graphene and Co₃O₄ nanocubes is a prospect material for electrodes of chemical sources of current. The total capacitance of this material is mainly contributed by quantum capacitance that depends on a change of Fermi level during charge/recharge cycles. The main goal of this paper is to calculate the dependence of Co₃O₄@graphene’s quantum capacitance on mass ratio of its components. The obtained results can be applied in the design of modern supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries.

Complex resonator with thin hyperbolic media inside is investigated in the way of developing theory of THz laser. The eigen waves of the cavity contains asymmetrical hyperbolic medium (AHM) based on graphene-semiconductor multilayer structure with optics axis tilted with respect to outer boundary have been calculated. To find optimal conditions for efficient THz lasing the optimal parameters of the cavity and AHM were estimated.

Some new unusual physical phenomena and effects associated with dielectric mesoscale particles with Mie size parameter near 10 were studied and have been discovered during the last decade. There are: photonic nanojets; terajets as in transmission as in reflection modes; structured fields in the form of photonic hooks and loops; optical nanovortices, effects of anomalous apodization; high-order Fano resonances; effects associated with the generation of giant magnetic and acoustic fields, effects of overcoming the diffraction limit, anomalous Gouy phase shift, flat focusing mirrors, anapoles and others. This brief review presents the authors’ approach to these problems.

A beam of single-layer carbon nanotubes (CNTs) subjected to a shock load in the transverse direction was studied using a chain model with a reduced number of degrees of freedom. The compression shock wave is initiated by a piston moving at a constant speed. Two different scenarios of shock wave propagation and their influence on the structure of the CNT beam depending on the piston velocity were found. At lower speeds, only a faster wave front propagates, which leads to elliptization of the CNT, whereas at higher speeds this is accompanied by a slower wave front of collapse. The evolution of the CNT beam structure in time during compression is studied in detail. The energy absorption rate is estimated as a function of the piston velocity. The results obtained can be useful in the development of new types of elastic shock absorbers.

The creation of van der Waals heterostructures with tunable properties from various combinations of modern 2D materials is one of the promising tasks of nanoelectronics, focused on improving the parameters of electronic nanodevices. This paper is devoted to the theoretical prediction of new configuration of van der Waals heterostructures based on semiconductor 2D materials - blue phosphorus and zinc oxide. Using ab initio methods, we theoretically predict the existence of new three-layer van der Waals zinc oxide/blue phosphorus/zinc oxide (ZnO/BlueP/ZnO) heterostructure with AAA, ABA, ABC layer packing types. It is found that AAA-, ABA-, and ABC-stacked ZnO/BlueP/ZnO heterostructures are semiconductors with a gap of about 0.7 eV. The dynamic conductivity spectra are calculated in the wavelength range of 200–2000 nm. On the basis of the calculation results, the regularities of the formation of the profile the dynamic conductivity spectrum of the ZnO/BlueP/ZnO heterostructure under study are revealed.

Ongoing active development of modern radiofrequency electronic devices operating in the millimeter (V) band, such as 5th-generation wireless communications demands new materials to control electromagnetic interference, compatibility and reliability of such systems. Here we present a follow-up of studies on antireflective and absorptive micrometer-thick film coatings for operation in V-band using simultaneous magnetron co-deposition of silicon and aluminum. In this system graded segregation was observed under certain regimes, resulting in a depth gradient of aluminum content. Further investigations on the morphology of the obtained films were performed. Inhibition of electromagnetic waves reflection in 50-70 GHz range by up to 27 dB (at least 10 dB throughout the whole range) was achieved through variation of Al content in coatings by the ratio of sputtered atoms fluxes. Surface morphology of films as well as optical properties of those in visible and near IR bands were investigated. It was found that electrophysical properties of resulting samples are severely influenced by the amount and homogeneity of aluminum distribution in the coating. Optical spectroscopy suggests that variation of aluminum content in the film allows for control over resulting film material kind that can be adjusted from dielectric through semiconductive to almost metal-like. Non-homogeneous aluminum distribution in the depth of the film, particularly existence of a two-layered semiconductive optical structure in samples prepared at particular deposition regime was confirmed by measuring optical reflection spectra from the coating side and in reverse. Segregation of aluminum towards the surface of the film in course of silicon recrystallization was confirmed by AFM and surface roughness measurements.

