This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12919, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee information.

Using visual tools to analyze and design circuits can be more concise, and can effectively reduce the difficulty of research. This paper takes digital communication QAM and the carrier recovery of QAM demodulation as an example to carry out visual design. Compared with other modulation and demodulation technologies, QAM can make full use of bandwidth. Compared with using discrete components, the platform based on FPGA and HDL can make demodulation and carrier recovery more simple and convenient. Visual platforms can reduce the difficulty of learning, teaching, and research. Visualization can further promote the guidance of theory to practice.

In the process of solving and analyzing the linear circuit, there are many methods to choose, and how to choose a certain method to solve the circuit is worthy of in-depth study. In this paper, for a specific circuit, the power equivalent transformation method, branch current method, mesh current method, node voltage method, superposition theorem and homogeneity theorem are respectively used for theoretical calculation, and then Multisim 14 software is used for simulation and calculation. Finally, the circuit is built in the laboratory to measure the physical quantities in the circuit. After a comprehensive comparison of these methods, it is considered that linear circuit analysis methods suitable for specific circuits, specific personnel and specific environments can be flexibly selected.

The overhead conductors prepared by the traditional composite overhead conductor preparation method have low strength and poor arc sag characteristics, so we propose the preparation and nondestructive inspection method for the overhead conductors with multi-core rod thermoplastic carbon fiber composites. The composition of the overhead conductor is planned and designed, and the experimental equipment is used to prepare the overhead conductor, and the static mechanical properties and apparent quality of the prepared conductor are tested. In the experiments, the proposed method was verified for the preparation effect. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the composite overhead conductor prepared by the proposed method has a smooth thermal expansion curve and excellent arc sag characteristics.

Inserting an embedding layer is an attractive solution to modulate the resistive switching performance of the memory according to the interfacial modulation effect. In this work, HfO₂-based resistive random access memory is investigated with an ultrathin embedding Al₂O₃ layer. Three sets of memories were designed by embedding the ultrathin Al₂O₃ layer at different positions in the sandwich device, taking advantage of the large forbidden band width and low Gibbs free energy of the Al₂O₃. The ultrathin Al₂O₃ layer can modulate the energy band distribution, when inserted between HfO₂ and ITO electrode, it functions to reduce the loss of oxygen ions, thereby limiting the region of oxygen vacancy conductive filament rupture. The results show that the Al/HfO₂/Al₂O₃/ITO memory has a higher resistance switching ratio and more stable endurance characteristics. Consequently, the ultrathin embedding layer dominates the resistive switching mechanism which is critical to formation and rupture of conductive filaments, and significantly to improve the endurance and uniformity of the resistive state.

Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is the hub equipment for photovoltaic power generation. Its operation has an important impact on the normal operation of the entire photovoltaic power generation system, and the reliability of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is closely related to its normal operation. The main circuit of a grid-connected inverter is composed of several switching devices, which have two kinds of failures, short circuit failure and open circuit failure. According to its characteristics, an open circuit fault diagnosis method for three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter switch devices is studied. The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter model is established using Matlab/Simulink to simulate 22 open circuit failures of IGBT, and the three-phase current waveform output on the AC side is analyzed. The extraction method of the eigenvalue ratio fault eigen is used to reduce the dimension of the eigenvalue. Then, SVM is applied to photovoltaic inverter fault diagnosis, and the superior optimization classification characteristics of SVM are used to diagnose and classify the features extracted by 22 types of IGBT open circuit faults.

A reduced method is used to select primary degree of freedom (DOF) of the printed circuit board. These nodes with primary DOF are selected as test points in the modal test to verify the accuracy of the modal numerical model. The primary elements of the printed circuit board are selected firstly based on their weighted Rayleigh quotient. Then the nodes with primary DOF are selected by the dynamic condensation method. By using this method, the error of the first 25 modal frequencies between the reduced model and the complete model is below 5% when the selected primary DOF is set to 30. Most selected DOF are z direction, so number of test points of the modal test in the other two directions is much less than the traditional test method.

Micropatterned Co-based amorphous ribbon meanders were prepared by MEMS technology on the flexible PET substrate. Different holders with varying arch heights were fabricated through 3D printing technology and used for carrying out tensile stresses. The giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) ratio was investigated under different tensile stress inductions (0~88 MPa). The results indicate that the GMI ratio of the flexible ribbon meanders is significantly impacted due to presence of tensile stress. As tensile stress increases, the GMI ratio first increases and then decreases. The maximum GMI ratio of 28.38% is achieved at a tensile stress level of 11 MPa. Additionally, the peak field gradually approaches zero as stress increases. When tensile stress increases from 0 MPa to 88 MPa, the peak field is shifted by 10.59 Oe.

