Rapid single-photon 3D imaging in highly scattering underwater environments

Rui Zhang; Germán Mora Martin; Alistair Gorman; Robert K. Henderson; Gerald S. Buller; Istvan Gyongy; Aurora Maccarone

doi:10.1117/12.3030968

15 November 2024 Rapid single-photon 3D imaging in highly scattering underwater environments

Rui Zhang, Germán Mora Martin, Alistair Gorman, Robert K. Henderson, Gerald S. Buller, Istvan Gyongy, Aurora Maccarone

Proceedings Volume 13204, Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence IX; 1320406 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030968
Event: Security + Defence, 2024, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Abstract

We demonstrated a transceiver system for underwater three-dimensional imaging, based on a 64 × 32 macro-pixel direct time-of-flight (dToF) SPAD detector array fabricated using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The sensor featured integrated multi-event time-to-digital converters (METDC) per macro-pixel, and operated in a time-gated mode which allowed the improved rejection of the backscattering from the signal return. The performance of the system was assessed in a controlled underwater environment, utilizing a moving target placed in a water tank at a stand-off distance of 1.45 m in water. The system demonstrated rapid 3D imaging by using short acquisition times of 1 ms, which corresponds to a frame rate of 1000 fps. Depth and intensity profiles were obtained at attenuation levels equivalent up to 5.5 attenuation lengths between the transceiver and the target, and using average optical power of up to 32 mW.

Conference Presentation

Citation Download Citation

Rui Zhang, Germán Mora Martin, Alistair Gorman, Robert K. Henderson, Gerald S. Buller, Istvan Gyongy, and Aurora Maccarone "Rapid single-photon 3D imaging in highly scattering underwater environments", Proc. SPIE 13204, Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence IX, 1320406 (15 November 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3030968

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