A package mode of laser operation is considered, when packets of several picosecond pulses follow with a lag of each other of nanoseconds order (high-frequency pulsation mode). In this mode removal of matter from the treated surface generates a pulsed reactive force. This force creates a high-pressure region in the laser-matter interaction zone, causing plastic deformations in metals or destruction of brittle materials both inside this area and outside it. In order to minimize the negative effect of the processing mode, an analytical tool has been developed for the deliberate choice of parameters of laser action on brittle and pseudo-brittle materials. In the proposed mathematical model, the study of the stress-strained state of the plate is reduced to determining the deflection of its median plane by solving the dynamic problem of the theory of elasticity. Analysis of the expression for the deflection showed that with the considered nature of the action of laser radiation, a complex high-frequency oscillatory motion arises in the plate. It represents the result of the superposition of natural and forced oscillations. When choosing the technological modes of laser processing during the formation of pulse packets, the multiplicity of the repetition rates of the packets and their constituent pulses should be avoided in order to prevent a destructive shock resonance. The paper shows the application of the developed model to the calculation of the modes of laser processing of glassy carbon and molybdenum when creating micropoint structures.

Currently, methods of laser micromachining of various kinds of microsized structures are actively developed by scientists and engineers in a variety of fields. Particularly, laser micromachining allows for selective ablation of thin metal films on dielectric substrates in order to create planar conductive structures with rather complex patterns. Meander-like structures on dielectric substrates can serve as a slow-wave structure in perspective compact millimeter band vacuum electronic devices such as traveling-wave tubes. Thus, the aim of this work was to prepare conductive planar structures from thin metal coatings based on a copper-molybdenum alloy. Copper-molybdenum thin films were deposited onto dielectric substrates by magnetron co-sputtering. Then the coatings were micromachined using a nanosecond pulsed laser to form a series of planar structures in the shape of strips of varied width. Deposited coppermolybdenum thin films after laser micromachining suffer from lack of adhesion to the substrates. Possible way to overcome this issue is use of an adhesion sublayer such as titanium or chromium.

Using artificial materials such as electromagnetic bandgap structures can be one of the promising ways to improve the efficiency of compact miniaturized vacuum electronic devices such as millimeter-band traveling-wave tubes with 2D planar microstrip slow-wave structures on dielectric substrates. Precision micromachining of the microsized elements of the electromagnetic bandgap structures is challenging. Here we proposed and studied an approach for microfabrication of the electromagnetic bandgap structure with microsized patterns by pulsed laser ablation. The obtained results of the morphology studies by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy show that the proposed approach allows fabricating of the microsized pattern with suitable tolerance. Also, we showed several results of numerical simulations of the electromagnetic parameters of the meander-line slow-wave structure on a dielectric substrate with an incorporated electromagnetic bandgap structure.

Laser interferometry for measuring micromovements of the eyeball has been investigated. A technique for processing an interference signal is proposed, which makes it possible to obtain graphs of the speed and acceleration of the eyeball through the closed eyelid. The unknown motion parameters are found from the frequency of the interference signal of the self-mixing laser system as a result of the windowed Fourier transform. The RLD78NZM5 module was used as a source of laser radiation. Experimental measurements were carried out to determine the parameters of eye movement on volunteers at the age of 20 years. For the first volunteer in a calm state, the velocities of the eyeball movement were in the range of up to 800 μm/s, and the accelerations were in the range of ±20 μm/s². For the second volunteer in a calm state, the velocities of the movement of the eyeball were in the range of up to 1300 μm/s, and the accelerations were in the range of up to 40 μm/s². The speed and acceleration of eyeball movements of the volunteers at rest had the lowest values. These parameters increased with eye movement. When the eye moved to the left and to the right, the speed of the eyeball movement of the first volunteer was higher than when the eye moved up and down. On the contrary, when the eye moved to the left and to the right, the velocities of the eyeball movement of the second volunteer were less than when the eye moved up and down. In addition, the analysis of the movement of the eyeball can be carried out even in its closed state. It has been shown that the physiological state of the somebody can influence the nature of eye movement. This influence can be used to assess the psychoemotional state and diagnose various pathologies of the oculomotor apparatus of the human body.