In view of the memory function of memristor in circuit, a threshold memristor model and a memristor equivalent circuit were established by PSPICE simulation software. A hybrid memristor-CMOS Exclusive-OR(XOR) logic gate circuit was built with the memristor equivalent circuit and CMOS tube as the core. The simulation results verified the correctness and feasibility of the circuit. Then, the memristor equivalent circuit is connected to the real circuit. The test results are the same as the simulation results, which further confirms the feasibility of hybrid memristor-CMOS XOR gate circuit.

With the continuous development of integrated circuit manufacturing technology, the number of transistors on the chip and the increase in operating frequency has led to a gradual increase in power consumption per unit area. The huge power consumption generated by high-speed operation has become one of the important issues to be solved in current chip design, and the design difficulty of low-power chips is gradually increasing. This paper summarizes the current research results in the field of chip power optimization, which is divided into three main directions, namely chip static power optimization, chip dynamic power optimization and cooperative optimization. The dynamic power optimization direction adopts the DPRDP algorithm with signal line weighting; the static power optimization direction includes the dual-threshold voltage allocation algorithm; and the co-optimization direction adopts the multi-bit register clustering and merging algorithm. So far, there have been various methods to efficiently optimize chip energy consumption, but with the shrinking chip size and increasing functional requirements, the circuit power consumption must be addressed at the source. To this end, new materials need to be explored to effectively control leakage currents, I-R drop, etc. in circuits, and to investigate power consumption optimization schemes for large-scale integrated circuits.

For studying the effect of polarity reversal electric field on the internal insulation of converter transformers, the article uses the electroacoustic pulse method as the basic principle. By measuring the space charge density at each position of oilpaper insulation under different polarity inversion times, the polarity inversion time’s influence on the oil-paper’s charge accumulation and transient characteristics is analyzed. At the same time, the electric field intensity close to the grounding electrode is obtained by integrating the charge density, and the influence of charge which is left during the inversion on the local electric field is also discussed. The research results show that as the polarity inversion time shortens, the intensity of the internal resident charge raises, which leads to the increase of the electric field intensity at the same polar voltage. In addition to that, the amplification effect of the electric field becomes more pronounced. Besides, the presence of resident charge distorts the local electric field and increases its intensity. The findings of this research have significant value in guiding for elucidating the spatial charge distribution characteristics of oil-paper insulation with the effect of the reversal of the polarity of the electric field and the impacting mechanism of resident charge on insulation degradation.

This article explores the application of amorphous magnetic rings in electrical fast transient burst tests. Amorphous magnetic rings possess unique properties that make them suitable for transient voltage suppression and electromagnetic interference (EMI) filtering. The paper discusses their advantages over other magnetic materials, presents case studies, and highlights their effectiveness in mitigating voltage spikes and reducing EMI. Future research directions are also discussed.

Time-of-use price adjustments are becoming more and more frequent, and there is an urgent need to study methods to evaluate the effect of time-of-use price adjustments. This paper analyses the effect of time-of-use electricity price adjustment from two perspectives: the monthly average load curve of the overall load of large industry and general industry and commerce, and the monthly load average load curve of key industries. The two assessment methods came to completely opposite conclusions. The conclusions drawn from the overall load analysis are deceptive through comparison. In-depth industry segmentation analysis of time-of-use electricity price effect can more accurately and objectively evaluate the time-of-use electricity price effect. The analysis conclusion of this paper has certain enlightenment for the future evaluation of time-of-use electricity price evaluation.

The microstructure evolutions of Al-Mg-Si alloy with elements La, Ce, and Er were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The conductivity and mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Si alloy were tested. The results showed that after adding the rare-earth elements La, Ce, and Er, the amount of precipitation phases within the grains of the Al-Mg-Si alloy decreased, and the precipitation phases migrated towards to the grain boundaries, resulting in coarsening of the grain boundaries. Moreover, rare-earth elements reacted with Si and Fe to form intermetallic compounds precipitated from the matrix, which greatly reduced the presence of Si elemental. The addition of rare-earth elements La, Ce, and Er could improve the conductivity and mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Si alloy in some degree.

Aiming at the problem that transparent electromagnetic metamaterials have the advantage of absorbing electromagnetic waves in electromagnetic stealth, a broadband metasurface absorber composed of ITO-PET film and polymethyl methacrylate substrate is proposed in this paper. From the structural point of view, the top, middle and bottom layers of the absorber are ITO-PET films, and the adjacent two layers of films are sandwiched with thicker dielectric substrates. The top resonant absorbing structure is a fan-shaped indium tin oxide surface, which is easy to process and manufacture. The simulation results show that the absorber achieves more than 90% absorption rate in the frequency range of 4~18 GHz, covering the C, X and Ku bands related to electromagnetic stealth, and reaches 98.5% absorption peak at the resonant frequency of 10 GHz. The electric field density and power loss distribution on the surface of the simulated 10 GHz top-layer indium tin oxide are further monitored to reasonably explain the principle of electromagnetic wave absorption. In addition, the influence of structural parameters on electromagnetic wave absorption is analyzed by parameter scanning, and it is verified that it has good wide-angle incident and polarization insensitive characteristics.

