Due to their chemical inaction and compliance with up-scaling processes, electrodes made from carbon have become extensively utilized in perovskite photovoltaic cells (PSCs), indicating that they are suitable for large-scale production. The difficulty of extracting metal ores as well as the paucity of essential components serve as additional evidence that back-contact in PSCs can't be effectively achieved using standard noble metal catalysts. In contrast, electrodes composed of carbon offer an ideal answer to these issues. The old processing batteries with metal electrodes still outperform them in terms of energy conversion effectiveness (PCEs), leaving a sizable performance difference. We suggest using low-temperature based on carbon (LB) electrodes to solve this issue since they have a number of significant benefits over mesoscopic elevated temperatures. 1) a wider range of available selected strata; 2) application to all perovskite crystalline techniques; 3) compliance with elastic substrate; and 4) a quicker installation procedure. In this study, we examine a variety of LB-paste formulation methods and depositing strategies that were originally created to enhance electrode conductance and interface engagement.
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