Crowdion as one of types of an interstitial mobile defect propagating in close-packed crystallographic directions can play an important role in relaxation processes occurring in bcc lattices of tungsten in nonequilibrium conditions. The crowdions is an effectively transport of mass and energy in the metal. Tungsten is considered one of the best options as a plasma-oriented material which can be exposed to ion irradiation in nuclear reactors. Recently dynamics of crowdions has been extensively studied for different types of lattices and dimensions. However, the point of energy exchange between crowdions has not been considered earlier. The paper presents an analysis of energy exchange in a complex of crowdions located in neighboring closely packed atomic row. Obtained results reveal that closely located crowdions can intensively transfer energy from one to another thus affecting the dynamics and scenario of defect structure evolution in the crystal. It is known that irradiation of tungsten can lead to microstructural changes, such as bubbles, pores and another types of defects. Moreover, the metal constantly at these conditions are heated up to extremely high temperature. Apparently, the crowdions play an important role in the formation of different defects inside the tungsten. And aim of this work is a numerically analysis of features of the crowdion in this highly heated metal bcc lattice.

Composition, structure and microhardness of steel samples after induction nitriding were studied in the work. As a result of high-temperature nitriding, saturation of R6M5 steel with nitrogen was observed as its content in the surface layer changed from 4.19 to 7.3 at.%. The maximum surface microhardness of the samples was 1950±70 HV0.98. The possibility of the formation of strengthened diffusion layers up to 200 μm deep and having microhardness up to 1500±50 HV0.98 on R6M5 steel was established. The parameters of the depth of the diffusion layer and microhardness depended on the heating temperature of the specimens and the processing duration in the course of induction nitriding.

The creation of new light elements for different microscopy tasks remains actual at present since there are the problems with obtaining of the micro- and nano-scale light sources for investigations of various small objects with high spatial resolution and also for coherent real-time control during the processes of the formations of the high-ordered molecular and atomic systems. In this paper the investigations of the frequency conversion with signal generation of the green light on the micro-scale lattices integrated in the volumetric isotropic mediums are presented. The possibilities for creating of the prolonged microlattices uniformly distributed in volumetric mediums are discussed. The properties of the growing anisotropy in some effective multi-component matrixes are considered and the potential influence of the different elements is compared.

Applications of Kähler manifolds to the temporal dynamics of multilevel quantum systems in external fields are considered. It is shown by using the representation of coherent states (CS), the temporal evolution of the state vector is reduced to the “classical” dynamics of the complex parameters of the CS taking values in the coset space of the dynamical group of the Hamiltonian.

In this paper, we investigated the entanglement dynamics between two dipole-coupled qubits not-resonantly interacting with a thermal one-mode field of lossless cavity with Kerr media. We obtained the exact solution for time-dependent density matrix and calculated on its basis the qubit-qubit entanglement parameter – negativity. The results show that Kerr nonlinearity greatly affected the entanglement behavior. More interestingly, that for initial entangled qubits states Kerr media avoids the entanglement sudden death effect.

In this paper, we investigated the entanglement dynamics between two two-level natural or artificial atoms interacting with a thermal one-mode field of lossless cavity taking into account the direct dipole-dipole and Ising coupling. We obtained the exact solution for time-dependent density matrix and calculated atom-atom negativity. The results showed that for dipole-uncoupled atoms and resonant atoms-field interaction the entanglement greatly enhances with Ising coupling increasing. In contrast, for model with non-zero detuning the Ising coupling has almost no effect on the degree of entanglement. We also derived that for resonant interaction and dipole-coupled atoms the anti-Ferromagnetic coupling produces a slightly higher degree of entanglement in comparison with the Ferromagnetic coupling. For entangled initial atomic states we obtained that Ising coupling interaction has effect on entanglement behavior only for a model with large detuning values.

The effect of a donor methyl groups in the structure of 6,6′-bis(di(3,5-R-phenylphosphinoyl)-2,2′-bipyridyl R = H or Me on the stability constants of lanthanum complexes was studied. Regardless of the presence of a donor substituent in phosphine oxide moiety, the stoichiometry of the complex with lanthanum was 1:1 metal to ligand. The values of the stability constant of the complexes were obtained. The insertion of methyl groups lead to increase in stability of the corresponding complexes with lanthanum which correlates well with enhance in extraction ability of the corresponding compounds towards europium.

