This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12603, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

Cu²⁺ can be reduced to Cu⁺ by -SH (sulfhydryl) in cysteine, then neocuproine as the chromogenic reagent reacts with Cu⁺ to form the yellow complex. At the maximum absorption wavelength, the amount of the yellow complex is directly proportional to the added amount of cysteine in a certain range. According to this principle, the content of cysteine can be determined by spectrophotometry. Thus, a method for determination of cysteine by copper(I)–neocuproine spectrophotometry is established. Under the optimal conditions, this method is used to determinate the cysteine content in food, and the determination results are basically close to the result by pharmacopoeia method. The recovery rates of standard addition are 102.4%~104.3%.

An accurate, simple, fast spectrophotometric method for the determination of sulfite in food by silicon molybdenum heteropoly acid has been established. The various effect factors on the spectrophotometric determination of sulfite by silicon molybdenum heteropoly acid are investigated in detail. Under the optimum reaction conditions, silicon molybdenum heteropoly acid [H₄Si(Mo₃O₁₀)₄] formed by SiO₃^2- and Mo₇O₂₄^6- is reduced by sulfite to form silicomolybdenum blue [H₄Si(Mo₃O₁₀)₂(Mo₃O₉)₂]. The absorbance of silicomolybdenum blue is measured at 735.8 nm, and the content of sulfite can be determined based on the absorbance of silicomolybdenum blue. This proposed method has been applied to determinate of sulfite in food, and the results are satisfactory.

Bacillus spp. were cultured in a magnetic field environment using a fluid or liquid culture medium to investigate the effect of magnetic treatment on the amount of polysaccharides secreted by Bacillus spp. Most Bacilli belong to the genus Bacillus, a general term used to describe a group of aerobic or facultative anaerobic, spore-producing gram-positive bacteria, bacteria that can produce peptides, proteins, enzymes, functional polysaccharides, and other metabolically active substances. Bacillus extracellular polysaccharides have been shown to have antioxidant properties, immune activity, and antitumor properties, and the extracellular polysaccharides metabolized by Bacillus used in this experiment can repair skin damage caused by UV light. The effects of magnetic treatment on both the growth activity and cell membrane permeability of Bacillus spp. were experimentally explored to investigate the reasons for magnetic treatment to increase the amount of extracellular polysaccharides. The results showed that the medium-intensity magnetic field could improve the growth activity of Bacillus while increasing the expression ploidy of Bacillus surface membrane proteins, enhancing membrane permeability, and increasing the production of extracellular polysaccharide metabolism.

To improve the production of Bacillus subtilis natto kinase and select the strain with high thrombolytic ability, the ultraviolet mutation breeding of Bacillus subtilis natto was studied. Four kinds of bacterial suspensions with different nitrogen sources were diluted in proportion and then put into the culture medium to select the best nitrogen source according to the concentration by observing the number of colonies. Milk-agar plate screening method and agar powder-fibrin plate method were used to select the mutagenic strains and enzyme activity. Based on ultraviolet physical mutagenesis, the strains with high enzyme activity yield were selected, and the effects of case fatality rate and positive mutation rate on them were analyzed. The results indicated that the highest positive mutation rate of 3% could be obtained by using 40 W ultraviolet lamp at a distance of 20 cm for 60 s. The highest kinase activity of the obtained high-yield strain was 534.95 U/mL, which was 11.84% higher than that of the original strain.

Saffron is a kind of medicine food homologous products with ornamental, edible, medicinal and economic value, and the identification of the origin of saffron and the determination of the content of its effective components play an important role in the evaluation of its economic value and medicinal efficacy. In this study, the content of crocin in saffron samples from different habitats was detected by UPLC technology, the color and shape features of saffron were extracted by machine vision technology, and the spectral feature variables of saffron were screened by visible-near infrared technology combined with variables; k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) model was established to identify the origin of saffron. The result shows that machine vision combined with visible-near infrared spectral variables could identify the origin of saffron, and the recognition rate of KNN model is 90.32%. Back propagation neural network (BP-ANN) was established to determine the content of crocin in saffron. The result shows that visible-near infrared spectroscopy could better predict the content of crocin in saffron. The correlation coefficient of crocin I in prediction set was 0.9883, the correlation coefficient of crocin Ⅱ in prediction set was 0.9982. The above results showed that the technology could be used to identify the origin of saffron and determine the content of crocin rapidly.