The high content gold on the market is mainly divided into ordinary gold, "3D" hard gold, "5G" gold and ancient gold. In order to explore the physical and chemical properties of four types of high content gold, a number of properties and composition studies were carried out in this paper. The physical properties of four types of high content gold were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, digital microscopic Vickers hardness tester and surface roughness tester. The chemical properties was investigated by nitrogen oxygen hydrogen analyzer, carbon sulfur analyzer and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Finally, the performance and composition evaluation results of four types of high content gold on the market were obtained.

Aluminum bronze powder was deposited onto Q345R using positive and reverse polarity plasma arc surfacing. Through the analysis of formability and welding defect, it shows that the formability and welding defect of reverse polarity plasma arc aluminum bronze surfacing layer are better than the positive polarity. Aluminum bronze powder plasma surfacing layer was obtained by using reverse polarity under different currents, and the optimal surfacing current was obtained by changing the hardness and wear resistance of the surfacing layer. The results show that the current for the highest hardness of the aluminum bronze surfacing layer is 120A, and the current for the best wear resistance is 110A.

The molecular structure is critical to the electrical performance of insulating material applied in HVDC cable system. According to free volume breakdown theory, the larger size and content of free volume cavity, the lower the breakdown field strength will be. The dielectric performance of insulating material is closely related to its free volume and it depends on the content of vinyl. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation was used to construct different EPDM and analysis fractional free volume. The properties of EPDM with different content of vinyl also be researched, include mean square radius of rotation<S2> and mean square displacement (MSD).

To achieve collision free path planning and tracking control of unmanned launch platforms in complex environments, this paper proposes a path obstacle avoidance control method based on deep deterministic strategy gradient reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm. This method models the collision avoidance problem as a Markov decision process, and uses a deep neural network to establish a nonlinear mapping from the laser radar perception state to the optimal control variables of velocity and angular velocity. Compared with traditional path obstacle avoidance algorithms, RL based obstacle avoidance algorithms do not rely on experience to set corner control rules. They can achieve end-to-end mapping from environmental state to optimal control by setting the return function, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional obstacle avoidance algorithms such as weak adaptability to the environment and low generalization ability. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed path collision avoidance algorithm were verified through simulation experiments. The results show that compared with traditional path planning obstacle avoidance algorithms, the RL based path avoidance method can achieve obstacle avoidance control in complex environments.

The frequent use of 1024-bit large number multiplication in encryption algorithms like SM9 often involves parallel execution of multiple small-bit Booth multipliers. However, this design approach leads to significant area consumption in the compression circuit and intermediate registers. In this paper, we propose a novel reconfigurable and reusable compressed circuit design that reduces the area of the compression circuit without compromising speed, thus minimizing the overall area of the large number multiplication circuit. The proposed design is simulated using Design Compiler in the SMIC0.18 technology library under the SSG process corner. The results demonstrate a 21% reduction in circuit area and a 2% decrease in power consumption.

In order to solve the problem of deformation and cracking in laser additive manufacturing of the screw surface of complex structural parts, the residual stress and deformation of the screw surface during the cladding process of the deposition path were studied. The thermal stress simulation model of laser additive manufacturing was established to analyze the influence of different deposition paths on the surface stress and deformation of screw. It is found that the residual stress and deformation of screw surface are different under different deposition paths. The deformation is mainly concentrated in the two ends of the surface of the cladding screw, and different deposition paths have a great influence on the thermal stress deformation evolution behavior of the surface of the screw.

Functional polymer materials are a type of polymers with special and specific functions, such as optical polymers, thermal-sensitive polymers, magnetic polymers, electric-conductive polymers, biomedical polymers, and environmentally degradable polymers. In this article, we provide a summary of current advancements in the functional polymers research field, including biomaterials, supramolecular polymers, energy storage polymers, nanofiltration membranes, and shape-memory polymers. The preparation methods, design or modification strategies at the molecular level, and potential applications are summarized as well. Each type of functional polymer's current issues and prospects for the future are also covered. To satisfy the increasing demand of advanced materials, more research efforts are continually and essentially needed.

Current submersible structural health monitoring techniques suffer from poor positioning accuracy and insensitive perception of structural defects. The existing structural health detection techniques are investigated to address these problems, this paper presents an acoustic measurement system with passive listening triggering active detection is proposed. In this paper, a spherical receiver transducer array and a forked finger transducer are fabricated using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric film as the core device. The system uses the receiver transducer array to receive acoustic signals and determine the location of structural damage based on the acoustic signals, and then actively triggers the fork-finger transducer at the corresponding location to generate acoustic surface waves to detect structural defects in titanium alloys. The feasibility of the designed system is verified through experiments, which show that the device can determine the orientation of the noise and whether a fracture has occurred in the structure.

