This paper presents the techniques used to inspect for defects on surface mount PCBs. Focusses were made on five different types of defects, namely, missing components, misalignment, wrong orientation of I.C. chips, wrong parts, and poor solder joints. Thus, five separate algorithms had been developed to detect these faults. The technique of windowing was employed to reduce the amount of redundant data to be processed. Preprocessing functions like convolution as well as all image processing tasks are performed on the window regions only, saving tremendously on computation time. Experimental results showed that these algorithms are reliable, fast, and cost-effective.
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