To study the effects of different rooting agents on the photosynthetic characteristics of Zelkova serrata. After the shoots of Zelkova serrata were treated with different rooting agents, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and stomatal velocity of new leaves were measured; The daily variation of each index is analyzed according to the index data. After treatment with different rooting agents, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of Zelkova serrata were basically consistent with the net photosynthetic rate, and there was an obvious "midday rest" phenomenon, and there was a double peak curve, the peak values appeared at 10 o'clock and 14 o'clock respectively. Compared with pure photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂. The daily change of concentration is opposite to the pure photosynthetic rate and presents a single peak type, and the intercellular CO₂. The concentration was lower than that of the control group, and the light leaf beech treated with ABT 1 rooting agent showed the minimum trend and low peak value. This shows that different rooting agent treatments can improve the metabolism and physiological status of Zelkova serrata, and improve its photosynthetic capacity.

In this paper, taking the medical dendrobium candidum as the research subject and by means of chemical oscillation and calorimetry, the variations and the influence of pH on the period, lifetime of oscillation were discussed by simulating body temperature, thus obtaining oscillating fingerprints which can reflect the characteristics of Chinese medicinal herbs, half-life, Δ_solS_m, Δ_solG_m, Δ_solH_m. The current study provides theoretic basis for the clinical application of dendrobium candidum.

In this study, three-channel microscopy was used to study the effect of lipid rafts disruption on LMP1 oligomerization by quantitative fluorescence resonance transfer method (E-FRET). We first verified four crosstalk and bleedthrough parameters and the system parameter G on our imaging system by ECFP-only and EYFP-only plasmids. Furtherly, two FRET-based probes associated with LMP1, were constructed to study oligomerization of oncoprotein LMP1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (CNE1). Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) was used to disrupt lipid rafts, quickly. The FRET images displayed that majority of LMP1 oligomer localized in internal perinuclear membranes of CNE1 and enhancement of LMP1 oligomerization caused by lipid rafts disruption. These findings provided some novel views for LMP1 and lipid rafts.

The polysaccharide in Pseudostellaria heterophylla (PH) were detected by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry combined with different processing methods. Different processing methods had a significant influence on the content of Polysaccharide in PH, especially the difference between evaporated prior to shade-dried products and other three samples. The sample had a large influence on the content of Polysaccharide by evaporating, and the sorting of the sample content after treatment of different processing methods is as follows: evaporated prior to shade-dried products>sun-dried products>oven dried products>shade-dried products. This study provided theoretical and practical basis for the processing and clinical application of PH.

The purpose of this study is to explore the thermal damage of microwave to atherosclerotic plaques in order to achieve the purpose of treating atherosclerosis. In this paper, a fluid-solid-heat coupling model of thermal ablation of atherosclerotic plaque is established (The coupling model of blood-plaque-electromagnetic wave is studied in this paper, in which the thermal ablation of atherosclerotic plaque means that the electromagnetic wave is used to generate heat, and the temperature of atherosclerotic plaque tissue rises. If the cells in it reach the threshold of death temperature, they will be killed, so as to achieve the purpose of thermal ablation.). The electromagnetic field and bio-thermal equation are solved and analyzed by finite element method. By calculating the temperature and thermal damage distribution of microwave on atherosclerotic plaque, the effect of microwave on thermal ablation of atherosclerotic plaque was evaluated. The results show that the thermal damage degree of atherosclerotic plaque is positively correlated with electromagnetic wave frequency, electromagnetic wave power and heating time. The model shows that electromagnetic wave hyperthermia may provide a new therapeutic mode for thermal ablation of atherosclerotic plaques.

This article studies the key technical parameters such as “short wavelength boundary,” “energy density,” “energy output uniformity,” and “pulse duration” of xenon light source equipment for therapeutic use, determines the measurement standard, and presents an applicable metrological performance evaluation method for the equipment. The evaluation procedure presented in this article has been performed on several typical types of xenon light source equipment for therapeutic use widely used in China, and the experimental results show that the evaluation method presented in this article is scientific and effective, and can be adopted for the periodic calibration of the equipment, in order to establish the metrological traceability system of the equipment.