Heterojunction HEMT (high electron mobility transistor) exhibit exception physical properties, such as high electron saturation velocity, high breakdown field strength and high surface charge density, making them a global research focus. However, with the ambient temperature of AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices increase, it is crucial to investigate the electrical characteristics of the HEMT under varying temperature condition to ensure reliability at room temperature and above. In this paper, the characteristics of commercial HEMT devices are studied from three aspects: firstly, the basic structure and working principle of HEMT. Secondly, two-dimensional electron gas characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT are examined; and lastly, the temperature-dependent DC characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT are analyzed in depth. This study presents the effects of temperature on 2DEG (two-dimensional electron gas) concentration and mobility, providing a deeper understanding of HEMT device performance. This information is useful in the development of more reliable and efficient power converters for electric vehicles, mobile phone chargers, renewable energy systems, and data centers.

Storage scalability has become one of the bottlenecks of blockchain development. This paper proposes a blockchain storage scaling model based on redundant residual system (RRNS). The model divides the blockchain into high security blocks and low security blocks, and adopts different storage strategies for them. Among them, low security blocks are stored in the form of whole network storage (all nodes need to be saved), and high security blocks are partitioned by RRNS based segmentation algorithm and stored in a distributed form. In addition, the redundant residue system(RRNS)is used to detect and correct errors to prevent malicious node attacks, thereby improving data stability and integrity. The experimental results and security analysis show that the proposed model not only has security and fault tolerance, but also guarantees the integrity of data, effectively reduces the storage consumption of nodes, and enhances the storage of the blockchain system Scalability.

With the known target motion velocity and only using angle information, fixed single station can estimate the motion parameters of the moving target of constant velocity. The pseudo-linear estimator (PLE) is biased, which can be reduced by using instrumental variables (IV) method. In this paper, the fixed single station bearing-only target motion parameter estimation method based on prior velocity information is studied, a weighted instrumental variable (WIV) motion parameter estimation method is proposed and its performance is theoretically analyzed. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm has strong robustness under large measurement angle error and velocity prior information error.

In electrical automation system, relay protection is a very important part. With the rapid development of power system and information technology in today's society, there are some maintenance problems, communication problems and accuracy problems in relay protection system. In this paper, the safety technology of relay protection is studied and analyzed, and the safety technology of relay protection in electrical automation system is discussed by establishing intelligent automatic detection system of relay protection and setting relay protection value in electrical automation system, which provides help for protecting the safety of electrical automation system.

As the content of sulfite and soluble silica in boiler water is not detected in time, it is easy to cause scaling, salt accumulation, corrosion, and soda water co-emission, etc. An automated flow-batch analyzer for the determination of Boiler water were described at present work. The flow path of the pump valve was constructed by designing a "Z" shaped flow pool and an injection pump with a syringe and a distributing valve. The LED light source driving circuit and silicon photocell were used to form a light source detection module for spectrophotometric detection of the solution. The LabVIEW software platform is used to controlled syringe pump and Data Acquisition (DAQ) board, which was used to light LED and acquire data from light-to-voltage converter. The design uses silicate and sulfite solution to test the performance of the boiler water quality for calibration experiments respectively. A linear correlation coefficient is 0.9975 in calibration curves of silicate solution and 0.9995 in calibration curves of sulfite solution. Through the detection of silica solution and sulfite soluble, the results show that the boiler water quality detection system based on LabVIEW has high accuracy and good stability.

Load aggregators can aggregate user loads, achieve demand response, and relieve the pressure on the power grid. In view of the lack of scientificity in the selection of users in demand response work, the lack of full consideration of constraints such as power loss and user satisfaction, and the failure to optimize the interests of multiple participants, as well as the low response capacity, this paper establishes a game model of load aggregators based on two-level optimization, taking into account subsidy incentives. Among them, the upper layer model is a game model between load aggregators, and the lower layer is a clearing model based on system operators, which is solved using a diagonalization algorithm. On the basis of the above model, the potential of users participating in demand response is assessed, so that load aggregators can screen out high-quality users. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the model and its solution method were verified through numerical simulation calculations.

Environmental variables like light intensity and temperature have an impact on photovoltaic (PV) systems, causing the output power of PV cells to have nonlinear properties. As a result, monitoring the maximum power output of the PV cells in real-time is crucial to assuring operation at the maximum power point and improving the usage efficiency of PV cells. In order to achieve Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control under variable operating conditions, this paper adopted the Perturbation and Observation technique (P&O) to the PV system using duty cycle modification in a Boost converter circuit. The system has outstanding disturbance rejection capabilities and adaptability, as shown by simulation findings that show it can quickly achieve MPPT even when temperature and light intensity vary.

