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Basic Tai Chi exercises serve as the foundation and core of Tai Chi practice. A deep understanding of the movement principles and essential characteristics is crucial to ensuring the effectiveness of training. However, practitioners often struggle to grasp the essentials, resulting in minimal progress or even injuries that may lead them to abandon the practice. To achieve a digital interpretation of the movement transitions and force application principles in basic Tai Chi exercises, we introduced surface electromyography (sEMG) detection into basic Tai Chi in this study. Eight Tai Chi experts were invited to construct an expert subject dataset. Then we extracted and analyzed the integral whole electric value and contribution rates of relevant muscles in basic Kai He Gong (KHG) exercise, as well as the dynamic changes on both sides of the body. An improved Teager-Kaiser Energy (TKE) algorithm was used to accurately identify the muscle force sequencing in expert-level and trainee-level basic movement. The results revealed that the cooperated relationship the left and right body sides and the crucial role of the erector spinae in the waist connecting the upper and lower limbs in the KHG exercises, demonstrating the Tai Chi principle of "controlling from the waist". In all, we explored the sEMG activity patterns in basic Tai Chi exercises in this study, enabling a digital interpretation of movement transitions and muscle force application principles. The results could provide references for the training and teaching of basic Tai Chi exercises.
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