The measurement of cell viability is critical in the biomedical field. It is currently accomplished by staining cells with various stains and then manually or with instruments such as counters counting dead or live cells. However, the cell staining step is relatively time-consuming, and the stain is toxic. The internal structure of the cells is destroyed after staining, resulting in valuable cells that cannot be reused later. We proposed a label-free cell detection algorithm based on 2D bright-field images of T-cells and deep learning in this work. When used, this method eliminates the need for staining operations on cells, and cell viability is determined directly from the detection of bright-field cell images. The method based on YOLOX deep learning analysis has an excellent detection performance on bright-field images of T-cells, and the framework achieves the mAP (mean average precision) of more than 96.31% after cell detection. Experimental results show that combining 2D cell bright-field images with deep neural networks can yield a new label-free method for cell analysis.

There are many studies on the relation between the HSV-1 virus and the Alzheimer’s disease. The HSV-1 virus is one of the most common type of virus found in the human brain. There are currently many hypothesis about the spreading of HSV-1 virus and formation of Aβ proteins in the brain, but none of the theories can completely explain the spreading of HSV-1 virus, formation of Aβ proteins. This paper is trying to find out whether signals are required by HSV-1 infected neurons to increase the amount of Aβ proteins that might cause Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Colon technology, Real-scale sponge human scale model, and human stem cell organoids are used in the experiments. The experiment is not actually conducted in this study, but based on various theories and experiments on signal transmissions, Aβ protein formations, development of Alzheimer’s disease and prediction in various paper and articles, signals send by the HSV-1 infected neurons could increase the amount of Aβ protein. Doing such study and experiment on how signals from HSV-1 virus infected neurons might cause the increase in amount of Aβ proteins might have great contributions on medicine development on Alzheimer’s disease.

Pigskin collagen was prepared by treating pigskin with ultrasound-assisted semi-bionic enzyme method, and the preparation process was optimized by response surface testing based on the single-factor results with collagen yield as the index. The optimum process was 21.0 min, 180 mL/g liquid-to-material ratio, 2.07 h pepsin digestion time, and 2.20 h pancreatic digestion time, and the collagen yield was 80.17±1.38%, which was not significantly different from the predicted value (P<0.05). The results of the study can provide new ideas for the subsequent development and utilization of pigskin.

The growth and collapse of acoustic (ultrasonic) cavitation bubbles have an important influence on the permeable properties of fluid or human tissue. The influence mechanism needs further research. The dynamic model of acoustic cavitation bubbles induced by mix frequencies was built based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The growth and collapse of acoustic cavitation were modeled and the movements of the interface were analyzed. The different radius and frequencies of acoustic cavitation bubbles were simulated. The suitable combination both low and high frequencies can enhance the ultrasonic cavitation and therefore profit permeation enhancement to human tissue.

In order to resolve the meta-analysis of related factors of premature ovarian failure, this paper proposes a computer-assisted study of risk factors and protective factors of premature ovarian failure (POF) in women, and provides a scientific basis for its etiological prevention. Through Meta analysis, it was found that the OR value and 95%CI of living environment-related factors were 4.38 for smoking, 4.28 for exposure to toxic substances, 4.17 for dieting, and 3.91 for hair dyeing. The result shows, exposure to toxic substances, smoking, poor sleep quality and eating bean products may have publication bias. To prevent POF, we should pay attention to reasonable diet, keep happy mood, avoid contact with toxic and harmful substances, treat inflammatory diseases early, and develop good living habits.

In recent years, as a newly developed discipline, precision photonics has been widely used in bio-optical imaging, nano and bio-optical materials, optical microscopy, medical beauty and rejuvenation, and other disciplines. Especially in the field of medicine and life science has played its unique role. This paper summarizes the important role of optical microscopy in human life and health, aiming at promoting the development of photonics technology, health, medicine, and life science.