Airborne fire control radar, as an important sensor for fighter jets, plays a crucial role in modern warfare. The article conducted simulation research on the clutter distribution and suppression performance of airborne fire control radar. Firstly, a clutter model of airborne fire control radar was established, and the clutter distribution under different carrier platform speeds was simulated. Then, theoretical analysis was conducted on the clutter suppression of airborne fire control radar. Finally, simulation experiments were conducted to study the carrier platform speed, radar sidelobe level The influence of the standard deviation of the internal motion velocity of the clutter on the clutter distribution was studied, and based on this, the clutter suppression performance was simulated and analyzed. The research in this article can provide technical support for future research on airborne fire control radar.

With the rise of artificial intelligence technology in recent years, combining artificial intelligence technology with industry has become a popular research direction, and safety issues in industry have gradually become important. Gas data can directly show the health condition of gas, and the research of anomaly detection on gas data is one of the important means to improve gas safety. To address the gas data problem, this paper proposes a gas data anomaly detection method based on a time-series ARIMA model. Firstly, the data in the SCADA system is pre-processed, then the features of the gas data are extracted, then a time-series model is established using ARIMA, and finally the anomaly is determined by the difference between the model prediction data and the real data. And the method proposed in this paper is verified in real data, and the results show that the average values of the indexes of true positive rate, false positive rate and accuracy rate of the method in this paper are 0.18%, 0% and 96.6% respectively, which verifies the effectiveness of the method in this paper.

In using deep learning for the inverse design of metasurfaces, it’s common to encounter the problem of non-uniqueness, which can make training the inverse prediction neural network model more difficult. To address this issue, researchers have proposed the random forest algorithm as a means of classifying similar data and using this classified data to train the inverse neural network. This approach has been found to improve the performance of the network model beyond that achievable using the original data alone. In order to provide a concrete example, transmissive linear-to-circular polarization control metasurfaces have been tested and results have demonstrated good agreement between predicted and actual outcomes. Overall, this method provides an effective solution to the non-uniqueness problem that arises in the inverse design process of metasurfaces.

Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and poor timeliness of conventional radiation source recognition, a radar radiation source recognition method based on random convolution kernel and Stacking is proposed in this paper. The one-dimensional sequence radiation source signal is normalized, the random convolution check sequence signal is used for efficient feature extraction transformation, and the transformed feature data is trained and learned by XGboost model. Finally, the trained model is used to complete the recognition of radiation source. The experimental results show that this method has better timeliness and higher recognition rate than the traditional radiation source identification method, and has reference significance for engineering implementation.

Ball Grid Array (BGA) packaging technology is an important approach to achieve the miniaturization, high density, and cost reduction of electronic devices. However, thermal fatigue failure of BGA solder joints is a key factor limiting the reliability of electronic components. In this study, the thermal fatigue of BGA solder joints under operational thermal cycling loads was investigated. A finite element model of the BGA package was constructed using finite element software, and the Anand constitutive model was adopted to describe the constitutive relationship of the solder material Sn60-Pb40. The stress-strain distribution characteristics of BGA solder joints were analyzed, and the vulnerable regions and mechanisms of thermal fatigue failure in BGA solder joints were identified. Finally, the thermal fatigue life of BGA solder joints was predicted using the Darveaux fatigue model. The research results indicated that the vulnerable regions of thermal fatigue in BGA solder joints were located at the four corner joints of the components, and the viscoplastic strain increased with the duration of thermal cycling, leading to cumulative viscoplastic strain and subsequent thermal fatigue failure in the solder joints.

As one of the most important infrastructure in the power system, transformers play a crucial role in China's power system. Stacked iron core is one of the most important parts of power transformers, and its material selection and processing accuracy directly determine the various performance indicators of the transformer. The geometric structure of stacked iron cores is very complex, and establishing an accurate three-dimensional model requires a lot of computational resources and time. Therefore, it is necessary to study simplified modeling methods to improve computational efficiency and reduce computational costs. We explored a simplified modeling methods, equivalent circuit models, which can significantly reduce computational complexity while ensuring certain accuracy. Different modeling methods have differences in accuracy, computational complexity, and applicability, and need to be selected and optimized based on specific problems.

Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) represents the difference of the lowest bandwidth between two signals with different frequencies that can be clearly distinguished, which determines the minimum resolvable frequency of Fast Fourier transform (FFT). In the pre scanning of electromagnetic interference (EMI), it will have some impact on the frequency characteristic diagram obtained from the pre scanning - reducing the frequency resolution. In order to ensure fast, highprecision and high accuracy FFT pre scanning, it is a Committed step to study the effect of RBW on frequency characteristics. The classic evaluation of EMI pre scanning accuracy mainly starts from the amplitude accuracy and frequency accuracy at the characteristic frequency in the amplitude frequency map. The RBW value has a significant impact on the overall spectrum amplitude and frequency accuracy, directly affecting the FFT pre-scan accuracy. The RBW value has a direct impact on the windowed FFT pre scan amplitude frequency diagram. For the dynamic condition problem of new energy vehicles, the signal is always changing, so it is necessary to study the RBW optimal solution to deal with different signals or Window function to achieve RBW adaptation.

