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The gold standard diagnosis of oral pre-cancer/cancer is an invasive biopsy followed by a histological examination, which may present psychological trauma and risk of infection to patients. Moreover, multiple biopsies are often required to monitor precancer lesions' progression. With the aim of reducing the need for multiple biopsies, this study was undertaken to identify pre-cancerous lesions using minimally invasive brush biopsy and saliva samples, analysed by Raman spectroscopy.
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