GIRK channels have been involved in numerous physiological functions by regulating cellular excitability. Considering the characteristics of inward rectification, structure activity relationships of GIRK channels have been studied extensively based on the inward movements of ions. In contrast, the outward K⁺ currents based gating mechanism remains to be investigated in depth, although some drug molecules (dofetilide, cromakalim, and pinacidil etc.) exert medical effects by the current block or activation. In this study, the all-atom microsecond-scale molecular dynamics method was employed to explore the outward currents based gating mechanism of the GRK2 channels, which were modulated by different factors (Na⁺, Gβγ, and Na⁺-Gβγ). The results show that the Na⁺ and Gβγ subunits work together to activate the GIRK2 channel, in which Na⁺ predominantly regulates the G-loop gate, while Gβγ subunits mainly regulate the HBC gate. Our findings provide structural insights into the gating mechanism of GIRK channels and help to understand the pathology and pharmacodynamics mechanisms of drugs related to outflow currents.

Gastric cancer is among the most prevalent malignancies with high mortality and morbidity, so some safe and effective treatment methods, such as medications, are required. A previous study has revealed that Quercetin, a key component of traditional Chinese medicine nightshade, has anti-tumour effects on treating colon cancer by mediating the PI3K/AKT-dependent signalling pathway. This study will investigate the effects of Quercetin treatment on gastric cancer through several experiments, including measuring apoptosis by FACS for annexin V/HOECHST, cell number by MTT assay, phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT and 3 cleavages by western blot, treating SGC7901 xenograft mice with Quercetin and measuring xenograft tumour size. Materials include human cancer cell line SGC7901, Xenograft mice, different concentrations of Quercetin solution, DDP as positive control and PBS/DMSO as negative control. There are four most possible results: (1) Quercetin promotes apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo cell lines; The phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT decrease significantly, and expression of caspase 3 increases; (2) The Quercetin promotes apoptosis in vitro cell cultures; The phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT decrease significantly, and expression of caspase 3 increases; (3) The Quercetin promotes apoptosis in vitro cell cultures; (4) The Quercetin doesn’t promote any apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. The result of this research will be important information for future investigation, which should focus on extending the use of Quercetin in different cancer, the mechanism of Quercetin promoting apoptosis in cancer cells in detail, and the clinical trial of Quercetin.

As the number of patients with missing teeth increases year by year, oral health is becoming more and more important to people. Dental implants are the preferred restoration option for missing teeth. Dynamic navigation systems are essential for dental implant surgery. However, the existing dynamic navigation system has problems such as a small navigation range, inconvenient operation, and unintuitive effects. A mixed-reality navigation system for oral implant surgery based on TopoTag is proposed in this study. The corresponding experimental results demonstrate that the presented system realizes real-time, accurate, clear, and three-dimensional surgical navigation, addressing the shortcomings of existing navigation systems.

The ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) is employed widely in a variety of disinfection settings due to its quick response, small size, continuously changeable pulse width, and adjustable repetition frequency. UV-LED light can be split into continuous wave (CW) and pulsed light (PL) depending on the type of radiation it emits. The relative relationship between CW and PL radiation power and UV dose is discussed in this study, with a particular emphasis on a comparison of the inactivation efficacy of 265 nm single wavelength continuous UV and pulsed light UV on E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. The experimental findings demonstrated that the logarithmic inactivation values of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis were 1.626, 1.413, and 0.68 correspondingly when the pulsed radiation intensity of PL was 14.6 times that of CW, which was 75.6%, 66.6%, and 127% greater than CW. Furthermore, S. aureus and B. subtilis were more resistant to 265 nm UVC, with E. coli being the most sensitive.

Dental health is an important part of general health and well-being. Dental caries, periodontitis, dental trauma, and abnormality of dental development are prevalent dental diseases. Although the efficacy of current dental treatments is witnessed, consequential complications are objective. Dental tissue engineering aims to treat dental patients in a less invasive and relatively safe manner. It is entrenched in the principle that stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors could be used to create serviceable substitutes. Stem cells are inoculated in vivo or in vitro onto a biocompatible scaffold material that is initially shaped into a defective tissue-like structure, and then regulated by growth factors to form a living composite with a certain spatial configuration that functions in the defective tissue. This article elucidates the concepts and functions of the three parts in dental tissue engineering, aiming to provide empirical implications for dental researchers and clinicians alike.