This paper addresses the issues of large diameter fluctuations and wire breakage in the Cz-si monocrystal. A real-time diameter control scheme for Cz-si monocrystal pulling, found on particle swarm optimization (PSO) parameter tuning for RNN-PFDL-MFAC, is proposed to achieve accurate diameter control. By analyzing the control parameters that affect the diameter of the Cz-si monocrystal, a three-input single-output RNN diameter prediction model is established for the isothermal stage of crystal growth. A real-time diameter control scheme for Cz-si monocrystal pulling is determined based on the prediction model, the PFDL data model, and the MFAC algorithm. The optimal values of hyperparameters in the control scheme are determined using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Finally, the validity and stability of the control project are demonstrated by control simulation.

To reveal the influence of salt spray environment on the auxiliary switch, this study conducted accelerated aging tests on the auxiliary switch based on relevant standards and selected surface corrosion level and operating torque as characteristic parameters. The results indicate that under the influence of salt spray, the surface of the auxiliary switch undergoes corrosion, leading to the destruction of its nickel layer. Moreover, the degree of corrosion intensifies with increasing environmental temperature. The salt spray also infiltrates the internal components of the auxiliary switch, causing rust spots on their surfaces. After 8 cycles of spraying at 45°C, the operating torque increases by approximately 89.8%, resulting in a significant decline in performance. This research clarifies the degradation pattern of the auxiliary switch in salt spray environments, providing a theoretical foundation for the subsequent prediction of the lifespan of circuit breaker operating mechanisms.

In the automobile industry, consumers' focus and satisfaction with automobiles are important reference directions for product optimization. This key information can be obtained by analyzing automobile evaluations. At present, end-to-end model training has problems such as large demand for data and long training time. This study proposes a summative attention mechanism to improve the Bert model, and transfers human prior knowledge to the model by summarizing vocabulary. The results show that the summative attention mechanism can make the model converge faster, significantly improve the classification accuracy of reviews, and has a good application value in the topic classification of car reviews.

In order to improve the problem of low accuracy of traditional support vector machines in solving data classification problems, the SVM classification method and feature selection are co-optimized. In order to solve the problem that the global optimal solution cannot be effectively obtained due to non-determinism, polynomial completeness and large scale, an improved squirrel search algorithm (ISSA) is proposed, and the spatial variation and diffusion mechanism is introduced to improve the traditional SSA to achieve fast convergence, and the improved SSA is used to solve the SVM classification method and feature selection collaborative optimization problem. Then, the improved wolf pack algorithm is used to optimize the kernel function and feature selection at the same time, and the selected feature classification results are obtained. Then, by comparing a variety of different algorithms in sixteen sets of classical UCI datasets, they have significant advantages in different index evaluations, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can process data more accurately and avoid redundant feature interference.

In this study, an absorptive partially reflective surface is designed to realize a high-gain, dual-band radar cross section (RCS) reduced Fabry-Perot resonator antenna. A single-layer multi-mode lossy Jerusalem-type frequency selective surface is loaded onto the traditional partially reflective surface to realize the in-band partial reflection and effective out-of-band absorption. By using the absorptive partially reflective surface to form a Fabry-Perot resonator antenna, good in-band radiation performance and out-of-band RCS reduction can be achieved simultaneously. The results of the simulation show that the peak gain of the antenna is 19.67 dBi at 10 GHz, decreasing only by 0.8 dB compared with that of the reference antenna without lossy surface loading. The RCS reduction is more than 10 dB in the ranges of 3.76~7.4 GHz and 13.1~18 GHz. Finally, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated, and the high gain and dual-band low RCS are proved by measurement.

The electric power system is evolving into an electric cyber-physical system (ECPS) that is highly integrated with cyberspace, realizing real-time interaction and deep integration of information flow and energy flow. The obvious security risk of ECPS is that the security risks in cyberspace and physical space will superimpose each other and form a chain failure across space. In the current security technology of ECPS, the detection methods for information threats and power system faults lack internal correlation and are isolated from each other, so it is impossible to show the overall security status of ECPS from a macro level. This paper proposes a threat situation assessment framework for ECPS, and conducts a macro analysis of the overall security status of ECPS, filling in the current lack of technical gaps in the detection of cross-space cascading faults caused by information threats.

In the era of rapid development of the Internet, how to ensure the Storage security of data has become an important issue. As the physical carrier of data, once the hard disk fails, it may lead to irreparable data loss. Therefore, hard disk failure prediction is very important for data storage security of large-scale storage cluster. This article focuses on the hard disk SMART data of the large cloud storage company Backblaze, using the WOA-BP model for model training, and optimizing the random initial value problem in the WOA algorithm using Cubic mapping method. The experimental results show that the improved WOA-BP model achieved a 96% accuracy rate in hard disk fault prediction.