Vibrational IR spectrum in the area (900-4000 cm^-1) and Raman spectrum in the area (600-1900 cm^-1) of cold-pressed cottonseed oil were recorded. Structural and dynamic models of fatty acids, including linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic acids and their triglycerides as well as gossypol molecules, were calculated using the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d) method. Theoretical IR and Raman spectra of cottonseed oil are constructed and the experimental spectra are interpreted in detail. The application of vibrational spectroscopy for percentage determination of gossypol content in cottonseed oil is discussed.

In interpreting the reactions of low-temperature fusion of nuclei, the conclusion about the possibility of the appearance on hadronic scales of electron pairs ((ee)-pairs) connected by contact (non-potential) interaction is of decisive importance. Before the development of hadronic mechanics, such a possibility could not be taken into account within the framework of quantum mechanics. There are reasons to consider such pairs to be massive and stable. The presence of (ee) - pairs in the internuclear space ensures the convergence of nuclei at the critical distances R_c ∼ 10^-13 m, necessary for the start of fusion. Attention is drawn to the simplicity of registration of (ee)-pairs by changing the spectra of characteristic X-ray radiation of atoms. A qualitative explanation of the reason for the lack of registration of Υ-radiation is given. It is noted that the use of metals saturated with hydrogen in the synthesis of the lightest elements is also associated with the formation of (ee)-pairs. Attention is focused on the fact that confirmation of the existence of (ee)-pairs opens up broad prospects for the study of a new state of matter.

Earlier, a model of an intermediate quasimolecular state (IQS) was proposed, aimed at finding an electronic configuration that would allow the approach of nuclei to a critical distance sufficient for the start of low-temperature nuclear fusion. Рairs of electrons (with zero spins) were located in the same circular orbit. The size of a pair of about 1F = 10⁻¹⁵ m is due to the contact interaction of electrons exceeding the Coulomb repulsion. It was shown that a critical approach is achieved even when the mass of a pair is equal to twice the mass of a free electron. The condition for localization of a pair on a hadron scale allows one to associate a pair with an energy of about 400 MeV. Therefore, in a realistic IQS model, pairing of no more than a fifth of the electrons is required. The observed synthesis of elements then obtains a completely natural explanation, which is close in essence to muon catalysis. The variants of synthesis when melting a metal with electron beams, or when exploding wires and foils when passing electric current pulses, are naturally considered in the scheme of binary reactions. Moreover, the synthesis is realized as an exothermic reaction and for the selection of the initial isotope with a charge number > 26 in the region of a monotonic decrease in the dependence of the specific binding energy on the mass number. Experiments on the melting of metals with one stable isotope are proposed. The results are discussed.

In the bcc W, the simulation of oscillations was carried out according to the patterns of nonlinear delocalized vibrational modes - exact solutions of the equations of motion of atoms, the geometry of which is determined by the symmetry of the lattice. Two-dimensional cases of vibrations in one of the close-packed planes and three-dimensional cases, where the motions of atoms have three components in space, were considered. The amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) of these modes were calculated for several interatomic potentials available in the LAMMPS library.

The parameters of the Morse potential function for Vit105 Zr-based metallic glass are determined and its applicability for a multicomponent alloys is estimated. It is shown that the selected potential parameters make it possible to obtain an amorphous structure on a two-dimensional lattice and conduct basic research on it.

In the previous studies, the integration of optical spectroscopy methods was investigated in order to increase the accuracy of the solution obtained by machine learning methods. The joint use of Raman spectroscopy and optical absorption spectroscopy to determine the concentration of heavy metal ions in water by artificial neural networks was considered. Direct training of neural networks on the data of both types of spectroscopy did not allow us to improve the result in comparison with the individual use of absorption spectroscopy data. In this study, we consider the adaptation of transfer learning approach to the integration of optical spectroscopy methods, which consists in initial training of the neural networks on the data of only the weaker method (Raman spectroscopy), followed by additional training on the data of two methods (Raman and absorption spectroscopy).

The vibrational spectra of proline tautomers Pro1 and Pro2 in harmonic and anharmonic approximations were calculated. The energies of the optimized states of Pro1 and Pro2 differ by 12.5 kcal/mol. The calculated spectra of the Pro tautomers are compared with the experimental IR and Raman spectra of the Pro measured in the solid phase. The calculated total vibrational IR and Raman spectra of Pro1 and Pro2 are in good agreement with the experimental spectra of Pro, which confirms the prototropic tautomerism of Pro in the solid phase.