X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) is a non-destructive, three-dimensional imaging modality which provides higher contrast in soft tissue than absorption-based CT, and allows one to cover the cytoarchitecture from the centi- and millimeter scale down to the nanoscale. To further increase contrast and resolution of XPCT, for example in view of addressing connectivity issues in the central nervous system (CNS), metal staining is indispensable. However, currently used protocols, for example based on osmium and/or uranyl are less suited for XPCT, due to an excessive β/δ-ratio. Neodymium(III) acetate (NdAc) has recently been proposed as a nontoxic, non-radioactive easy to use alternative contrast agent for uranium acetate (UAc) in electron microscopy. In this work we investigate NdAc as a contrast agent for tissues of the CNS by X-ray phase-contrast tomography. Due to its vertical proximity to UAc in the periodic table, similar chemical but better suited optical properties for phase contrast can be expected. The results suggest NdAc to be an effective contrast agent by binding to negatively charged biomolecules with a uniform infiltration, high binding specificity and good reproducibility of results.
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