This study presents the design of an eddy current sensor for accurately measuring the insulation thickness of steel strip armored cables. The sensor utilizes the LDC1612 technology and operates on a non-contact measurement principle, eliminating potential measurement errors associated with contact sensors due to wear and tear. By integrating a laser distance meter, the system achieves precise measurements while ensuring the integrity of the cable insulation. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the sensor's design concept and implementation process, covering coil design, signal circuitry, and practical measurement techniques. To enhance measurement accuracy, a multi-point calibration method is employed, and the system's stability and reliability are experimentally validated. The results demonstrate that the designed LDC1612-based eddy current sensor exhibits excellent precision in measuring the distance between steel cables and steel strips, offering reliable performance. Hence, this design holds significant practical value and promising prospects for wider adoption.

The manufacturing industry is complicated, with the coexistence of old and new devices, many devices, and various communication interfaces and protocols, making connectivity difficult. Therefore, based on the idea of software definition, the hardware and software of equipment are decoupled. The hardware layer only needs to do a good job of interconnection efficiently, and the calculation and control logic is completed by software. The digital device model consists of devices, controllers, data pumps, rules, events, and message flows. By defining, assembling, generating and enabling four steps, digital device driven assembly is realized. Finally, statistical analysis, processing and presentation of KPI data collected by digital equipment are carried out. The digital equipment modeling based on software definition realizes the integration of industrial heterogeneous networks, reduces the dependence on hardware, improves the efficiency, and has been applied in engineering and verified, and achieved good results.

In view of the difficulty in quantitative evaluation of software quality of electric energy meters, which leads to many failures in the field operation of electric energy meters, this paper proposes a quantitative evaluation method of software quality of intelligent electric energy meters based on the analytic hierarchy process. By establishing the software quality model of intelligent electric energy meters, the reliable evaluation of software quality can be realized. Relevant methods can be applied to the quality reliability evaluation of electric energy meters, and effectively find the quality hidden dangers of electric energy meter software, Promote the continuous improvement of the quality level of electricity meters.

To improve the reliability of the system, the subsequent space antenna deployment structure plans to use permanent magnet synchronous motors. In this paper, two high-frequency injection methods with LADRC are simulated and analyzed, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the two methods are verified, and the results show that the high-frequency square-wave voltage injection method is the preferred sensorless control scheme.

The anechoic chamber is an important facility for conducting electromagnetic compatibility and antenna testing, and its parameter performance has a significant impact on the test results. Currently, most domestic laboratories are electromagnetic compatibility laboratories and anechoic chambers for antenna near-field and far-field integration. There are very few integrated anechoic chambers for electromagnetic compatibility and antenna far-field integration. Integrated anechoic chambers need to consider the environmental performance requirements for electromagnetic compatibility testing and antenna testing of the test object. The absorption performance of the absorbing materials used meets both the electromagnetic compatibility testing of the entire satellite and the far-field antenna testing. This article focuses on the calculation principles, simulation methods, Quiet Zone reflection level testing principles, and testing conclusions of electromagnetic compatibility and antenna far-field integrated anechoic chambers. By comparing simulation results with measured values, typical results are analyzed.

In the actual use of embedded devices, the communication board needs online debugging, program loading, version upgrading and so on. This paper designs a program loading and upgrading system based on serial port. Through the tight coupling of DSP module and FPGA module, the serial port program is guided, and the system initialization and online writing function are realized in the communication terminal. This paper lists in detail the system configuration environment, software design flow, system verification simulation test process. The experimental results show that this design can optimize the function performance of embedded devices with high integration and difficulty in disassembly, shorten the time of equipment outfield program upgrade, and support the wired remote on-line status detection of multiple devices in complex electromagnetic environment. The design has strong reliability and effectiveness, not only improves the work efficiency, but also reduces the maintenance cost of the system, and has strong practicability.

This article groundbreaking applies infrared temperature sensor to the study of green sheet drying process. Results show that the actual temperature of the sheet surface is 10~30℃ lower than the set temperature at zone1~3, which is related to the much solvent volatilization. The drying process of the sheet consists of three parts, the third part (decreasing rate drying period) has a greater impact than the other two parts. And the higher the drying temperature, the lower the breaking strength of the sheet and the greater the break elongation. It is speculated that the sheet drying is accelerated under high drying temperature and the density decreases.

This research is devoted to communication circuit, based on DSP module and FPGA module board card. The chip to be configured is physically connected to initialize peripheral devices. According to SPI sequential logic, register configuration is realized, chip initialization is completed, and chip initialization device can work reliably in digital communication system. The debugging tool can realize real-time control, debugging and optimization of chip function performance. On-line check and monitor the real-time status of the register, analyze the chip configuration status. The chip configuration status and hardware signal baseband board can be remotely detected and configured. It is widely used in a variety of complex environments.

