Zenith: DARPA’s liquid mirror telescope program

Michael Nayak; Denis Brousseau; Amanda Childers; Tomu Hisakado; Kristyn Kadala; Rebecca Kamire; Yifan Li; Dhanushkodi Mariappan; Greg Radighieri; Alvaro Romero-Calvo; Neil Rowlands; Paul Schroeder; Grey Tarkenton; Simon Thibault; Devin Vollmer; Santanu Basu; Kaushik Iyer

doi:10.1117/12.3020080

26 August 2024 Zenith: DARPA’s liquid mirror telescope program

Michael Nayak, Denis Brousseau, Amanda Childers, Tomu Hisakado, Kristyn Kadala, Rebecca Kamire, Yifan Li, Dhanushkodi Mariappan, Greg Radighieri, Alvaro Romero-Calvo, Neil Rowlands, Paul Schroeder, Grey Tarkenton, Simon Thibault, Devin Vollmer, Santanu Basu, Kaushik Iyer

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 13100, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation VI; 1310037 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020080
Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2024, Yokohama, Japan

Abstract

Astronomy and Space Domain Awareness are limited by the size of available telescope optics, the cost for which scales steeply due to the exquisitely ground and polished primary mirrors, typically made of glass or other light-weight substrates. Liquid mirrors (LMs) may break this unfavorable cost scaling. When rotated at a constant angular velocity, it has been shown that fluid surfaces take the form of a paraboloid, which can function as a primary mirror. However, current LMs cannot slew or tilt off-zenith due to gravity, greatly limiting the viewing area in the sky. To overcome these limitations while also enabling low-cost, very-large-aperture telescopes, DARPA launched the Zenith program. Zenith is developing entirely new LM design-for-build approaches that can create large optical surfaces and maintain optical quality during tilt and slew by correcting transient liquid surface aberrations in real time. The development of these new designs is being supported by multi-physics models, materials, surface and field controls, and structures. This paper discusses key and fundamental aspects of four new design and modeling approaches for this new class of LMs. The software and simulation tools developed by the Zenith program to design tiltable and size-scalable liquid mirrors are also available to the astronomical community as an open-source repository.

Conference Presentation

(2024) Published by SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Citation Download Citation

Michael Nayak, Denis Brousseau, Amanda Childers, Tomu Hisakado, Kristyn Kadala, Rebecca Kamire, Yifan Li, Dhanushkodi Mariappan, Greg Radighieri, Alvaro Romero-Calvo, Neil Rowlands, Paul Schroeder, Grey Tarkenton, Simon Thibault, Devin Vollmer, Santanu Basu, and Kaushik Iyer "Zenith: DARPA’s liquid mirror telescope program", Proc. SPIE 13100, Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation VI, 1310037 (26 August 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3020080

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