In view of the current situation of high frequency and many channels output signal of array sensor, a high-precision multi-channel signal acquisition system based on LTC2325 is designed. The functions of each circuit module and key points of circuit design are introduced in detail. The experimental results show that the acquisition accuracy of this system is less than 1%, which can meet most of the needs of multi-channel signal acquisition.

DMA transfer copies data from one address space to another, providing high-speed data transfer between peripherals and storage or between storage and storage. The DMA transmission method does not require the CPU to directly control the transmission, saving CPU resources and greatly improving CPU efficiency. With the rapid development of microcontrollers in the field of automotive electronics, microcontrollers that meet the requirements of automotive regulations should have high reliability and security. The application of AES encryption function in DMA can effectively improve security. This design is based on the AES encryption function and the DMA controller design for 16byte bursts. Compared to the DES algorithm, it reduces the time loss of 8ns by transmitting data every 10k bytes. AES encryption and decryption functions are added to the DMA transmission. The design for 16byte burst DMA transmission based on AES encryption is developed in Verilog, and the simulation verification is done.

The existing home safety protection systems can effectively monitor various indicators of home environment. However, the systems have difficulties in terms of autonomous rescue and human-machine interaction. To address these issues, we propose an intelligent home safety protection system via STM32. We use STM32F103 as the core component and utilize data acquisition module (DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, MQ2 and MQ7 gas sensors), relay control module, remote check module (ESP8266 communication component), interactive alarm module (improved SIM800C communication component), and data display module to achieve the monitoring, interaction, and autonomous rescue of the home environment. The results show that the proposed system can effectively monitor the various indicators in real-time, and has these advantages of easy operation, autonomous rescue, and human-machine interaction.

Among the four basic operations, the division has a high level of technical complexity in implementation, so the design of a hardware divider generally becomes a key and difficult point in the design of data processing units. Based on practical needs, combined with new theories and practical developments in the field of divider design, this article implements an integer divider with improved pre-processing modules that can reduce computational cycles. It adopts the SRT-4 algorithm, selects the minimum redundant form for the remainder, uses on-the-fly conversion method for quotient calculation, and is supplemented by minimal hardware logic to form a data path. The focus is on low-cost, low-power, minimalist, and modular design. This design implements division function and then uses software to complete simulation verification. Under the standard process unit of 90 nm, the comprehensive area of this design is 15576 𝜇𝑚² , power consumption 4.1326 mW, delay 790 ps compared to traditional dividers without improvement, the overall performance improvement is as high as 47%~82%.

Power vision is a technology that utilizes image processing and analysis techniques for intelligent recognition and monitoring of devices and environments in the power system. The application of power vision faces challenges such as insufficient data transmission bandwidth, poor real-time data processing, and inadequate data security and privacy protection, which limit the efficiency and quality of power vision applications. In order to address these challenges, this paper presents a design of a power vision edge computing device based on the AI chip Atlas 200, enabling real-time processing and analysis of power vision images at the edge, closer to the data source. This paper introduces the overall design of the device, software deployment, and the migration of deep learning algorithms. Furthermore, it showcases the effectiveness and advantages of the device in the specific application scenario of transmission line icing detection.

A point cloud matching algorithm based on point pair features with improved ICP is proposed to address the problems of slow target recognition and low accuracy in complex scenes such as occlusion and overlap. In the offline training phase, the algorithm creates a global model description based on directed point pair features and uses hash table storage to speed up the finding time; in the online matching phase, the generalized Hoff voting strategy is used to complete the point pair matching and generate candidate poses; finally, the obtained candidate poses are clustered and filtered and the poses are optimized by the overlap rate between the field point cloud and the model point cloud and the improved ICP algorithm. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is experimented for different complex scenes, and the experimental results prove that the recognition rate and feature point matching rate of this paper are high and have good robustness for the point cloud data with large data volume and poor quality.

In response to the requirements of power emergency communication and the shortage of existing emergencycommunication system, an emergency communication solution with the core of "ultra-small portable satellite station, wireless broadband Mesh ad hoc network equipment, multimedia dispatching system, individual equipment" is proposedto establish a power emergency integrated communication solution, which has the ability of “three places linkage, integrated coverage, rapid response, flexibility and robustness”. The emergency communication systemcan be usedinvarious application scenarios, and has been tested and verified in terms of function, performance and reliabilityinmountainous and underground environments without public network, and has successfully carried out peak summer drills and emergency rescue and disaster relief many times at the front line.

Calculated inner electric field distribution in Cd_xZn1_-xTe detector can be better applied in fields such as solar cells, infrared and ultraviolet detection, and the carrier density, space charge. The internal distribution of the electric field played an important role in the CdxZn1-xTe planar detectors. Understanding the detection characteristics of Cd_xZn_1-xTe under ultra-high X-ray flux. Ultimate outcome explanation when the roentgen ray flux is particularly above the average, there will be severe space charge accumulation and internal electric field distortion. This may seriously affect the performance of the detector.